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Line 88: === Synagogue ''aliyah'' === Every Monday, Thursday and [[Shabbat]] in Orthodox [[synagogue]]s (and many Conservative ones as well), a portion from the Torah is read aloud in the original [[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]] in front of the congregation. ~~On weekdays, this~~This reading is divided into ~~three~~a number of portions; it is customary to call a kohen for the first reading (''aliyah''), a Levite for the second reading, and an "''Israelite''" (non-kohen or, non-~~levi~~levite) tofor ~~the~~all ~~third reading. On Shabbat, the reading is divided into seven~~succeeding portions~~; a kohen is called for the first ''aliyah'', a levite to the second, and "''Israelites''" for the rest~~. The [[Maftir]] portion may be given to someone from any of the three groups. If a kohen is not present, it is customary in many communities for a Levite to take the first ''aliyah'' "''bimkom kohen''" (in the place of a kohen) and an Israelite the second and succeeding ones. This custom is not required by [[halakha]] (Jewish law), however (and some opinions discourage it), and Israelites may be called up for all aliyot. If there is no Levite, the kohen is called for the second aliyah as well. In the late 12th and early 13th century, Rabbi [[Meir of Rothenburg]] ruled that, in a community consisting entirely of kohanim, the prohibition on calling kohanim for anything but the first two and ''maftir'' ''aliyot'' creates a deadlock situation which should be resolved by calling women to the Torah for all the intermediate ''aliyot''. However, this opinion is rejected by virtually all Halachic authorities, and it is not even mentioned in Shulchan Aruch or its commentaries. The [[Conservative Judaism\|Conservative]] [[Rabbinical Assembly]]'s [[Committee on Jewish Law and Standards]] (CJLS), consistent with the Conservative movement's general view of the role of kohanim, has ruled that the practice of calling a kohen to the first aliyah represents a custom rather than a law, and that accordingly, a Conservative rabbi is not obligated to follow it. As such, in some Conservative synagogues, this practice is not followed.

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