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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox newspaper
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| headquarters = [[Moscow]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.kommersant.ru/}}▼
| circulation = 120,000–130,000 (July 2013)
| oclc = 244126120▼
| eissn = 1563-6380▼
▲| oclc = 244126120
| issn = 1561-347X▼
▲| eissn = 1563-6380
▲| issn = 1561-347X
}}
'''
It is widely considered to be one of Russia's three main [[List of business newspapers|business dailies]] (together with ''[[Vedomosti]]'' and ''[[RBK Daily]]'').<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-09 |title="Ведомости", "Коммерсант" и РБК вышли с обложками "Мы Иван Голунов" |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-48576700 |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=BBC News Русская служба |language=ru}}</ref>
== History ==
The original ''Kommersant'' newspaper was established in Moscow in 1909, but was shut down by the [[Bolsheviks]] following the [[October Revolution]] in 1917.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-10-15 |title=Kommersant |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015092748/http://www.presseurop.eu/it/content/source-profile/356311-kommersant |access-date= |website=[[Presseurop]]}}</ref>
In 1989, with the onset of press freedom in Russia, ''Kommersant'' was founded under the ownership of businessman and publicist [[Vladimir Yakovlev (journalist)|Vladimir Yakovlev]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/source-profile/356511-kommersant|title=Kommersant; Presseurop (English)|work=Presseurop|year=2012|access-date=13 April 2012}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|date=2008-02-01|title=Media Map|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03064220701882780|journal=[[Index on Censorship]]|volume=37|issue=1|pages=183–189|doi=10.1080/03064220701882780|issn=0306-4220|last1=Bessudnov |first1=Alexei |s2cid=220926309 }}</ref> The first issue was released in January 1990.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Arrese|first=Ángel|date=2017-03-01|title=The role of economic journalism in political transitions|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1464884915623172|journal=[[Journalism (journal)|Journalism]]|language=en|volume=18|issue=3|pages=368–383|doi=10.1177/1464884915623172|s2cid=147918088 |issn=1464-8849}}</ref> It was modeled after Western [[business journalism]].<ref name=":0" /> ▼
▲In 1989, with the onset of press freedom in Russia,
The newspaper's title is spelled in Russian with a terminal [[Yer|hard sign]] (ъ) – a letter that is silent at the end of a word in modern Russian, and was thus largely abolished by the post-revolution [[Reforms of Russian orthography#The post-revolution reform|Russian spelling reform]], in reference to a pre-Soviet newspaper of the same name active between 1909 and 1917.<ref name=":1" /> This is played up in the Kommersant logo, which features a script hard sign at the end of somewhat more formal font. The newspaper also refers to itself or its redaction as "Ъ".▼
▲The newspaper's title is spelled in Russian with a terminal [[
Founded as a [[weekly newspaper]], it became popular among business and political elites.<ref name=":1" /> It then became a daily newspaper in 1992.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> It was owned by the businessman [[Boris Berezovsky (businessman)|Boris Berezovsky]] from 1999 until 2006, when he sold it to [[Badri Patarkatsishvili]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Koikkalainen|first=Katja|date=2007-12-01|title=The local and the International in Russian business journalism: Structures and practices|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09668130701655176|journal=[[Europe-Asia Studies]]|volume=59|issue=8|pages=1315–1329|doi=10.1080/09668130701655176|s2cid=153949932 |issn=0966-8136}}</ref> In September 2006, it was sold to Alisher Usmanov.<ref name=":2" />▼
▲Founded as a [[weekly newspaper]], it became popular among business and political elites.<ref name=":1" /> It then became a daily newspaper in 1992.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> It was owned by the businessman [[Boris Berezovsky (businessman)|Boris Berezovsky]] from 1999 until 2006, when he sold it to [[Badri Patarkatsishvili]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Koikkalainen|first=Katja|date=2007-12-01|title=The local and the International in Russian business journalism: Structures and practices|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09668130701655176|journal=[[Europe-Asia Studies]]|volume=59|issue=8|pages=1315–1329|doi=10.1080/09668130701655176|s2cid=153949932 |issn=0966-8136}}</ref> In September 2006, it was sold to [[Alisher Usmanov]].<ref name=":2" />
In January 2005, {{Lang|ru-latn|Kommersant}} published a protest at a court ruling ordering it to publish a denial of a story about a crisis at [[Alfa-Bank]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Alfa-d Up|url=http://www.kommersant.com/p543041/r_524/Alfa-d_Up/|work=Kommersant|location=Moscow|date=31 January 2005|access-date=28 August 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606111951/http://www.kommersant.com/p543041/r_524/Alfa-d_Up/|archive-date=6 June 2011}}</ref> In 2008, ''[[BBC News]]''
It has been argued that ''Kommersant'' strategically uses an ironic tone in its reporting, expressed in "creative [[Neologism|neologisms]], [[Word play|wordplay]], metaphors, and legally imposed [[Euphemism|euphemisms]]," allowing it to maintain a degree of independence in periods of severe [[Censorship in Russia|state censorship]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tymbay |first=Alexey |date=2024-03-15 |title=Reading ‘between the lines’: How implicit language helps liberal media survive in authoritarian regimes. The Kommersant Telegram posts case study |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/17504813241236907 |journal=Discourse & Communication |language=en |doi=10.1177/17504813241236907 |issn=1750-4813}}</ref>
{{Portal|Russia|Journalism}}▼
▲{{Portal|Russia|Journalism}}
==References==
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* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/4031875.stm Photo gallery celebrating Kommersant's 15th anniversary]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140301122412/http://www.sptimes.ru/index.php?action_id=2&story_id=18717 Story in the St. Petersburg Times about the sale of Kommersant]
*[http://nlr.ru/res/inv/ukazat55/record_full.php?record_ID=120198 "Kommersant" (1909–1917) digital archives in "Newspapers on the web and beyond"], the digital resource of the [[National Library of Russia]]
{{Authority control}}
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