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| leader_title1 = Vice Mayor
| leader_name1 = {{ill|Aulia Rachman|id}}
| area_total_km2 =
| area_urban_km2 = 478
| area_metro_km2 = 2,831.97
| elevation_m = 2.5–37.5
| elevation_ft = 8–123
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2023 estimate <ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2024">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kota Medan Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.1271)</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
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| map_caption1 = Interactive map of Medan
| image_map = {{#property:p242}}
| blank_name = Nominal [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]<ref name="sumut">{{Cite
| blank_info =
| blank1_name = - Total
| blank1_info = {{increase}}[[Indonesian rupiah|Rp]]
| blank2_name = - Per capita
| blank2_info = {{increase}}[[Indonesian rupiah|Rp]] 105,908 thousand ([[List of Indonesian cities by GDP|13th]])<br />{{
| blank3_name = - Growth
| blank3_info = {{increase}} 6.0%
| blank4_name = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (
| blank4_info = {{increase}} 0.
}}
'''Medan''' ({{IPAc-en|m|ɛ|ˈ|d|ɑː|n}} {{respell|meh|DAHN}}, {{IPA-id|mɛˈdan|lang|Id-Medan.ogg}}) is the [[capital city|capital]] and largest city of the [[Indonesia]]n [[Provinces of Indonesia|province]] of [[North Sumatra]].<ref name="Kumar Mishra Avtar Chakraborty 2021 pp. 585–596">{{cite book |last1=Kumar |first1=Pankaj |last2=Mishra |first2=Binaya Kumar |last3=Avtar |first3=Ram |last4=Chakraborty |first4=Shamik |title=Global Groundwater |chapter=Quantifying future water environment using numerical simulations: a scenario-based approach for sustainable groundwater management plan in Medan, Indonesia |publisher=Elsevier |year=2021 |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-818172-0.00043-8 |pages=585–596 |isbn=9780128181720 |s2cid=230551984 |quote=Medan is the capital city of North Sumatra province.}}</ref> The nearby [[Strait of Malacca]], [[Port of Belawan]], and [[Kualanamu International Airport]] make Medan a regional hub and multicultural metropolis, acting as a [[financial centre]] for [[Sumatra]] and a gateway to the western part of Indonesia. About 60% of the economy in North Sumatra is backed by trading, agriculture, and processing industries,<ref name="Medan Business">{{cite web |title=Medan Business: Top Sectors, Economies, Business Setup |url=https://www.cekindo.com/blog/doing-business-in-medan |date=23 July 2021 |access-date=12 July 2022}}</ref> including exports from its 4 million acres of palm oil plantations. The [[Government of Indonesia|National Development Planning Agency]] listed Medan as one of the [[Regions of Indonesia#Development regions|four main central cities in Indonesia]], alongside [[Jakarta]], [[Surabaya]], and [[Makassar]]. In terms of population, it is the most populous city in Indonesia outside of the island of Java. Its population as of 2023 is approximately equal to the country of [[Moldova]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bappenas.go.id/files/2713/5227/9312/bag-z-74-75-cek__20090130070903__25.doc |title=26. Z. Irian Jaya |website=bappenas.go.id |type=Word DOC |language=id |access-date=16 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705115720/https://www.bappenas.go.id/files/2713/5227/9312/bag-z-74-75-cek__20090130070903__25.doc |archive-date=5 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MMaqCLchf9UC&pg=PT114 |title=Geografi |publisher=Grasindo |isbn=9789797596194 |access-date=19 August 2019 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805101052/https://books.google.com/books?id=MMaqCLchf9UC&pg=PT114 |url-status=live }}</ref> ▼
As of the 2020 Census, Medan had a population of 2,435,252 within its [[city limits]];<ref name="bps2016">{{Cite web |url=https://sumut.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2017/10/03/60/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-jenis-kelamin-dan-kabupaten-kota-sumatera-utara-2011-2016.html |title=Jumlah Penduduk menurut Jenis Kelamin dan Kabupaten/Kota Sumatra Utara 2011–2016 |date=3 October 2017 |website=Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Sumatra Utara |language=id |access-date=8 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518051911/https://sumut.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2017/10/03/60/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-jenis-kelamin-dan-kabupaten-kota-sumatera-utara-2011-2016.html |archive-date=18 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.</ref> the official population estimate as of mid 2023 was 2,474,166 - comprising 1,231,673 males and 1,242,493 females.<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2024">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kota Medan Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.1271)</ref> When the surrounding [[urban area]] is included, the population is over 3.4 million, making it the [[List of metropolitan areas in Indonesia#Built-up urban areas|fourth largest urban area in Indonesia]].<ref name="Demographia">{{cite web |title=Demographia World Urban Areas, 14th Annual Edition |url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207210003/http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |archive-date=7 February 2020 |date=April 2019 |access-date=9 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Medan metropolitan area]]—which includes neighbouring [[Binjai]], [[Deli Serdang Regency]], and a part of [[Karo Regency]]—is the largest metropolitan area outside of [[Java]], with 4,744,323 residents counted in the 2020 Census.<ref name="mebidangro">{{Cite web |url=http://perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id/n/metropolitan/2 |title=PU-net |access-date=18 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518051906/http://perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id/n/metropolitan/2 |archive-date=18 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> ▼
▲'''Medan''' ({{IPAc-en|m|ɛ|ˈ|d|ɑː|n}} {{respell|meh|DAHN}}, {{IPA-id|mɛˈdan|lang|Id-Medan.ogg}}) is the [[capital city|capital]] and largest city of the [[Indonesia]]n [[Provinces of Indonesia|province]] of [[North Sumatra]].<ref name="Kumar Mishra Avtar Chakraborty 2021 pp. 585–596">{{cite book |last1=Kumar |first1=Pankaj |last2=Mishra |first2=Binaya Kumar |last3=Avtar |first3=Ram |last4=Chakraborty |first4=Shamik |title=Global Groundwater |chapter=Quantifying future water environment using numerical simulations: a scenario-based approach for sustainable groundwater management plan in Medan, Indonesia |publisher=Elsevier |year=2021 |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-818172-0.00043-8 |pages=585–596 |isbn=9780128181720 |s2cid=230551984 |quote=Medan is the capital city of North Sumatra province.}}</ref> The nearby [[Strait of Malacca]], [[Port of Belawan]], and [[Kualanamu International Airport]] make Medan a regional hub and multicultural metropolis, acting as a [[financial centre]] for [[Sumatra]] and a gateway to the western part of Indonesia. About 60% of the economy in North Sumatra is backed by trading, agriculture, and processing industries,<ref name="Medan Business">{{cite web |title=Medan Business: Top Sectors, Economies, Business Setup |url=https://www.cekindo.com/blog/doing-business-in-medan |date=23 July 2021 |access-date=12 July 2022}}</ref> including exports from its 4 million acres of palm oil plantations. The [[Government of Indonesia|National Development Planning Agency]] listed Medan as one of the [[Regions of Indonesia#Development regions|four main central cities in Indonesia]], alongside [[Jakarta]], [[Surabaya]], and [[Makassar]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bappenas.go.id/files/2713/5227/9312/bag-z-74-75-cek__20090130070903__25.doc |title=26. Z. Irian Jaya |website=bappenas.go.id |type=Word DOC |language=id |access-date=16 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705115720/https://www.bappenas.go.id/files/2713/5227/9312/bag-z-74-75-cek__20090130070903__25.doc |archive-date=5 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MMaqCLchf9UC&pg=PT114 |title=Geografi |publisher=Grasindo |isbn=9789797596194 |access-date=19 August 2019 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805101052/https://books.google.com/books?id=MMaqCLchf9UC&pg=PT114 |url-status=live }}</ref>
▲As of the 2020 Census, Medan had a population of 2,435,252 within its [[city limits]];<ref name="bps2016">{{Cite web |url=https://sumut.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2017/10/03/60/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-jenis-kelamin-dan-kabupaten-kota-sumatera-utara-2011-2016.html |title=Jumlah Penduduk menurut Jenis Kelamin dan Kabupaten/Kota Sumatra Utara 2011–2016 |date=3 October 2017 |website=Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Sumatra Utara |language=id |access-date=8 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518051911/https://sumut.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2017/10/03/60/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-jenis-kelamin-dan-kabupaten-kota-sumatera-utara-2011-2016.html |archive-date=18 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2021">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.</ref> the official population estimate as of mid 2023 was 2,474,166 - comprising 1,231,673 males and 1,242,493.<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2024">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kota Medan Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.1271)</ref> When the surrounding [[urban area]] is included, the population is over 3.4 million, making it the [[List of metropolitan areas in Indonesia#Built-up urban areas|fourth largest urban area in Indonesia]].<ref name="Demographia">{{cite web |title=Demographia World Urban Areas, 14th Annual Edition |url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207210003/http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |archive-date=7 February 2020 |date=April 2019 |access-date=9 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Medan metropolitan area]]—which includes neighbouring [[Binjai]], [[Deli Serdang Regency]], and a part of [[Karo Regency]]—is the largest metropolitan area outside of [[Java]], with 4,744,323 residents counted in the 2020 Census.<ref name="mebidangro">{{Cite web |url=http://perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id/n/metropolitan/2 |title=PU-net |access-date=18 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518051906/http://perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id/n/metropolitan/2 |archive-date=18 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
The city was founded at the confluence of the [[Deli River]] and the Babura river by a [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karonese]] man named Guru Patimpus. Then called ''Kampung Medan Putri'', it became part of the [[Deli Sultanate]], established in 1632. In the late 19th century, [[Dutch East Indies|colonial Dutch]] seeking new plantation areas chose Medan and Deli as plantation hubs to found the [[Deli Company]]. Within a few years, the Dutch [[tobacco]] trade transformed Medan into an economic hub, earning it the nickname {{lang|nl|Het Land Dollar}} ("the land of the money"). The [[Deli Railway]], established to ship tobacco, [[rubber]], [[tea]], [[timber]], [[Palm oil production in Indonesia|palm oil]], and [[sugar]] from Medan to the [[Port of Belawan]] for worldwide export, brought further rapid development to Medan. The city became first the capital of the [[State of East Sumatra]], and then the provincial capital of North Sumatra.
== Nomenclature ==
The term ''medan'' might be derived from a [[Batak Karo language|Batak Karo]] word {{transl|btx|madan}} ({{lang|btx|ᯔᯑᯉ᯳}}), which literally means 'healed', 'blessed', or 'recovered'.<ref name="KB">{{cite book |last= Joustra |first= M. |date= 1907 |title= Karo-Bataksch Woordenboek |trans-title= Karo Batak dictionary |url=https://www.e-hsl.com/sources?sourceID=Joustra+1907 |language=nl |location= |publisher= |isbn=}}</ref> The term is associated with the historical Karo Batak figure and founder of the city, Guru Patimpus, who was well-known as a "healer" or traditional doctor. The oldest evidence of this term used to refer to the city dates back to {{circa}} 13th-15th century
There is also a popular theory that ''medan'' is of [[Malay language|Malay]] origin, literally meaning 'field'. The term ''medan'' ({{lang|ms|مدان}}) in Malay might be derived from [[Malayalam]] {{transl|ml|
==History==
[[File:Monumen Guru Patimpus Sembiring Pelawi (II).jpg|thumb|left|Guru Patimpus, the founder of Medan]]
Medan is located in what was once the [[Aru Kingdom|Kingdom of Aru]], founded by the Karo people and flourishing between the 13th and 16th centuries.<ref name="Archaeology Highlands of Sumatra-Aru">{{cite book |title=From Distant Tales: Archaeology and Ethnohistory in the Highlands of Sumatra |editor1=Dominik Bonatz |editor2=John Miksic |editor2-link=John N. Miksic |editor3=J. David Neidel |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4438-0784-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MusYBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA110 |access-date=5 October 2020 |archive-date=28 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201228142248/https://books.google.com/books?id=MusYBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA110 |url-status=live}}</ref> A number of archaeological sites survive near Medan, including Kota Rentang, a port settlement in the [[Hamparan Perak]] area;<ref name="Kompas-Aru">{{cite news |work=Kompas.com |title=Menelusuri Jejak Kerajaan Aru |date=23 August 2008 |author=Juraidi |url=http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2008/08/23/14084531/menelusuri.jejak.kerajaan.aru |language=id |access-date=12 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917215211/http://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2008/08/23/14084531/menelusuri.jejak.kerajaan.aru |archive-date=17 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kota Cina, an ancient trading site in [[Medan Marelan]];<ref>{{cite web |title=Museum Kota Cina, Situs Awal Perdagangan Penting di Pantai Timur Sumatera Abad XI |date=3 January 2016 |work=SeMedan.com |url=https://www.semedan.com/2016/01/museum-kota-cina-situs-awal-perdagangan-penting-di-pantai-timur-sumatera-abad-xi.html |language=id |access-date=12 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714092651/https://www.semedan.com/2016/01/museum-kota-cina-situs-awal-perdagangan-penting-di-pantai-timur-sumatera-abad-xi.html |archive-date=14 July 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> and Benteng Putri Hijau, a fort ruin in [[Deli Tua]].<ref name="Oetomo">{{cite web |title=Benteng Putri Hijau Berdasarkan Data Sejarah dan Arkeologi |author=Repelita Wahyu Oetomo |date=8 June 2014 |url=http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbaceh/2014/06/08/benteng-putri-hijau-berdasarkan-data-sejarah-dan-arkeologis/ |language=id |access-date=12 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128044042/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbaceh/2014/06/08/benteng-putri-hijau-berdasarkan-data-sejarah-dan-arkeologis/ |archive-date=28 January 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
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[[Sultan Ma'mun Al Rashid Perkasa Alamyah]], who ruled from 1873 to 1924, moved the kingdom's capital to Medan. He became known as the builder of early Medan, finishing the construction of the [[Maimun Palace]] in 1888 and building the [[Great Mosque of Medan]] in 1907. In 1898, a Dutch businessman named [[Hotel de Boer|Aeint Herman de Boer]] built [[Hotel de Boer]] to accommodate the cruise ships of European tourists which had begun to visit Medan.
During the 1942 [[Dutch East Indies campaign]], the Japanese entered Medan on bicycles and occupied the city. The handover of power was chaotic, but through the use of the [[Kempetai]]
[[File:The Allied Occupation of Sumatra SE7515.jpg|thumb|left|British Indian soldiers land in East Sumatra to help the Dutch end the Japanese occupation in Medan.]]
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Developments of the 1970s, especially [[palm oil]] and [[Natural rubber|rubber]] plantations, made Medan the busiest city outside Java, with the [[transmigration program]] bringing many [[Javanese people|Javanese]] and [[Batak]] migrants.
In May
On 5 September 2005, [[Mandala Airlines Flight 091]] stalled a minute after taking off from Medan's old [[Polonia International Airport]] for a flight to Jakarta. The aircraft crashed into a heavily populated residential area along Djamin Ginting road in ''Padang Bulan''. Of the 117 passengers and crews on board, only 17 survived, and an additional 49 civilians on the ground were killed.<ref name="ASN">{{cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737–230 PK-RIM Medan-Polonia Airport (MES)|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20050905-0|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref> As a result, [[Kualanamu International Airport]] was built in [[Deli Serdang]] to replace the old airport, with construction finished in 2012. After the move to the new airport, [[height restriction laws]] in Medan were relaxed.
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===Climate===
Under the [[Köppen climate classification]], Medan features a [[tropical rainforest climate]] (''Af'') with no real [[dry season]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=53069&cityname=Medan%2C+Sumatera+Utara%2C+Indonesia&units= |title=Medan, Indonesia Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase) |work=Weatherbase |access-date=4 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926043430/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=53069&cityname=Medan%2C+Sumatera+Utara%2C+Indonesia&units= |archive-date=26 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> Its driest month (January) on average sees about one-third the precipitation of its wettest month (October), with a total annual precipitation of about {{cvt|2,200|mm|abbr=off}}. Autumn (September - November) is the rainiest season, and the temperature is still coolest in winter (December and January). Temperatures in the city average approximately {{cvt|27|C|F}} throughout the year.
{{Weather box|width=auto
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| publisher = Meteomanz
| access-date = 22 March 2024}}</ref>
|source 2 = Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System (extremes)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.globalbioclimatics.org/station/in-polon.htm |title=INDONESIA – POLONIA |last=Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System |website=www.globalbioclimatics.org |access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref> WeatherOnline (sun, 2010–2019)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.weatheronline.co.uk/weather/maps/city?FMM=1&FYY=2010&LMM=12&LYY=2019&WMO=96035&CONT=asie®ION=0027&LAND=ID&ART=SOS&R=0&NOREGION=1&LEVEL=162&LANG=en&MOD=tab |title=Total Hours of Sunshine – Medan – Climate Robot Indonesia |website=www.weatheronline.co.uk |access-date=2020-04-15 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803202210/https://www.weatheronline.co.uk/weather/maps/city?FMM=1&FYY=2010&LMM=12&LYY=2019&WMO=96035&CONT=asie®ION=0027&LAND=ID&ART=SOS&R=0&NOREGION=1&LEVEL=162&LANG=en&MOD=tab |url-status=live }}</ref>
|date=November 2014|Apr record high C=37.2|Apr record low C=19.4|Aug record high C=37.2|Aug record low C=18.3|Dec record high C=34.4|Dec record low C=18.3|Feb record high C=36.1|Feb record low C=18.3|Jan record high C=35.0|Jan record low C=18.3|Jul record high C=37.2|Jul record low C=16.1|Jun record high C=37.2|Jun record low C=17.2|Mar record high C=36.1|Mar record low C=18.3|May record high C=36.1|May record low C=18.3|Nov record high C=35.0|Nov record low C=15.5|Oct record high C=35.0|Oct record low C=17.7|Sep record high C=36.1|Sep record low C=18.8}}
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Immigration from southern China to Deli began in the 16th century, and accelerated in the 19th and early 20th centuries as immigrants sought employment as planters and coolies. Medan is home to the largest [[Chinese Indonesians|Chinese]] population in Sumatra, mostly concentrated around the city centre. Most Chinese people in Medan speak [[Medan Hokkien]], a local dialect, but many also speak [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]], [[Teochew dialect|Teochew]], or [[Cantonese]].
[[Minangkabau people|Minangkabau]] came to Medan since the late of the 19th century. Minangs migration surged from the 1960s to the 1980s, becoming 10.9% of the population and founding [[Padang cuisine|Padang restaurants]] throughout the city. Most Minangkabau people in Medan speak [[Minangkabau language|Minangkabau]]. They are mostly concentrated around the city centre, near Central Market (''Pajak Sentral''), Kota Matsum and Sukaramai.<ref>Usman Pelly, Urbanisasi dan Adaptasi: Peranan Misi Budaya Minangkabau dan Mandailing, LP3ES, 1994</ref>
Many [[Acehnese people|Acehnese]] sought sanctuary in Medan after the [[insurgency in Aceh]] in the late 1970s. They now own a number of [[Mie aceh|Mie Aceh]] restaurants around the Setia Budi and Sunggal areas. Most speak [[Acehnese language|Acehnese]], and [[Gayo language|Gayonese]] is also common.
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}}
Most of Medan's inhabitants are [[Islam|Muslim]], accounting for approximately 65 percent of the population. The substantial [[Christianity|Christian]] demographic (about 25 percent of the total population) includes [[Catholic]]s, [[Methodist]]s, and [[Lutheran]]s,
[[Gunung Timur Temple]], on [[Hang_Tuah#In_Malaysia|Jalan Hang Tuah]], is Medan's oldest [[Taoist]] temple. [[Maha Vihara Maitreya]], on Jalan Cemara Asri, is the largest [[Buddhist temple]] in southeast Asia. The city's oldest church, [[Medan Cathedral]], on Jalan Pemuda, was originally built as {{lang|nl|Indische Kerk}} by the Dutch and Indian community. [[Sri Mariamman Temple, Medan|Sri Mariamman Temple]], on Jalan Zainul Arifin in [[Kampung Madras]], is the city's oldest Hindu temple, built around 1881; it is surrounded by over a hundred statues of various deities. [[Graha Maria Annai Velangkanni]], a Catholic church in an Indo-Mogul style, was built on Jalan Sakura III in 2005, dedicated to a [[Marian apparition]] in 17th century [[Tamil Nadu]]. At one point before and during the Japanese occupation of the city, Japanese migrants created a [[Shinto]] shrine, [[Hirohara Shrine]], to accommodate the increasing worshipers of Japanese residents.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Dibeli Pemprov Sumut, Medan Club Sudah Ditetapkan Sebagai Cagar Budaya oleh Pemko Medan |url=https://medan.tribunnews.com/2023/01/23/dibeli-pemprov-sumut-medan-club-sudah-ditetapkan-sebagai-cagar-budaya-oleh-pemko-medan |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Tribun-medan.com |language=id-ID}}</ref> It was later rebuilt during the Japanese occupation of the city in 1944 to accommodate the mandatory worship by locals.<ref name=":11" /> The former shrine still stands as the last [[Shinto shrine]] in [[Southeast Asia]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=スマトラ.メダンにある日本の歴史遺産 紘原神社 - 「老人タイムス」私説 |url=https://blog.goo.ne.jp/bagus_2006/e/cc1381a7995a54876d386294b62930f4 |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=goo blog |language=ja}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last1=Inamiya |first1=Yasuhito |url=https://www.kokusho.co.jp/np/isbn/9784336063427/ |title=非文字資料研究叢書２ 「神国」の残影｜国書刊行会 |last2=Nakajima |first2=Michio |date=November 2019 |publisher=Kokusho Publishing Association |isbn=978-4-336-06342-7 |language=ja |trans-title=Remnants of “Sacred Country” {{!}} Photographic Records of Sites of Overseas Shrines |access-date=2023-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801155416/https://www.kokusho.co.jp/np/isbn/9784336063427/ |archive-date=2023-08-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed" heights="115">
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File:View Toward Main Hall, Vihara Gunung Timur, Medan, Sumatra.jpg|[[Gunung Timur Temple]] (Taoist)
File:Graha Maria Annai Velangkanni Medan.jpg|[[Graha Maria Annai Velangkanni]] (Catholic)
File:Hirohara Jinja's Haiden.jpg|[[Hirohara Shrine|Hirohara Jinja]] (formerly [[Shinto]])
</gallery>
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[[File:KNO Medan apron.JPG|left|thumb|[[Kualanamu International Airport]]]]
The [[Kualanamu International Airport]] (KNO) opened on 25 July 2013 as a replacement for the [[Soewondo Air Force Base|Polonia Airport]]. Located {{convert|39|km|mi|abbr=on}} from downtown Medan, it is Indonesia's first airport with [[Kualanamu Airport Rail Link|a direct rail link]] to the city. The airport has a {{cvt|224298|
===Seaport===
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* Singapore Intercultural Schools Medan
* SMA Negeri 1 Medan (state-owned high school)
*
* SMA Negeri 3 Medan (state-owned high school)
* SMA Negeri 4 Medan (state-owned high school)
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=== Universities and Colleges ===
[[File:Gedung Pascasarana Universitas Negeri Medan - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The State University of Medan, a [[Postgraduate education|postgraduate]] campus]]
Medan's 72 registered universities,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.4icu.org/id/north-sumatra/|title=Top Universities in North Sumatra|date=10 January 2022|newspaper=UniRank|access-date=30 August 2022}}</ref>
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*Dharmawangsa University
Line 719 ⟶ 720:
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Chengdu]], [[Sichuan Province]], [[China]] (17 December 2002)<ref name=ChenduSisterCities>{{cite web|title=Chengdu Sister and partner cities|url=http://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/city-profile-exchange-activities/our-sister-cities-a2101.html|access-date=19 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619055314/http://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/city-profile-exchange-activities/our-sister-cities-a2101.html|archive-date=19 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Milwaukee]], [[Wisconsin]], [[United States]] (30 October 2014)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://onmilwaukee.com/buzz/articles/sistercitymedan.html |title=City will host Indonesian sister city signing ceremony Thursday |date=28 October 2014 |publisher=onMilwaukee.com |type=online magazine, press release |access-date=16 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104055213/http://onmilwaukee.com/buzz/articles/sistercitymedan.html |archive-date=4 November 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>
==See also==
{{portal|Indonesia}}
* [[Medan metropolitan area]]
==References==
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