Medan: Difference between revisions

{{Short description|City and capital of North Sumatra, Indonesia}}

{{About|the city in Indonesia}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<!-- Please consider using formal English instead of localized English, for Indonesians. This is because this is the English Wikipedia, not the Simple English Wikipedia. --><!-- If wanting to put out information regarding the city of Medan in terms of culinary, tourism, etc., consider only highlighting main focuses. Full information for tourists should be put at Wikivoyage. -->

{{Infobox settlement

| leader_title1 = Vice Mayor

| leader_name1 = {{ill|Aulia Rachman|id}}

| area_urban_km2 = 478

| area_metro_km2 = 2,831.97

| elevation_m = 2.5–37.5

| elevation_ft = 8–123

| population_density_km2 = auto

| population_urban = 3,632,000 ([[List of Indonesian cities by population|4th]])

'''Medan''' ({{IPAc-en|m|ɛ|ˈ|d|ɑː|n}} {{respell|meh|DAHN}}, {{IPA-id|mɛˈdan|lang|Id-Medan.ogg}}) is the [[capital city|capital]] and largest city of the [[Indonesia]]n [[Provinces of Indonesia|province]] of [[North Sumatra]].<ref name="Kumar Mishra Avtar Chakraborty 2021 pp. 585–596">{{cite book |last1=Kumar |first1=Pankaj |last2=Mishra |first2=Binaya Kumar |last3=Avtar |first3=Ram |last4=Chakraborty |first4=Shamik |title=Global Groundwater |chapter=Quantifying future water environment using numerical simulations: a scenario-based approach for sustainable groundwater management plan in Medan, Indonesia |publisher=Elsevier |year=2021 |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-818172-0.00043-8 |pages=585–596 |isbn=9780128181720 |s2cid=230551984 |quote=Medan is the capital city of North Sumatra province.}}</ref> The nearby [[Strait of Malacca]], [[Port of Belawan]], and [[Kualanamu International Airport]] make Medan a regional hub and multicultural metropolis, acting as a [[financial centre]] for [[Sumatra]] and a gateway to the western part of Indonesia. About 60% of the economy in North Sumatra is backed by trading, agriculture, and processing industries,<ref name="Medan Business">{{cite web |title=Medan Business: Top Sectors, Economies, Business Setup |url=https://www.cekindo.com/blog/doing-business-in-medan |date=23 July 2021 |access-date=12 July 2022}}</ref> including exports from its 4 million acres of palm oil plantations. The [[Government of Indonesia|National Development Planning Agency]] listed Medan as one of the [[Regions of Indonesia#Development regions|four main central cities in Indonesia]], alongside [[Jakarta]], [[Surabaya]], and [[Makassar]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bappenas.go.id/files/2713/5227/9312/bag-z-74-75-cek__20090130070903__25.doc |title=26. Z. Irian Jaya |website=bappenas.go.id |type=Word DOC |language=id |access-date=16 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705115720/https://www.bappenas.go.id/files/2713/5227/9312/bag-z-74-75-cek__20090130070903__25.doc |archive-date=5 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MMaqCLchf9UC&pg=PT114 |title=Geografi |publisher=Grasindo |isbn=9789797596194 |access-date=19 August 2019 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805101052/https://books.google.com/books?id=MMaqCLchf9UC&pg=PT114 |url-status=live }}</ref>

 

 

The city was founded at the confluence of the [[Deli River]] and the Babura river by a [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karonese]] man named Guru Patimpus. Then called ''Kampung Medan Putri'', it became part of the [[Deli Sultanate]], established in 1632. In the late 19th century, [[Dutch East Indies|colonial Dutch]] seeking new plantation areas chose Medan and Deli as plantation hubs to found the [[Deli Company]]. Within a few years, the Dutch [[tobacco]] trade transformed Medan into an economic hub, earning it the nickname {{lang|nl|Het Land Dollar}} ("the land of the money"). The [[Deli Railway]], established to ship tobacco, [[rubber]], [[tea]], [[timber]], [[Palm oil production in Indonesia|palm oil]], and [[sugar]] from Medan to the [[Port of Belawan]] for worldwide export, brought further rapid development to Medan. The city became first the capital of the [[State of East Sumatra]], and then the provincial capital of North Sumatra.

 

==Geography==

 

Medan's elevation varies between {{cvt|2.5|and|37.5|m|abbr=out}} above sea level, with the [[Barisan Mountains]] to the south, and volcanoes such as [[Sibayak]] Mountain and [[Sinabung]] Mountain {{cvt|50|to|70|km|abbr=off}} from the city.{{cn|date=September 2023}}

===Administrative divisions===

[[File:Peta Lokasi Kecamatan Kota Medan.svg|thumb|left|District divisions of Medan]]

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! Pop'n<br>Census<br>2010

! Pop'n<br>Census<br>2020

! Ref

|-

|style="text-align:left;"|Medan (City)

|2,097,610

|2,435,252

|<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Sumatera Utara|url=http://sumut.bps.go.id/frontend/linkTabelStatis/view/id/499|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209154742/http://sumut.bps.go.id/frontend/linkTabelStatis/view/id/499|archive-date=9 December 2016|access-date=25 November 2016|website=sumut.bps.go.id}}</ref>

|-

|style="text-align:left;"|[[Binjai]] (City)

|246,154

|291,842

|<ref name=":0" />

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|style="text-align:left;"|[[Deli Serdang Regency]]

|1,790,431

|1,931,441

|<ref name=":0" />

|-

|86,244

|98,328

|<ref name=":0" />

|-

|style="text-align:left;"|'''Greater Medan'''

|'''4,220,439'''

|'''4,756,863'''

|<ref name=":0" />

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