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[[Sultan Ma'mun Al Rashid Perkasa Alamyah]], who ruled from 1873 to 1924, moved the kingdom's capital to Medan. He became known as the builder of early Medan, finishing the construction of the [[Maimun Palace]] in 1888 and building the [[Great Mosque of Medan]] in 1907. In 1898, a Dutch businessman named [[Hotel de Boer|Aeint Herman de Boer]] built [[Hotel de Boer]] to accommodate the cruise ships of European tourists which had begun to visit Medan.
During the 1942 [[Dutch East Indies campaign]], the Japanese entered Medan on bicycles and occupied the city. The handover of power was chaotic, but through the use of the [[Kempetai]]. Locals of Medan were subjected to enforced Japanese language and worship. At one point, the Japanese created a [[Shinto]] shrine, [[Hirohara Shrine]] in 1944, to accommodate the forced worshiping of local residents.<ref name=":11">{{Cite book |last=Saito |first=Shizuo |title=私の軍政記 : インドネシア独立前夜 |date=1 March 1977 |publisher=Japan Indonesia Association |asin=}}</ref> The former shrine still stands as the last Shinto shrine in [[Southeast Asia]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=スマトラ.メダンにある日本の歴史遺産 紘原神社 - 「老人タイムス」私説 |url=https://blog.goo.ne.jp/bagus_2006/e/cc1381a7995a54876d386294b62930f4 |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=goo blog |language=ja}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last1=Inamiya |first1=Yasuhito |url=https://www.kokusho.co.jp/np/isbn/9784336063427/ |title=非文字資料研究叢書２ 「神国」の残影｜国書刊行会 |last2=Nakajima |first2=Michio |date=November 2019 |publisher=Kokusho Publishing Association |isbn=978-4-336-06342-7 |language=ja |trans-title=Remnants of “Sacred Country” {{!}} Photographic Records of Sites of Overseas Shrines |access-date=2023-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801155416/https://www.kokusho.co.jp/np/isbn/9784336063427/ |archive-date=2023-08-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Japanese were able to hold the city until [[surrender of Japan|their surrender]] in 1945. Following that, Medan came under the authority of the [[South East Asia Command]] led by British [[Admiral]] [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Lord Louis Mountbatten]]. With the [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence]] on 17 August, Medan became part of the newly-independent Republic of Indonesia, news announced in Medan on 30 September.
[[File:The Allied Occupation of Sumatra SE7515.jpg|thumb|left|British Indian soldiers land in East Sumatra to help the Dutch end the Japanese occupation in Medan.]]
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