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In the late nineteenth century, liberal Mexican President [[Porfirio Díaz]] embarked on a program of economic modernization that triggered not only a wave of internal migration in Mexico from rural areas to cities, but also Mexican emigration to the United States. A railway network was constructed that connected central Mexico to the US border and also opened up previously isolated regions. The second factor was the shift in land tenure that left Mexican peasants without title or access to land for farming on their own account.<ref>Martín Valadez, "Migration: To the United States", in ''Encyclopedia of Mexico'', vol. 2, p. 890. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997.</ref> For the first time, Mexicans in increasing numbers migrated north into the United States for better economic opportunities. In the early 20th century, the first main period of migration to the United States happened between the 1910s to the 1920s, referred to as the Great Migration.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Garip |first1=Filiz |title=On the Move: Changing Mechanisms of Mexico-US Migration |date=2017 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |pages=Introduction & Chapter 1}}</ref> During this time period the [[Mexican Revolution]] was taking place, creating turmoil within and against the Mexican government causing civilians to seek out economic and political stability in the United States. Over 1.3 million Mexicans relocated to the United States from 1910 well into the 1930s, with significant increases each decade.<ref name="auto"/> Many of these immigrants found agricultural work, being contracted under private laborers.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Zong |first1=Jie |title=Mexican Immigrants in the United States |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/mexican-immigrants-united-states |website=Migration Policy Institute |date=March 17, 2016}}</ref>
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The second period of increased migration is known as the Bracero Era from 1942 to 1964, referring to the [[Bracero program]] implemented by the United States, contracting agricultural labor from Mexico due to labor shortages from the [[World War II]] draft. An estimated 4.6 million Mexican immigrants were pulled into the United States through the Bracero Program from the 1940s to the 1960s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Garip |first1=Filiz |title=On the Move: Changing Mechanisms of Mexico-US Migration |date=2017 |publisher=Princeton University Press |pages=22}}</ref> The lack of agricultural laborers due to increases in military drafts for World War II opened up a chronic need for low wage workers to fill jobs.
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