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{{Short description|Spanish politician and Navarrese public official}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mariano Zufía Urrizalqui
| image = Mariano Zufia.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Zufía in the mid-1970s
| birth_name = Mariano Zufía Urrizalqui<ref>in the 1970s his segundo apellido was at times spelled "Urrizalki", compare ''Hoja Oficial de Lunes'' 11.09.78, available [https://prensahistorica.mcu.es/es/catalogo_imagenes/grupo.do?path=7155615&posicion=6&presentacion=pagina here]</ref>
| birth_date = 1920
| birth_place = [[Pamplona]], Spain
| death_date = {{death year and age|2005|1920}}
| death_place = Pamplona, Spain
| body_discovered =
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==Family and youth==
[[File:Marian Zufia around 1936.jpg|thumb|160px|left|as teenage [[Requetés|requeté]]]]
First representatives of the Zufía family were noted in the Navarrese town of [[Larraga]] in the late 17th century;<ref>''Linaje Suescun'', [in:] ''Antzinako'' service, available [http://www.antzinako.org/RepLinajes/suescunenlarraga.html here]</ref> in the late 18th century a carpenter Miguel Zufía<ref>he was known as “vezino de Larraga”, compare ''Andosilla'' entry, [in:] ''Gran Enciclopedia Navarra'' service, available [http://www.enciclopedianavarra.com/?page_id=3269 here]</ref> rose to the status of a locally known artist.<ref>''El órgano de Larraga'', [in:] ''Diario de Navarra'' 07.01.15, available [https://www.diariodenavarra.es/noticias/navarra/zona_media/2015/01/07/el_organo_larraga_190156_1008.html here]</ref> Close to nothing is known about
Mariano frequented schools in Pamplona and Andoain; in the early 1930s he entered a preparatory college for Seminario Mayor in [[:es:Saturrarán (playa)|Saturrarán]].<ref>López López 2009, p. 15 and passim</ref> Following 2 years he resigned religious career and entered Instituto of Pamplona; the civil war broke out when Zufía was in midst of [[Spanish Baccalaureate|bachillerato]] course.<ref>López López 2009, p. 18</ref> He volunteered to [[Requetés|requeté]], but following 2 months on the frontline in [[Sierra de Guadarrama]] he fell ill and was treated in a hospital in [[Burgos]]. When released he resumed education and completed another grade, until in January 1937 he volunteered to requeté again.<ref>he was probably incorporated into Tercio del Rey, also deployed in the Guadarrama. His biography claims he joined “tercio de Cristo Rey”, López López 2009, p. 22. No such unit existed, though there was “Tercio del Rey”, raised in Navarre</ref> Followed few months he returned home and completed the bachillerato. In late 1938 he applied to aviation school but was rejected due to poor eyesight.<ref>López López 2009, p. 24</ref> Instead, as 18-year-old, he was drafted. Zufía applied to the [[:es:Alférez provisional|alferéz provisional]] school in Pamplona, where he remained assigned until after the war. Following few months of service in [[Valencia]] in late 1939 he resigned from the army and took courses in commerce. In 1942 he was employed at junior position in the Pamplona branch of [[Banco de Bilbao]].<ref>López López 2009, p. 27</ref>
[[File:Mariano Zufia 1948.jpg|thumb|160px|wedding photo, 1947]]
In 1947 Zufía married Rosalia Sanz Gurbindo<ref>López López 2009, p. 31</ref> (died 2011);<ref>''Esquela online de Rosalia Sanz Gurbindo'', [in:] ''Rememori'' service, available [https://www.rememori.com/392833:rosalia_sanz_gurbindo here]</ref> none of the sources consulted provides information either on her or on her family. Until 1948 they lived in Pamplona, then following
==Early public engagements (prior to 1960)==
[[File:Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg|thumbnail|left|Carlist standard]]
Both
Zufía refused to accept the [[Unification Decree (Spain, 1937)|unification]] into [[FET y de las JONS|Falange Española Tradicionalista]]; at the time he was in personal entourage of José María Zaldivar Arenzana, the fiercely anti-falangist AET jefe.<ref>López López 2009, p. 24</ref> He judged that [[Francisco Franco|Franco]] had cynically used the Carlists.<ref>“Mariano Zufía estaba convencido de que Franco les había utilizado para conseguir sus propios objetivos políticos”, Manuel Martorell Pérez, ''La continuidad ideológica del carlismo tras la Guerra Civil'' [PhD thesis in Historia Contemporanea, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia], Valencia 2009, p. 165</ref> When released from a new period of military service, spent in the [[Canary Islands]] as at the time Spain feared [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] invasion on the archipelago,<ref>López López 2009, p. 27</ref> in 1944 he was taking part in anti-[[Francoism|Francoist]] rallies, staged in Pamplona. Following one of them he got detained; on charges of raising “gritos subversivos” the administration ordered his 6-month forced settlement in [[Zaragoza]].<ref>López López 2009, p. 27, Josep Miralles Climent, ''La rebeldía carlista. Memoria de una represión silenciada: Enfrentamientos, marginación y persecución durante la primera mitad del régimen franquista (1936-1955)'', Madrid 2018, ISBN 9788416558711, p. 246, Aurora Villanueva Martínez, ''El carlismo navarro durante el primer franquismo, 1937-1951'', Madrid 1998, ISBN 9788487863714, p. 228</ref> Upon his return to the Navarrese capital he immediately resumed opposition activities; they climaxed in a grand Carlist rally of December 1945, which ended up in a melee and the city turned into battleground between the Carlists and the security forces. Zufía was again detained and spent 2 weeks behind bars; as charges of possession of firearms have not been proven, he was eventually released.<ref>López López 2009, p. 27, Miralles Climent 2018, p. 262</ref>
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Following more than a year in Madrid Zufía returned to Pamplona in 1977; within the federative structure of Partido Carlista he assumed jefatura of its vasco-navarrese branch, [[Carlist Party of Euskal Herria|Euskadiko Karlista Alderdia]]; he also held the seat in Consejo Federal del Partido Carlista.<ref>López López 2009, p. 49</ref> His efforts focused on formal registration of the party so that it could take part in forthcoming general elections. In April he and some 100 PC militants stormed the Consejo Foral building, declared occupation of the premises, displayed [[Ikurriña|Basque]] and Carlist flags and demanded legalization of PC. Some Consejo members demanded his expulsion from the body, but eventually the motion came to nothing.<ref>López López 2009, p. 51, Jeremy MacClancy, ''The Decline of Carlism'', Reno 2000, ISBN 978-0874173444 , p. 192, Miralles Climent 2015, p. 466</ref> In May 1977 he delivered one of his rare addresses at a mass rally, namely to the crowd of party followers gathered – instead of the suspended Montejurra ascent<ref>López López 2009, p. 52</ref> – in [[Javier, Spain|Javier]].<ref>''Información Mensual'' IV/1977, available [https://prensahistorica.mcu.es/es/catalogo%20imagenes/grupo.do?path=3107591&posicion=3&presentacion=pagina here]; prior to 1977 Zufía has never spoken at Montejurra, Caspistegui Gorasurreta 1997, pp. 302-303</ref> As a PC representative he held talks with ETA, reportedly to ensure peaceful electoral campaign.<ref>López López 2009, pp. 50-51</ref> At times he appeared at rallies beyond Navarre, e.g. in [[Catalonia]].<ref>where he spoke in Basque, ''Hoja Oficial de la Provincia de Barcelona'' 21.02.77, available [https://prensahistorica.mcu.es/es/catalogo_imagenes/grupo.do?path=1000225781&posicion=9&presentacion=pagina here]</ref>
[[File:ToledoElecciones15Jun77.jpg|thumb|[[1977 Spanish general election|general elections, 1977]]]]
PC has not been registered prior to [[1977 Spanish general election|elections]] and it campaigned as “Agrupación Electoral Montejurra”;<ref>MacClancy 2000, p. 192</ref> Zufía headed the list of PC candidates to the lower chamber in Navarre,<ref>''BOE'' 120 (1977), available [http://www.juntaelectoralcentral.es/cs/jec/documentos/GENERALES_1977_Candidaturas.pdf here]</ref> but with 8,451 votes it failed.<ref>López López 2009, p. 51</ref> In late 1977 he co-organized Carlos
==Party leader (1979-1983)==
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|Description = [[José María Zavala Castella|José Ma Zavala]]
}}
Following disastrous electoral result of 1979 most PC high executives, including its president Carlos Hugo and the secretary general [[José María Zavala Castella|José María Zavala]], resigned. It seemed that the prince, disillusioned and embittered by defeat, was pondering upon dissolution of the party,<ref>MacClancy 2000, p. 199</ref> the option incomprehensible to old militants like Zufía.<ref>Miralles Climent 2015, pp. 453-454</ref> Shortly afterwards Carlos Hugo left the party and withdrew from Spanish politics altogether. However, the Partido Carlista congress of November 1979<ref>some claim that in December 1979, Miralles Climent 2015, p. 457</ref> was dominated by these willing to go on. Zufía – who stood out among mostly 30- and 40-year-olds,<ref>in the late 1970s the 1920-born Zufía was among the oldest party militants; among other recognized names, Carles Feliú Travy was born in 1923, José María Zavala Castella in 1924, Josep Badía Tomás in 1925, Juan-Angel Pérez-Nieves Abascal in 1930, Pedro José Zabala Sevilla in 1934, Josep Carles Clemente Balaguer in 1935 and Evaristo Olcina Jiménez in 1938</ref> former requeté, man of proven party record, longtime Navarrese official, member of Parlamento Foral and a local known personality - was elected the new secretario general. He had no counter-candidate and was voted unanimously.<ref>López López 2009, p. 78</ref> As the position of party president has been abolished, Zufía effectively became the leader of Partido Carlista; at the same time he vacated the position of EKA secretary general.<ref>it was assumed by Luis Ramón Fernández del Pino, ''Hoja Oficial de Lunes'' 11.05.81, available [https://prensahistorica.mcu.es/es/catalogo_imagenes/grupo.do?path=2000992997&posicion=35&presentacion=pagina here]</ref> He declared that Carlos Hugo abandoned the party
Most information on
[[File:Cartell PCV.png|thumb|160px|PC
Within Partido Carlista Zufía's task was to combat defeatism in the party ranks.<ref>especially that rumors had it that PC would soon merge either with PNV or PSOE, ''Hoja Oficial de Lunes'' 07.04.80, available [https://prensahistorica.mcu.es/es/catalogo_imagenes/grupo.do?path=7154388&posicion=6&presentacion=pagina here]</ref> However, he failed to stop disintegration of the electoral social base.<ref>at the Zufía-led Montejurra ascents of 1980 and 1981 there were merely 1,000 militants attending, ''Hoja Oficial de Lunes'' 05.05.80, available [https://prensahistorica.mcu.es/es/catalogo_imagenes/grupo.do?path=2000992944&posicion=27&presentacion=pagina here]; others claimed 2,000, see MacClancy 2000, p. 275</ref> During [[1982 Spanish general election|electoral campaign of 1982]] Zufía initially headed the PC list for the [[Senate of Spain|Senate]],<ref>''Meditarraneo'' 19.09.82, available [https://prensahistorica.mcu.es/es/catalogo_imagenes/grupo.do?path=5082388&posicion=27&presentacion=pagina here]</ref> but it was eventually withdrawn<ref>''Partido Carlista de Euskadi'' entry, [in:] ''Gran Enciclopedia Navarra'', available [http://www.enciclopedianavarra.com/?page_id=16281 here]</ref> and the party did not take part in elections.<ref>"the party did not participate in the general elections of 1982", MacClancy 2000, p. 201</ref> During the local Navarrese elections of 1983 the party garnered 2,55% of the votes<ref>MacClancy 2000, p. 201</ref> compared to 4,79% collected in 1979. Zufía led the Carlist list<ref>the list included 54 candidates, ''BO de Navarra'' 45, available [http://www.juntaelectoralcentral.es/cs/jec/documentos/NAVARRA%201983%20Candidaturas.pdf here]</ref> and failed; hence, his term of the Parlamento Foral member came to the end and Partido Carlista lost its only representative in self-governmental Navarrese structures.<ref>López López 2009, p. 83</ref> He acknowledged defeat and in 1983 resigned as secretario general.<ref>López López 2009, p. 88</ref> In 1984 the new rules adopted by the Navarrese parliament specified that president of Cámara de Comptos must not be member of any political party.<ref>López López 2009, p. 90</ref> Forced to make choices, Zufía opted for the administrative career and in 1985 he resigned his membership in Partido Carlista.<ref>López López 2009, p. 91</ref> The same year thanks to PSOE votes he was re-elected as president of the Cámara.<ref>López López 2009, p. 90</ref>
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* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uhK1ER3B4Hg ''Por Dios y por España''; contemporary Carlist propaganda]
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Zufía Urrizalqui, Mariano}}▼
[[Category:Basque Carlist politicians]]
[[Category:Carlists]]
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[[Category:Spanish Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Spanish socialists]]
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]
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