Mariano Zufía Urrizalqui: Difference between revisions

| image = Mariano Zufia.jpg

| caption = Zufía in the mid-1970s

| death_date = {{death year and age|2005|1920}}

First representatives of the Zufía family were noted in the Navarrese town of [[Larraga]] in the late 17th century;<ref>''Linaje Suescun'', [in:] ''Antzinako'' service, available [http://www.antzinako.org/RepLinajes/suescunenlarraga.html here]</ref> in the late 18th century a carpenter Miguel Zufía<ref>he was known as “vezino de Larraga”, compare ''Andosilla'' entry, [in:] ''Gran Enciclopedia Navarra'' service, available [http://www.enciclopedianavarra.com/?page_id=3269 here]</ref> rose to the status of a locally known artist.<ref>''El órgano de Larraga'', [in:] ''Diario de Navarra'' 07.01.15, available [https://www.diariodenavarra.es/noticias/navarra/zona_media/2015/01/07/el_organo_larraga_190156_1008.html here]</ref> Close to nothing is known about Mariano’sMariano's great-grandfather José Miguel Zufía Guerendiáin.<ref>Zufía Guerendiáin was born Larraga and married to Javiera García Ibánez, ''José Miguel Zufía Guerendiáin'' entry, [in:] ''Geni'' genealogical service, available [https://www.geni.com/people/Jos%C3%A9-Miguel-Zuf%C3%ADa-Guerendi%C3%A1in/6000000165182022821 here]</ref> His son and Mariano’sMariano's grandfather Mariano Brígido Zufía García<ref>Zufía García was born Larraga and married to Guillerma Saenz González, ''Mariano Brígido Zufía García'' entry, [in:] ''Geni'' genealogical service, available [https://www.geni.com/people/Mar%C3%ADa-Bibiana-Zuf%C3%ADa-Saenz/6000000165350393869 here]</ref> left Larraga and moved to Pamplona either in the late 1880s or early 1890s;<ref>first children of Zufía García were born in Larraga (until 1888); last ones were born in Pamplona (since 1891)</ref> sources refer to his “modest” social standing.<ref>Juan Carlos López López, ''Biografía Mariano Zufía'', s.l. 2009, p. 15</ref> His son and Mariano’sMariano's father, Lázaro Zufía Saenz (1892-1958) was born already in the Navarrese capital;<ref>''Lázaro Zufía Sanz'' entry, [in:] ''Geni'' genealogical service, available [https://www.geni.com/people/L%C3%A1zaro-Zuf%C3%ADa-Saenz/6000000165179925998 here]</ref> he had to earn a living at the young age and became a railway man, rising to “jefe de estación” in [[Andoain]], [[Leitza|Leiza]] and Pamplona-Empalme.<ref>López López 2009, p. 15</ref> At unspecified time he married a Pamplonese girl from the family of similar status, Matilde Urrizalqui Campos.<ref>López López 2009, pp. 15-16</ref> The couple lived at various locations in [[Gipuzkoa]] and Navarre following the professional lot of Lázaro; Matilde used to run a buffet for train passengers. They had 4 children; out of these, 2 died in infancy.<ref>López López 2009, p. 15</ref>

In 1947 Zufía married Rosalia Sanz Gurbindo<ref>López López 2009, p. 31</ref> (died 2011);<ref>''Esquela online de Rosalia Sanz Gurbindo'', [in:] ''Rememori'' service, available [https://www.rememori.com/392833:rosalia_sanz_gurbindo here]</ref> none of the sources consulted provides information either on her or on her family. Until 1948 they lived in Pamplona, then following Zufía’sZufía's professional bank assignments in [[Tudela, Navarre|Tudela]] (1948-1951), [[Estella-Lizarra|Estella]] (1951-1953) and again in Tudela (1953-1959), where Zufía became director of the local Banco de Bilbao office. In 1959 they returned to Pamplona as Zufía was appointed deputy-manager of the BdB branch in the Navarrese capital.<ref>López López 2009, p. 31</ref> The couple had 7 children, born between 1948 and 1963; Mariano, José Javier, Carlos, Mertxe, Rosa, Pablo and Enrique Zufía Sanz.<ref>Mariano was born in 1948, José Javier in 1951, Carlos in 1954, Mertxe in 1957, Rosa in 1958, Pablo in 1962, and Enrique in 1963, López López 2009, pp. 31, 35</ref> None of them became a widely known public figure. Rosa Zufía Sanz is locally recognized in Gipuzkoa as a journalist related to the Basque broadcaster [[:es:Euskal Telebista|ETB]]<ref>''Zufia Sanz, Rosa'' antry, [in:] ''Aunamendi Eusko Entziklopedia'' service, available [https://aunamendi.eusko-ikaskuntza.eus/es/zufia-sanz-rosa/ar-152382/ here]</ref> and director of its culture section, EITB Kultura-Transit,<ref>''Rosa Zufia Sanz'', [in:] ''ContactOut'' service, available [https://www.contactout.com/Rosa-ZufiaSanz-50917106 here]</ref> while Carlos Zufía Sanz as co-director of a Navarrese media think-tank CIES occasionally takes part in related conferences or other events.<ref>''CIES Estudios de Opinión y de Mercado Premio ‘Sociedad y Valores Humanos 2010'', [in:] ''Auzolan'' 34 (2010), available [https://www.colsocpona.org/documentos/auzolan/BoletinAuzolan34.pdf here]</ref>

Both Zufía’sZufía's parents came from Carlist families and were Carlists themselves.<ref>López López 2009, p. 15</ref> His father was member of Traditionalist trade unions and under the pen-name “Rozala Afizu” he contributed to Traditionalist dailies, ''[[:es:El Pensamiento Navarro|El Pensamiento Navarro]]'' and ''[[:es:La Constancia (1897-1936)|La Constancia]]''.<ref>López López 2009, pp. 15-16</ref> Already in his early teens the young Mariano engaged in the movement; he joined Muthiko Alaiak, the folk group animated by the iconic Pamplonese Carlist [[Ignacio Baleztena Ascárate|Ignacio Baleztena]], he played football in the amateur team formed by boys from the local Carlist círculo,<ref>López López 2009, p. 16</ref> entered [[:es:Agrupación Escolar Tradicionalista|Agrupación Escolar Tradicionalista]] and took part in school strikes of 1935-19361935–1936, staged as protests against what was perceived as anti-religious educational policy of the [[Second Spanish Republic|Republic]].<ref>López López 2009, p. 17</ref> A later hagiographic biography underlines Zufía’sZufía's Catholic conviction as the key motive behind his political choice, and suggests that it outweighed some socialist leaning, took after his maternal uncle.<ref>when frequenting Instituto in mid-1930s the adolescent Mariano lived in Pamplona with the family of his maternal uncle, Ramón Urrizalqui Campos (1884-1941); he was a carpenter, a socialist, and an UGT militant, López López 2009, p. 16, compare also ''Sentencia'', [in:] ''Navarra.es'' service, available [http://www.navarra.es/appsext/ArchivoDeNavarra/Ficheros/Descargar.ashx?Fichero=59b%5C140%5Ca5b%5Cead%5C872%5C51a%5C98d%5C5f0%5C638%5C8e6%5C72%5CTRP_SENTENCIAS_Lb.3_N.1358.pdf&Nombre=TRP_SENTENCIAS_Lb.3_N.1358.pdf here], and ''Urrizalqui Campos, Ramon'' entry, [in:] ''Fundación Pablo Iglesias'' service, available [https://fpabloiglesias.es/entrada-db/3930_urrizalqui-campos-ramon/ here]</ref> In the mid-1930s Zufía enlisted to requeté and as an adolescent boy trained with wooden rifle in the hills surrounding Pamplona.<ref>López López 2009, pp. 17-18</ref> He actually served in requeté combat units during two short strings, in the summer of 1936 and in the spring of 1937.

PC has not been registered prior to [[1977 Spanish general election|elections]] and it campaigned as “Agrupación Electoral Montejurra”;<ref>MacClancy 2000, p. 192</ref> Zufía headed the list of PC candidates to the lower chamber in Navarre,<ref>''BOE'' 120 (1977), available [http://www.juntaelectoralcentral.es/cs/jec/documentos/GENERALES_1977_Candidaturas.pdf here]</ref> but with 8,451 votes it failed.<ref>López López 2009, p. 51</ref> In late 1977 he co-organized Carlos Hugo’sHugo's re-entry into Spain<ref>López López 2009, p. 52. As late as in 1976 Carlos Hugo was banned entry into Spain and not allowed to disambark from the aircraft at the Barajas airport. The 1977 attempt to re-enter the country was staged as a media event in hope that the coverage would prevent another expulsion; the strategy worked</ref> and was among protagonists of the party congress, as PC got eventually legalized.<ref>Vallverdú i Martí 2014, p. 267</ref> As member of Consejo Foral throughout 1978 he remained heavily engaged in works on Navarrese foral regime<ref>López López 2009, p. 38</ref> – with some of his radical proposals adopted<ref>Zufía was not entirely happy with so-called Real Decreto Paccionado, which ended one stage of the process, López López 2009, p. 54</ref> – and in labors on draft of the Basque autonomous statute. As member of “ponencia redactora del Estatuto de Autonomía”<ref>Virginia Tamayo Salaberría (ed.), ''Autogobierno de Vasconia: desarrollo y crisis (1978-2006): documentos'', Donostia 2006, ISBN 9788469033784, p. 486</ref> Zufía claimed that Navarre “belongs to the Basque Country”<ref>''Hoja Oficial de la Provincia de Barcelona'' 14.06.76, available [https://prensahistorica.mcu.es/es/catalogo_imagenes/grupo.do?path=1000225745&posicion=3&presentacion=pagina here]</ref> and opted for a common Basque-Navarrese unit,<ref>in the inter-party committee Zufía represented all minor parties (EKA, PTE, ORT, MCE), López López 2009, p. 53</ref> but given limited support in the region he started to backtrack.<ref>MacClancy 2000, p. 193, see also his increasingly skeptical position as reported by ''Diario de Burgos'' 12.12.79, available [https://prensahistorica.mcu.es/es/catalogo_imagenes/grupo.do?path=1000460949&posicion=15&presentacion=pagina here]</ref> In the [[1979 Spanish general election|general elections of early 1979]] Zufía stood in Navarre as a PC candidate for the senate;<ref>''El País'' 20.01.79, available [https://elpais.com/diario/1979/01/20/espana/285634814_850215.html here]</ref> with 18,303 votes<ref>some sources claim 18,143 votes, see ''Gran Enciclopedia Navarra'', available [http://www.enciclopedianavarra.com/?page_id=16281 here]</ref> gathered he failed.<ref>''Elecciones Generales 1 de Marzo de 1979'', [in:] ''HistoriaElectoral'' service, available [https://www.historiaelectoral.com/e1979comp.html here]</ref> However, a month later he ran for the newly established Navarrese [[Parliament of Navarre|Parlamento Foral]]. Running in the Estella district<ref>López López 2009, p. 78</ref> Zufía collected 12,165 votes; with 4,8% of the total, his result proved sufficient for election.<ref>PC fielded candidates in all merindades, but only Zufía got elected from Estella. His 12 165 votes (4,77%) were far behind those received by the front-runner, Jaime Ignacio del Burgo (68,000), ''Elecciónes al Parlamento de Navarra'', [in:] ''HistoriaElectoral'' service, available [https://www.historiaelectoral.com/anavarra.html here]</ref> His Consejo Foral ticket expired in 1979 as under the new regional regime the body ceased to exist.<ref>López López 2009, p. 54</ref>

Following disastrous electoral result of 1979 most PC high executives, including its president Carlos Hugo and the secretary general [[José María Zavala Castella|José María Zavala]], resigned. It seemed that the prince, disillusioned and embittered by defeat, was pondering upon dissolution of the party,<ref>MacClancy 2000, p. 199</ref> the option incomprehensible to old militants like Zufía.<ref>Miralles Climent 2015, pp. 453-454</ref> Shortly afterwards Carlos Hugo left the party and withdrew from Spanish politics altogether. However, the Partido Carlista congress of November 1979<ref>some claim that in December 1979, Miralles Climent 2015, p. 457</ref> was dominated by these willing to go on. Zufía – who stood out among mostly 30- and 40-year-olds,<ref>in the late 1970s the 1920-born Zufía was among the oldest party militants; among other recognized names, Carles Feliú Travy was born in 1923, José María Zavala Castella in 1924, Josep Badía Tomás in 1925, Juan-Angel Pérez-Nieves Abascal in 1930, Pedro José Zabala Sevilla in 1934, Josep Carles Clemente Balaguer in 1935 and Evaristo Olcina Jiménez in 1938</ref> former requeté, man of proven party record, longtime Navarrese official, member of Parlamento Foral and a local known personality - was elected the new secretario general. He had no counter-candidate and was voted unanimously.<ref>López López 2009, p. 78</ref> As the position of party president has been abolished, Zufía effectively became the leader of Partido Carlista; at the same time he vacated the position of EKA secretary general.<ref>it was assumed by Luis Ramón Fernández del Pino, ''Hoja Oficial de Lunes'' 11.05.81, available [https://prensahistorica.mcu.es/es/catalogo_imagenes/grupo.do?path=2000992997&posicion=35&presentacion=pagina here]</ref> He declared that Carlos Hugo abandoned the party due tofor personal reasons and with the intention to confuse.<ref>''El País'' 06.05.80, available [https://elpais.com/diario/1980/05/06/espana/326412016_850215.html here]</ref>

Most information on Zufía’sZufía's public activity in the early 1980s is related to his mandate in the Navarrese parliament. He continued to focus on social problems and advocated setup of Cámara Económico-Social,<ref>in 1979 he proposed setup of Cámara Económico-Social, a body to deal with unemployment and social problems, Miralles Climent 2015, p. 474</ref> animated emergence of a regional [[University of Navarra|secular Navarrese university]]<ref>in 1979, López López 2009, p. 81</ref> and confronted the Right.<ref>López López 2009, p. 82</ref> Particular controversy was triggered by his support for [[Herri Batasuna]] motion that the Franco-awarded laurel be removed from the [[Flag of Navarre|Navarrese flag]];<ref>Larraza Micheltorena 2005, p. 533</ref> Traditionalist groupings denied him the name of a Carlist and wondered “si le queda una sola gota de sangre de su antiguo y verdadero Carlismo, de Dios, Patria, Fueros, Rey”, effectively lambasting him as a traitor.<ref>an open letter published in ''El Pensamiento Navarro'' read “Lo que nos sorprendió grandemente es que quien, como Mariano Zufía, continúa llamándose “carlista” –aunque declarándose actualmente socialista y autogestionario–, si le queda una sola gota de sangre de su antiguo y verdadero Carlismo, de Dios, Patria, Fueros, Rey, eche ese borrón sobre tantos mártires carlistas que dieron su vida por sus gloriosos ideales en la Cruzada de Liberación Nacional, aparte de otros buenos navarros que forjaron, con su sangre y heroico sacrificio, una buena parte de la gloriosa historia contemporánea de esa mil veces heroica Navarra, merecedora, por tantos motivos, de la más honrosa condecoración nacional a todo un pueblo», quoted after Larraza Micheltorena 2005, p. 535</ref> In 1981<ref>''La Cámara de Comptos desde 1980'', [in:] ''CamaraDeComptos'' service, available [https://camaradecomptos.navarra.es/es/institucion/la-camara-de-comptos-desde-1980 here]</ref> the regional parliament thanks to votes of [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]] deputies and against votes of the Right<ref>UCD and UPN voted against him, López López 2009, p. 83-84</ref> elected him as the first president of Cámara de Comptos, a historical Navarrese body re-established to deal with local tax collection and management of public sector expenses;<ref>''La institución en la actualidad'', [in:] ''CamaraDeComptos'' service, available [https://camaradecomptos.navarra.es/en/node/49 here]</ref> he assumed the duty in early 1982.<ref>''La Cámara de Comptos desde 1980'', [in:] ''CamaraDeComptos'' service, available [https://camaradecomptos.navarra.es/es/institucion/la-camara-de-comptos-desde-1980 here]</ref>