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==Biology==
Historical and archaeological evidence suggests that mastiffs have long been distinct in both form and function from the similarly large [[livestock guardian dog]]s from which they were most likely developed;{{sfn|Young|Bannasch|2007|p=48-49}} they also form separate [[genetic populations]].{{sfn|Parker|2012|p=45}} The [[Fédération Cynologique Internationale]] and some [[kennel club]]s group the two types together as [[Molossus (dog)|molossoid]] dogs; some modern livestock guardian breeds, such as the [[Pyrenean Mastiff]], the [[Spanish Mastiff]] and the [[Tibetan Mastiff]], an extinct [[draught dog]] called the [[Belgian Mastiff]] and an extinct livestock guardian [[dog type]] called the [[Alpine Mastiff|Alpine mastiff]], have the word "mastiff" in their name, but are not considered true mastiffs.{{sfnp|Hancock|2001}} Tibetan Mastiffs have been sold for over $1 million in China.<ref>[https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/tibetan-mastiff-puppy-just-became-most-expensive-dog-ever-sold-180950178 Smithsonian Magazine]</ref>
<ref>{{cite news |last1=JOHNSON |first1=BAILEY |title=Tibetan Mastiff, "Big Splash," sells for $1.5 million, world's most expensive dog |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tibetan-mastiff-big-splash-sells-for-15-million-worlds-most-expensive-dog/ |access-date=23 December 2022 |work=www.cbsnews.com |date=16 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref>Many older English sources refer to mastiffs as bandogs or bandogges, although technically the term "bandog" meant a dog that was tethered by a chain (or "bande") that would be released at night; the terms "mastiff" and "bandog" were often used interchangeably. One of the most famous "bandog" programs in England, led to the establishment of a recognized "bandog" breed known today as the [[
==List of mastiff breeds==
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