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{{Short description|Type of dog}}
{{other uses}}
{{for|the English breed of dog|English Mastiff}}
[[File:The dog book - a popular history of the dog, with practical information as to care and management of house, kennel, and exhibition dogs; and descriptions of all the important breeds (1906) (20800295488).jpg|thumb|260px|''The Mastiff'' by [[Philip Reinagle]], 1805]]
A '''mastiff''' is a large and powerful [[Dog type|type]] of [[dog]].{{sfn|Oxford Dictionaries|2019}}{{sfn|Young|Bannasch|2007|p=49}} Mastiffs are among the largest dogs, and typically have a short [[Coat (dog)|coat]], a long low-set tail and large feet; the skull is large and bulky, the muzzle broad and short ([[brachycephalic]]) and the ears drooping and pendant-shaped.{{sfn|Oxford Dictionaries|2019}}{{sfn|Young|Bannasch|2007|p=49}} European and Asian records dating back 3,000 years show dogs of the mastiff type.{{sfn|Encyclopædia Britannica|2019}} Mastiffs have historically been [[guard dog]]s, protecting homes and property, although throughout history they have been used as [[hunting dog]]s, [[war dog]]s and for [[blood sport]]s, such as [[dog fighting|fighting each other]] and other animals, including [[bull]]s, [[bear]]s and even [[lion]]s.{{sfn|Young|Bannasch|2007|p=49}}{{sfn|Encyclopædia Britannica|2019}}
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Historical and archaeological evidence suggests that mastiffs have long been distinct in both form and function from the similarly large [[livestock guardian dog]]s from which they were most likely developed;{{sfn|Young|Bannasch|2007|p=48-49}} they also form separate [[genetic populations]].{{sfn|Parker|2012|p=45}} The [[Fédération Cynologique Internationale]] and some [[kennel club]]s group the two types together as [[Molossus (dog)|molossoid]] dogs; some modern livestock guardian breeds, such as the [[Pyrenean Mastiff]], the [[Spanish Mastiff]] and the [[Tibetan Mastiff]], and an extinct [[draught dog]] called the [[Belgian Mastiff]], have the word "mastiff" in their name, but are not considered true mastiffs.{{sfnp|Hancock|2001}}
==List of mastiff breeds==
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| [[Dogo Argentino]] || {{ubl|Argentine Dogo|Argentine Mastiff}} || Argentina || Guard dog, big-game hunting, dog fighting || [[File:0Dogo-argentino-22122251920.jpg|150px]]
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| [[Dogue Brasileiro]] || || Brazil || Guard dog || [[File:Doguebrasileiro.jpg|150px]]
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| [[Great Dane]] || {{ubl|Deutsche Dogge|German Mastiff|German Boarhound}} || Germany || Big-game hunting || [[File:Great Dane K02.jpg|150px]]
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| [[Kurdish Mastiff]] || {{ubl|Pishdar dog|Assyrian Shepherd}} || Iraq || Guard dog ||
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| [[Neapolitan Mastiff]] || Mastino Napoletano || Italy || Guard dog || [[File:Mastino Napoletano Rüde clp.JPG|150px]]
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==Bibliography==
{{commonscat}}
* {{cite book |last=Hancock |first=David |date=2001 |title=The Mastiffs: The Big Game Hunters
* {{cite book |last=Fogle |first=Bruce |author-link=Bruce Fogle|date=2009 |title=The Encyclopedia of the Dog | url = https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofdo0000fogl/page/36/mode/1up |location=New York |publisher=DK Publishing |isbn=978-0-7566-6004-8 }}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/animal/mastiff |title=Mastiff: breed of dog |author=Encyclopædia Britannica |date=2019 |website=www.britannica.com |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |access-date=9 September 2019 }}
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