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{{Infobox settlement
| name = Monroe, Michigan
| official_name = City of Monroe▼
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 300
| image_style = border:none;
|
| image1 = Monroe from the River Raisin.jpg
| caption1 = [[Old Village Historic District (Monroe, Michigan)|Downtown Monroe]] along the [[River Raisin]]
| image2 = River Raisin National Battlefield Park.jpg
| caption2 = [[River Raisin National Battlefield Park]]
| image3 = Monroe County Courthouse (Monroe).jpg
| caption3 = Monroe County Courthouse
| image4 = General Custer statue Monroe Michigan.JPG
| caption4 = [[George Armstrong Custer Equestrian Monument|Custer Equestrian Monument]]
| image5 = StMaryChurchMonroe.jpg
| caption5 = [[St. Mary's Church Complex Historic District (Monroe, Michigan)|St. Mary's Church Complex]]
}}
| pushpin_map = Michigan#USA
| pushpin_label_position = left<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_label = Monroe
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_relief = yes
| image_seal =
| image_flag = Flag of Monroe, Michigan.svg
| image_map = City of Monroe, MI location 2020.png
| mapsize = 250
| map_caption = Location within [[Monroe County, Michigan|Monroe County]] and the state of Michigan
| image_map1 =
| mapsize1 =
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| established_title3 = Incorporated
| established_date3 = 1837
<!-- Government -->
| government_type = [[Council–manager government|Council–manager]]
| leader_title = Mayor
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| leader_title2 = [[Municipal clerk|Clerk]]
| leader_name2 = Michelle LaVoy
|
| area_footnotes = <ref name="
| area_total_km2 = 26.46
| area_total_sq_mi = 10.21▼
| area_land_km2 = 23.43
| area_land_sq_mi = 9.05▼
| area_water_km2 = 3.03
▲| area_total_sq_mi = 10.21
▲| area_land_sq_mi = 9.05
| area_water_sq_mi = 1.17
| elevation_ft = 594
| elevation_m = 182
<!-- Population -->
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States | population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2020">{{Cite web| url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=&g=1600000US2655020&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P1| title=P1. Race – Monroe city, Michigan: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| access-date=October 31, 2023}}</ref>
| population_total = 20462▼
| population_est =
| pop_est_footnotes = ▼
| pop_est_as_of =
▲| population_total = 20462
| population_density_km2 = 873.34
| population_density_sq_mi = 2261.99
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| timezone_DST = EDT
| utc_offset_DST = -4
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code
| postal_code = 48161, 48162
| area_code = [[Area code 734|734]]
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| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 0632572<ref name="GR3">{{cite web |author = United States Geological Survey |author-link = United States Geological Survey |url = http://geonames.usgs.gov |access-date = January 31, 2008 |title = US Board on Geographic Names |publisher = United States Geological Survey |date = October 25, 2007 }}</ref>
| website = {{URL|monroemi.gov
| footnotes =
▲| pop_est_footnotes =
▲| unit_pref = Imperial
}}
'''Monroe''' is the largest city and [[county seat]] of [[Monroe County, Michigan
The Monroe area was the scene of several military conflicts during the [[War of 1812]] against the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] and is known for the [[Battle of Frenchtown]]. In 1817, portions of the [[Frenchtown Charter Township, Michigan|Frenchtown]] settlement along the [[River Raisin]] were [[plat]]ted and renamed "Monroe" after then-president [[James Monroe]]. When Michigan became a state in 1837, Monroe was incorporated as a city.<ref name="Romig">{{cite book | last = Romig | first = Walter | year = 1986 | title = Michigan Place Names | publisher = [[Wayne State University Press]] | location = Detroit |page = 376 | isbn = 978-0-8143-1838-6}}</ref>
Monroe is known as the childhood residence of [[George Armstrong Custer]] and other members of his family, including his brother [[Boston Custer]] and wife [[Elizabeth Bacon Custer|Elizabeth Bacon]]. Several structures are named after Custer, including [[Custer Airport]]. Founded in 1928, the [[La-Z-Boy]] world headquarters are located in Monroe.
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Long occupied by varying cultures of indigenous peoples, the area around the [[River Raisin]] was settled by the historic [[Potawatomi]] hundreds of years before French explorers and colonists reached it in the late seventeenth century. [[René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle|Robert de LaSalle]] claimed the area for [[New France]] after his 1679 expedition on the ''[[Le Griffon|Griffon]]''.
In 1784, after the [[American Revolutionary War]], Francis Navarre of Canada was given a portion of land south of the
Because of its proximity to Detroit, the area was of strategic importance during the [[War of 1812]] between the United States and Great Britain, especially after [[Fort Detroit]] surrendered to the British in August 1812. American forces en route to retake Detroit
When the British departed with their captives to Detroit, they left those Americans too wounded to walk in the homes of Frenchtown inhabitants under the guard of a small British detachment and Native American allies, including Potawatomi. The morning after the battle, other Native Americans returned to Frenchtown. They plundered and burned homes, and killed and ritually scalped many of the remaining American captives, taking others as slaves. The official U.S. estimate of casualties in this aftermath include a dozen named individuals killed and up to 30 more who were likely killed. The British estimated six Americans were killed.
This event became known throughout the United States as the "River Raisin Massacre".
[[File:Custerstatue.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[George Armstrong Custer Equestrian Monument|George Armstrong Custer's statue]], unveiled in 1910, is located at the corner of Elm Avenue and [[M-125 (Michigan highway)|Monroe Street]].]]
The
Settled mostly by American migrants from New York and New England, Monroe later became associated with events in the West in the later 19th century, particularly the [[Indian Wars]]. It
In 1910, President [[William Howard Taft]] and the widow Elizabeth Bacon Custer unveiled an [[George Armstrong Custer Equestrian Monument|equestrian statue]] of Custer, which now stands at the corner of Elm Avenue and [[M-125 (Michigan highway)|Monroe Street]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 10, 2022 |title=Battle continues over Monroe statue of George Armstrong Custer |url=https://www.wxyz.com/news/national/two-americas/battle-continues-over-monroe-statue-of-george-armstrong-custer |access-date=2022-10-12 |work=WXYZ}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last = Custer |first = Elizabeth B. |date = May 15, 1910 |url = https://www.nytimes.com/1910/05/15/archives/president-will-help-dedicate-the-custer-monument-nation-will-join.html |title = President Will Help Dedicate the Custer Monument: Nation Will Join with Michigan in Honors to the Great Indian Fighter Next Month |work = [[The New York Times]] |access-date = January 18, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://monroe.lib.mi.us/books_movies_music/special_collections/custer_statue_moved.htm |title = Custer's Statue |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090926023239/http://monroe.lib.mi.us/books_movies_music/special_collections/custer_statue_moved.htm |archive-date = September 26, 2009 |website = George Armstrong Custer Collection |publisher = Monroe County Library System }}</ref> Custer is also honored in street names, various [[historic marker]]s, buildings, schools, and the regional [[Custer Airport]].<ref name=cstr>{{cite web |url = https://www.michigan.gov/documents/Ttf_19117_7.pdf |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051214212723/https://www.michigan.gov/documents/Ttf_19117_7.pdf |archive-date = December 14, 2005 |title = Monroe Custer (TTF) |publisher = State of Michigan }}</ref> City limit signs for Monroe describe the city as "the home of General Custer."
The [[La-Z-Boy]] furniture company, which became known for its reclining easy chairs, was founded in Monroe in 1927.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.la-z-boy.com/about/our_history.aspx|title=About La-Z-Boy|publisher= [[La-Z-Boy]] |access-date=March 31, 2018}}</ref> Their world headquarters are located in Monroe, south of the intersection of La-Z-Boy
In 1974, the [[Monroe Power Plant]] opened. It is the [[List of
In December 1989, a combination of [[
==Geography==
According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|10.21|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|9.05|sqmi|sqkm|2}} are land and {{convert|1.17|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, or 11.44%, are water.<ref name ="CenPopGazetteer2023"/> The [[River Raisin]] travels through the city; it is [[Navigability|non-navigable]] because of several dams and other obstructions.
===Climate===
Monroe lies in the [[humid continental climate]] zone. Monroe receives an average of {{convert|28.5
{{Weather box
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|footnote=[https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html U.S. Decennial Census]<br>2018 Estimate<ref name="2018 Pop Estimate">{{cite web|title=Population Estimates|url=https://census.gov/data/tables/2018/demo/popest/total-cities-and-towns.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=June 8, 2018}}</ref>
}}
[[File:StMikesChurchMonroe.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Saint Michael the Archangel Church (Monroe, Michigan)|St. Michael the Archangel Church]]]]
===2010 census===
As of the census<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web |author = United States Census Bureau |title = U.S. Census website |url = https://www.census.gov |publisher = United States Census Bureau |access-date = November 25, 2012 }}</ref> of 2010, there were 20,733 people, 8,238 households, and 5,277 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|2261.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 9,158 housing units at an average density of {{convert|998.7|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 88.4% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 6.2% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.4% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.7% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 1.2% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 3.0% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 4.1% of the population.
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===2000 census===
In the census of 2000, there were 22,076 people, 8,594 households, and 5,586 families in the city. The population density was {{convert|2,440.9
There were 8,594 households, of which 33.6% had children under 18 living with them, 46.6% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.0% were non-families. 30.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone 65 years or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size 3.10.
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More than a dozen various parochial schools operate in and around Monroe. In 2012, the three largest parochial elementary schools (St. Michael the Archangel, St. Mary, and St. John the Baptist) merged to form Monroe Catholic Elementary Schools, serving infants through 8th grade. The St. Michael Campus serves infants through 1st grade, while St. John serves 2nd through 4th grade, and St. Mary functions as the Middle School for grades 5 through 8. The largest of the parochial schools is [[St. Mary Catholic Central High School]], which enrolls more than 400 students annually. It has a full sports program that competes against the other public school districts. Zion Lutheran School is a grade school (Pre-K-8) of the [[Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod]] in Monroe.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zion Lutheran School |url=http://www.zionmonroe.org/school2}}</ref> Parents may also [[Homeschooling in the United States|homeschool]] their children.
[[Marygrove College]], sponsored by the local [[Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary]] (IHM), was founded in Monroe in 1905 as a [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[liberal arts]] college. The college moved to
==Media==
''[[The Monroe News]]'' is the daily newspaper in Monroe, reporting on all of Monroe County. The newspaper was founded in 1825 and for many years known as The Monroe Evening News. It was purchased by GateHouse Media in fall 2015, prior to which time The Monroe News had about 20 years of employee ownership.
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==Transportation==
===Highway and bus===
The city of Monroe is served by the Lake Erie Transit public transportation bus system. Established in 1975, Lake Erie Transit currently has a fleet of 31 buses and serves approximately 400,000 riders every year. In 2008, the system logged 764,000 miles.<ref>{{cite web |author = Michigan Department of Transportation |title = Lake Erie Transit |url = http://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0,1607,7-151-9625_21607-164483--,00.html |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |access-date = July 9, 2018 }}</ref> The system operates buses on eight fixed routes in and around the city of Monroe. It also serves several neighboring townships outside of its normal routes should a passenger call ahead for a ride. From [[Bedford Township, Monroe County, Michigan|Bedford Township]], its provides transportation to and from two shopping malls in [[Toledo, Ohio]].
*{{jct|state=MI|I|75}} travels through Monroe and provides access to [[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo]] and Detroit. There are five interchanges in and near Monroe: LaPlaisance Road (exit 11), Front Street (exit 13), Elm Street (exit 14), North Dixie Highway (exit 15), and Nadeau Road (exit 18).
*{{jct|state=MI|I|275}} has its southern terminus
*{{jct|state=MI|M|50}} terminates in Monroe at US 24 and provides a direct route to [[Dundee, Michigan|Dundee]], [[Jackson, Michigan|Jackson]], and further. In Monroe, M-50 is known locally as South Custer Road. Its former terminus used to be I-75 at exit 15.
*{{jct|state=MI|US|24}} travels through Monroe and provides access to Toledo and western portions of Detroit. The road is known locally as North Telegraph and South Telegraph — divided at the [[River Raisin]]. US 24 also connects to I-275 just north of Monroe.
*{{jct|state=MI|M|125}} travels directly through the downtown area before merging into US 24 north of Monroe. South of downtown after Jones Avenue, it is called South Dixie Highway. In the downtown area, it is South Monroe Street. North of the River Raisin, it is North Monroe Street.
*{{jct|state=MI|M 1948|130}} was a state highway existing from 1930 until 1955 and ran along the northern banks of the River Raisin. M-130 had its eastern terminus at US 24 and ran for just over
*[[File:Dixie Highway marker.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] The [[Dixie Highway]] ran through Monroe in as early as 1915. It was originally one of the few ways to reach places like Florida, but the highway was largely replaced by I-75 beginning in the 1960s. Today, the namesake of the highway is used for two non-connecting highways (one being M-125), although the same route and remnants of the original highway are long gone.
*{{jct|state=MI|US 1948 |25}} was the designated name for the portion of the Dixie Highway north of [[Cincinnati]], including the portion running through Monroe. Like the Dixie Highway, US 25 was largely replaced, and the existing highway was truncated at Cincinnati.
*[[File:Airport Sign.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] [[Custer Airport]] was built in 1946 and is located on the former M-130. It is a very small and seldom used airport. There are no commercial or passenger flights departing from or arriving at Custer Airport. There is one paved runway used by small personal airplanes. There is also a small aviation school on the site. All air services in the area are primarily through the [[Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport|Metro Airport]] in [[Wayne County, Michigan|Wayne County]].<ref name=cstr/>
===Railroads===
Present
===Interurbans===
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==Notable people==
{{Div col|colwidth=
▲*[[Rance Allen]] (1948-2020), Bishop, songwriter, gospel singer
*[[Alfred E. Bates]], U.S. Army major general<ref name="Suter">{{cite book |last=Suter |first=J. L. |date=1908 |title=American Biographical Directories District of Columbia: Concise Biographies of Its Prominent and Representative Contemporary Citizens |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vjRMAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA27 |location=Washington, DC |publisher=Potomac Press |page=27 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>
*[[Frankie Biggz]] (b. Francisco Andres Lucio, 1973), record producer, singer-songwriter, musician, and DJ
*[[Vic Braden]] (1929–2014), tennis champion and coach
*[[Christie Brinkley]] (b. 1954), model
*[[Robert K. Brown]] (b. 1932), combat correspondent, investigative journalist, and founder, editor, publisher of [[Soldier of Fortune (magazine)|''Soldier of Fortune'' magazine]]
*[[Horace Thompson Carpenter]] (1857–1947), artist and art critic, historian
*[[Isaac P. Christiancy]] (1812–1890), Chief Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court
*[[Ken W. Clawson]] (1936–1999),
*[[Audie Cole]] (b. 1989), football player for the [[Minnesota Vikings]]
*[[Oliver H. P. Cowdery]] (1806–1850), important figure in founding of the [[Latter Day Saint movement]]
*[[Boston Custer]] (1848–1876), younger brother of General George Custer
*[[Elizabeth Bacon Custer]] (1842–1933), wife of General Custer
*[[George Armstrong Custer]] (1839–1876), iconic 19th
*[[Eric Daman]] (b. 1970), fashion designer
*[[Robert S. Duncanson]] (1821–1872), first professional African-American artist
*[[Elisha Peyre Ferry]] (1825–1895), first governor of the state of Washington
*[[Carl Ford (American football)|Carl Ford]] (b. 1980), football player
*[[Don Gonyea]] (b. 1956), White House correspondent for [[National Public Radio]]
*[[Valerie Harper]] (1939–2019), actress, star of sitcoms ''[[The Mary Tyler Moore Show]]'', ''[[Rhoda (TV series)|Rhoda]]'' and ''[[Valerie (TV series)|Valerie]]''
*[[John James Hattstaedt]], musician, founder and president of the [[American Conservatory of Music]] in Chicago (1886–1991), was born and grew up in Monroe
▲*[[Valerie Harper]] (1939–2019), actress, star of sitcoms ''[[The Mary Tyler Moore Show]]'', ''[[Rhoda (TV series)|Rhoda]]'' and ''[[Valerie (TV series)|Valerie]]'', grew up in Monroe
*[[Ernest Ingersoll]] (1852–1946), environmentalist and writer
*[[Mary Harris "Mother" Jones]] (1837–1930), union organizer
*[[Ken Kelley (journalist)|Ken Kelley]] (1949–2008), journalist, editor, and publisher
*[[Ernst G. W. Keyl]] (1804–1872), Lutheran clergyman
*[[Tonya Kinzinger]], actress
*[[Karen Koch]] (b. 1951), world's first professional female ice hockey player
*[[Charles Lanman]] (1819–1895), author, artist and US government official
*[[Robert McClelland (American politician)|Robert McClelland]] (1807–1880), prominent Michigan politician
*[[Bronco McKart]] (b. 1971), prizefighter, World Boxing Organization champion
*[[J. Sterling Morton]] (1832–1902), prominent conservationist
*[[Fannie Ellsworth Newberry]] (1848–1942), writer of girls' stories
*[[Kaye Lani Rae Rafko]] (b. 1963), [[Miss America 1988]]
*[[Henry Armstrong Reed]] (1858–1876), nephew of George Custer
*[[James A. Roy]], 16th Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force
*[[Paul W. Smith]], WJR radio personality
*[[Vern Sneider]] (1916–1981), novelist who wrote ''[[The Teahouse of the August Moon (novel)|Teahouse of the August Moon]]''
*[[George Spalding]], U.S.
*[[Matt Urban]] (1919–1995), most decorated combat soldier of
*[[Frankie E. Harris Wassom]] (1850–1933), educator and poet
*[[Todd Williams (runner)|Todd Williams]] (b. 1969), two-time U.S. Olympian at 10,000m (1992, 1996)
*[[Eric Wilson (Canadian football)|Eric Wilson]] (b. 1978), football player
*[[Warner Wing]] (1805–1876), Michigan jurist and legislator
{{Div col end}}
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{{Commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage|Monroe (Michigan)}}
*
* [http://www.
* {{Cite Collier's|wstitle=Monroe (Michigan)|display=Monroe,
▲* {{Cite Americana|wstitle=Monroe (Michigan)|display=Monroe, Mich.|year=1920 |short=x}}
▲* {{Cite Collier's|wstitle=Monroe (Michigan)|display=Monroe, a city and county-seat of Monroe co., Mich.|year=1921 |short=x}}
{{Geographic location
| Centre = Monroe
| Northeast =
▲| Northeast = [[Frenchtown Charter Township, Michigan|Frenchtown Charter Township]]
| East = ''[[
| Southeast = ''[[Lake Erie]]''
| South = [[Monroe Charter Township, Michigan|Monroe Township]]
| Southwest = [[
| West = [[Raisinville Township, Michigan|Raisinville Township]]
| Northwest =
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{{Monroe, Michigan}}
{{Monroe County, Michigan}}
{{Michigan county seats}}▼
{{Metro Detroit}}
{{James Monroe}}
▲{{Michigan county seats}}
{{Authority control}}
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