'''Lü Cai''' ({{zh|s=吕才|p=Lǚ cáiCái}}) (606-665) was a Chinese musician of early [[Tang dynasty|Tang period]]. He was versed in melody and choreography, and was expert at playing the [[guqin]]. In 629, [[Emperor Taizong of Tang|Emperor Taizong]] ordered [[Zu Xiaosun]] to set down the [[Musical temperament|temperament]] of music renewedly, Zu argued with Wang Changtong and [[Bai Mingda]], and could not solve it. So Taizong ordered his officers to search for the able men, the zhongshuling (prime minister) [[Wen Yanbo (Tang dynasty)|Wen Yanbo]] recommended Lü Cai. In 631, Lü wrote ''Music of Victory'' (''Gōng chéng qìng shàn lè''《功成庆善乐》) for Taizong's poem. In 632, he helped Taizong to train 120 musicians to perform [[Music of King Qin Breaking up the Enemy's Front]]. Apart from music, Lü was also versed in [[alchemy]], astronomy, maths, history and geography.<ref>{{in lang|zh}}Ji Liankang. ''Lü Cai'', ''Encyclopedia of China'' (Music&Dance Edition), 1st ed.</ref>
In 655 LǚLü CáiCai, in his role as Chief Steward of the Palace Medical Service (''Shàng yào fèng yù'' 尚藥奉御) denounced the translator [[Xuanzang]] which led to a public debate between the two men. LǚLü cáiCai lost and was forced to issue a public apology.<ref>Liu (2022: 260)</ref>