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== Largest empires by share of world population ==
[[File:The Harmsworth atlas and Gazetter 1908 (135853022).jpg|thumb|right|The home and colonial populations of the world's empires in 1908, as given by ''The Harmsworth Atlas and Gazetteer'']]
Because of the trend of increasing world population over time, absolute population figures are for some purposes less relevant for comparison between different empires than their respective shares of the world population at the time.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Scheidel|first1=Walter|title=The Oxford World History of Empire: Volume One: The Imperial Experience|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2020|isbn=978-0-19-977311-4|editor-last=Bang|editor-first=Peter Fibiger|editor-link=Peter Fibiger Bang|location=|pages=102|language=en|chapter=The Scale of Empire: Territory, Population, Distribution|author-link=Walter Scheidel|editor-last2=Bayly|editor-first2=C. A.|editor-link2=Christopher Bayly|editor-last3=Scheidel|editor-first3=Walter|editor-link3=Walter Scheidel|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9mkLEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA102}}</ref> For the majority of the time since roughly 400 BC, the two most populous empires' combined share of the world population has been 30–40%. Most of the time, the most populous empire has been located in China.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Myrdal|first=Janken|title=Ecology and Power: Struggles over Land and Material Resources in the Past, Present and Future|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=978-1-136-33529-7|editor-last=Hornborg|editor-first=Alf|pages=43|language=en|chapter=Empire: The comparative study of imperialism|editor-last2=Clark|editor-first2=Brett|editor-link2=Brett Clark (sociologist)|editor-last3=Hermele|editor-first3=Kenneth|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dkWqOb82PxgC&pg=PA43}}</ref>
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