This is the list of military alliances. A military alliance is a formal agreement between two or more parties concerning national security in which the contracting parties agree to mutual protection and support in case of a crisis that has not been identified in advance. Military alliances differ from coalitions, which formed for a crisis that already exists. Numerous forms of military and defensive alliances have existed between states since early human history. This is a comprehensive list of the most important alliances.
Before AD 1200
| Legend | |
|---|---|
| Active military alliances | |
| Years | Name | Members |
|---|---|---|
| c. 7th century–338 BC | Latin League | About 30 villages and tribes in the region of Latium |
| c. 6th century–338 BC | Peloponnesian League | Various city-states in the Peloponnese, dominated by Sparta |
| 493 BC | Foedus Cassianum | Roman Republic Latin League |
| 478–404 BC | Delian League | See Members of the Delian League |
| 215 BC | Macedonian–Carthaginian Treaty | Macedonia Carthage |
| 433–554 | Silla-Baekje Alliance | |
| 1123 | Pactum Warmundi | |
| 1167–1250 | Lombard League | Numerous cities in medieval Lombardy, modern Northern Italy |
1200–1699
1700–1899
1900–1999
2000–Present
Proposed alliances
| Instrument | Countries |
|---|---|
| CANZUK is a proposed alliance between four Commonwealth realms | |
| United States-Israel Strategic Partnership is a proposal to make a formal alliance between the United States and Israel | |
| France-Japan Reciprocal Access Agreement is currently being negotiated to finalize a formal alliance between Japan and France.[32] | |
| EU-UK Mutual Defence Agreement is a proposal, most notably from the Labour Party, to sign a formal alliance between the EU and the UK.[33] | |
| South Korea-Japan Defense Pact[34] is a proposed alliance between South Korea & Japan in response to increased aggression from North Korea. | |
| Mauritius-United Kingdom Defence Agreement is a proposal to sign a military alliance between Mauritius and the UK as part of an effort to resolve the Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute.[35] | |
| Japan-Philippines-United States trilateral alliance is currently being negotiated in response to increased military build-up from China.[36] |
See also
Notes
- ^ See also Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
- ^ See also Lancaster House Treaties
- ^ Effectively ended in 1943
- ^ (Two days only)
- ^ See also Treaty of Brussels
- ^ See also North Atlantic Treaty
- ^ See also Common Security and Defence Policy
- ^ See also Shusha Declaration
References
- ^ "The Moroccan-American Treaty of Peace and Friendship, [28 June …". Founders.archives.gov. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ Treaty of Alliance wikimedia.org
- ^ "United Kingdom And Ceylon (Defence Agreement) - Hansard - UK Parliament". Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ Barnes, Robert (2022). "'In the Mutual Interest': The Making and Breaking of the United Kingdom-Ceylon Defence Agreement, 1947–1957". The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 50 (6): 1093–1122. doi:10.1080/03086534.2022.2084932. S2CID 249944469.
- ^ SOU 1994:11 Om kriget kommit... Förberedelser för mottagande av militärt bistånd 1949–1969
- ^ "Technical Difficulties".
- ^ Marco Wyss Marco Wyss (22 April 2021). "The Anglo-Nigerian Defence Agreement | Postcolonial Security: Britain, France, and West Africa's Cold War | Oxford Academic". Academic.oup.com. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ "Anglo-Maltese Defence Agreement - Hansard - UK Parliament". Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ Wall, Michael (31 May 2019). "Hussein and Nasser sign defence agreement - archive, 1967 | Middle East and north Africa". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ "MAURITIUS - UNITED KINGDOM Agreement on Mutual Defence and Assistance". The National Archives. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
- ^ Houbert, Jean (8 November 2008). "Mauritius: Independence and Dependence". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 19: 75–105. doi:10.1017/S0022278X00054136. S2CID 154753371. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
- ^ "TEU 42.7: "If a Member State is the victim of armed aggression on its territory, the other Member States shall have towards it an obligation of aid and assistance by all the means in their power, in accordance with Article 51 of the United Nations Charter. This shall not prejudice the specific character of the security and defence policy of certain Member States."". The Treaty on European Union. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "UK, Poland sign strategic partnership". 7 July 2023.
- ^ "US, Greece Sign Revised Defense Cooperation Agreement". US News. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
- ^ "Greece, US hail strategic relationship after signing defence deal". The New Athenian. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
- ^ Sabbagh, Dan; Defence, Dan Sabbagh (28 November 2021). "Britain and Israel to sign trade and defence deal | Trade policy". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ Millis, Joe (7 December 2020). "UK and Israel sign agreement on military cooperation". Jewish News. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ Jordan (21-317) – Defense Cooperation Agreement state.gov
- ^ "Ukraine, UK, Poland announce security pact amid heightened tensions". 17 February 2022.
- ^ a b "The State Duma ratified Treaties of Friendship with the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics". 22 February 2022.
- ^ a b "Russia now has right to build military bases in eastern Ukraine - treaties". Reuters. 22 February 2022.
- ^ "Solomon Islands signs China pact, defying Australia". Taipei Times. 20 April 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
- ^ Kim, Patricia M. (6 May 2022). "Does the China-Solomon Islands security pact portend a more interventionist Beijing?". Brookings Institute.
- ^ "UK-Sweden Political Declaration of Solidarity". GOV.UK. 11 May 2022.
- ^ a b "Sweden, Finland Sign Defense Treaty with the U.K. Ahead of Joining NATO". National Review. 11 May 2022.
- ^ "UNITED KINGDOM - FINLAND STATEMENT HELSINKI, 11 MAY 2022" (PDF). GOV.UK. 11 May 2022.
- ^ "Oman, UK sign mutual defence agreement". Times of Oman. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ "Iraq-Jordan-Egypt Entente Moves Ahead Despite the GCC's Shadow". Arab Center Washington DC. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ "UK, Japan sign defense deal amid rising concern about China". ABC News. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ "UK and Greece seek strengthened Defence partnership". GOV.UK. 7 February 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ "UK, Greece Seek Strengthened Defence Partnership". 8 February 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ "Japan, France Vow to Enhance Defense Cooperation at 2-Plus-2 Talks". 21 January 2022.
- ^ "Lammy at em securing a security pact with Europe". 1 February 2023.
- ^ "S. Korea looks to revive military pact with Japan upon thaw". Koreaherald.com. 9 March 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ Scott, David (7 June 2018). "Britain Returns to the Indian Ocean?". The Round Table. 107 (3): 307–316. doi:10.1080/00358533.2018.1476096. S2CID 158788448.
- ^ Heydarian, Richard Javad (6 April 2023). "The Japan-Philippine-U.S. Trilateral alliance in the making". The Japan Times.