Li Shouxin: Difference between revisions

| name = Li Shouxin<br>李守信<br>{{MongolUnicode|ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷ}}

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1892|07|11|df=yes}}

| death_date = May 1970, (aged 78)

| nationality = [[Mongols in China|Chinese Mongol]]

''' Li Shouxin''' ({{lang-mn|{{MongolUnicode|ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷ}}, Буяндэлгэр}}; {{zh|c=李守信|p=Lǐ Shǒuxìn|w=Li Shou-hsin}}; [[Hepburn romanization|Hepburn]]: ''Ri Shyushin''; July 11, July 1892 -– May 1970) was a pro-Japanese commander in the [[Manchukuo Imperial Army]] and later the [[Mengjiang National Army]].

Li was born into a family of minor landlords of Han Chinese descent who assimilated into the Mongol people. His Han Chinese ancestor was part of a group of Han Chinese during the Qing dynasty called "Mongol followers" who worked as servantservants for Mongols and married Mongol women. Their descendants continued to marry Mongol women and changed their ethnicity to Mongol. They distinguished themselves apart from "true Mongols" (真蒙古).<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Tsai |first=Wei-chieh|date=June 2017 |title=MONGOLIZATION OF HAN CHINESE AND MANCHU SETTLERS IN QING MONGOLIA, 1700–1911 |type=Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Central Eurasian Studies, Indiana University |publisher=ProQuest LLC |page=7 |url=https://searchwww.proquest.com/openview/5c6d78516e80433b02e24bbac4409096/1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Liu |first1=Xiaoyuan |title=Reins of Liberation: An Entangled History of Mongolian Independence, Chinese Territoriality, and Great Power Hegemony, 1911-1950 |date=2006 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=0804754268 |page=117 |edition=illustrated |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mhJY7VgEWTUC&q=li+shouxin+zhen+menggu&pg=PA117}}</ref><ref>BORJIGIN, BURENSAIN. “The Complex Structure of Ethnic Conflict in the Frontier: Through the Debates around the 'Jindandao Incident' in 1891.” Inner Asia, vol. 6, no. 1, 2004, pp. 41–60. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/23615320.</ref> In 1919, he enlisted in the military forces of the [[Zhili clique]] in [[JeholRehe Province|Jehol]] province, rising steadily through the ranks until he reached the position of [[colonel]], with an equivalent ranking being granted by the [[Kuomintang]] government. Assigned to [[Tongliao]] in what is now [[Inner Mongolia]], he helped assistassisted in the suppressing the revolt of [[Gada Meiren]] in 1929.

In 1933, his forces clashed with the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] on the border with Manchukuo, and Li managed to down a Japanese aircraft. However, this opened the door to negotiations, and in exchange for weapons, money and supplies, Li defected to the Japanese side, and was appointed commander of a portion of Inner Mongolia and JeholRehe. In 1933 he commanded the Manchukuo forces defending the fortifications around [[Dolon Nor|Duolun]] against the [[Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Army]]. In late 1935 he commanded Manchukuo forces aiding Prince [[Demchugdongrub]] in seizing control of the six northern districts of [[Chahar Province|Chahar]]. The following two years he was in command of the Manchukuo detachment of the [[Inner Mongolian Army]] attempting to capture [[Suiyuan]] province.

In 1940, Li met in [[TsingtaoQingdao]] with [[Zhou Fohai]] and representatives of the [[Wang Jingwei Government]] with the aim of discussing the integration of Mengjiang into China. This was accomplished in 1941, with Mengjiang becoming the Mongolian Autonomous Federation (蒙古自治邦), albeit with complete [[Autonomous administrative division|autonomy]].

[[File:Demchugdongrub.jpg|thumb|left|Li Shouxin (center), Prince Demchugdongrub (left)]]However, as the situation deteriorated against the [[Empire of Japan]] towards the [[End of World War II in Asia|end]] of [[World War II]], Li met in secret with [[Chiang Kai-shek]], and defected back to the Kuomintang in exchange for being named general of the Chinese 10th Route Army. After the [[Chinese Revolution of 1949|victory]] of the [[Chinese Communist Party]] in the [[Chinese Civil War]] in 1949, Li fled briefly into exile in [[Taiwan]]. However, at the strong request of Demchugdongrub, he returned to [[Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region|Inner Mongolia]] to assume the position of Deputy Director of Defense of the Inner Mongolian autonomous government. However, the [[People's Liberation Army|Chinese Army]] refused to recognize his position and issued orders for his arrest a few months later. Li then fled to [[SocialistMongolian People's MongoliaRepublic|Mongolia]]. In September 1950, Mongolia acceded to Chinese demands, and extradited Li back to China, where he was charged with anti-Chinese activities and imprisoned. He was pardoned in 1964, and assigned a job at a history museum in [[Hohhot]], Inner Mongolia. He died in Hohhot in Inner Mongolia in May 1970.

[[Category:MongolChinese collaborators with Imperial Japan]]

[[Category:People offrom Manchukuo]]