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'''Nundah''' (previously called '''German Station''') is an [[inner suburb]] in the [[City of Brisbane]], [[Queensland]], Australia.<ref name=qpnl>{{cite QPN|49504|Nundah|suburb in City of Brisbane|access-date=26 January 2020}}</ref> It contains the neighbourhood of '''Toombul'''. In the {{CensusAU|
Prior to European settlement, Nundah was inhabited by [[Australian Aborigine|Aboriginal]] people from the [[Turrbul]] tribe. Nundah is primarily a residential suburb, which straddles [[Sandgate Road]], one of the major arterial roads of Brisbane's north. It was first settled by Europeans in the mid-19th century, although the suburb remained primarily a rural area until it was connected to Brisbane via railway in the 1880s.<ref name="mking">{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/brisbane/stories/s1605402.htm |title=Local History – Sandgate |publisher=[[abc.net.au]] |work=ABC Brisbane |author=Madonna King |date=31 March 2006 |access-date=26 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080107173243/http://www.abc.net.au/brisbane/stories/s1605402.htm |archive-date=7 January 2008 |df=dmy }}</ref> Originally considered a working-class suburb, the area has become gentrified in recent years, and today features a mix of traditional worker's cottages and modern high-density apartment blocks. It is close to the Centro Shopping Centre.
== Geography ==
Nundah is a mixed-density residential suburb, with some light industry and a commercial retail area concentrated on [[Sandgate Road]]. It is adjacent to the suburbs of [[Clayfield, Queensland|Clayfield]], [[Northgate, Queensland|Northgate]] and [[Wavell Heights, Queensland|Wavell Heights]], and is dominated by a large ridge that runs from the northwest to the southeast. The "Nundah Village" shopping district and Nundah State School are on this ridge, while the George Bridges Tunnel bisects it along Sandgate Road.<ref name=Bikeway>{{cite web|url=http://www.northgateward.org/jan2003/home.html|title=Bikeway to fill missing link|publisher=[[Northgate, Queensland|Northgate Ward]]|date=January 2003|access-date=26 January 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720012043/http://www.northgateward.org/jan2003/home.html|archive-date=20 July 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
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Zion Hill is at ({{coord|-27.4054|153.0681|type:mountain_region:AU-QLD|name=Zion Hill}}), and was named after [[Zion]] ([[Jerusalem]]) by the German Moravian missionaries of 1838, .<ref name="qpn38860">{{cite QPN|38860|Zion Hill|hill in City of Brisbane|access-date=18 July 2021}}</ref>
== History ==
===Aboriginal history===▼
▲=== Aboriginal history ===
Like most of Northern Brisbane,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pineriversshs.eq.edu.au/pages/school/history/north_pine_clan.htm|title=The North Pine Clan|publisher=[[Pine Rivers State High School]]|access-date=26 January 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119051552/http://www.pineriversshs.eq.edu.au/pages/school/history/north_pine_clan.htm|archive-date=19 January 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> the area around Nundah was dominated by the [[Turrbul]] tribe.<ref name=Events /> Their traditional coastal trade route passed through Nundah, near the modern-day Hedley Avenue. There are also many significant Aboriginal sites near Nundah, such as [[Dinah Island]], which was reportedly the site of the last traditional Aboriginal burial in the Brisbane area.<ref name=Events>{{cite web|url=http://www.nundah.com/html/events.html |title=Historical Events |publisher=Nundah and Districts Historical Society |access-date=23 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927151435/http://www.nundah.com/html/events.html |archive-date=27 September 2007 |df=dmy }}</ref> There were a number of [[bora ring]]s in the area, indicating that the Nundah area was densely populated by Aboriginal people before European settlers arrived.<ref>{{cite book |title=Meanjin to Brisvegas: Brisbane Comes of Age |last=Tilston |first=John |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-4116-5216-3|page=94}}</ref>
=== European settlement ===
====German mission====▼
▲==== German mission ====
[[File:NundahFreeSettlersMonument.jpg|right|thumb|Memorial to the German Missionaries erected in 1938 for the area's centennial]]The first permanent European settlement in the area was a mission built in 1838 by German [[Moravian Church|Moravian]] missionaries,<ref>These missionaries were:
* [[Peter Niquet]] – mason (married)
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}}</ref> It later became "German Station". The explorer [[Ludwig Leichhardt|Dr. Ludwig Leichhardt]] visited the area in 1843, and spoke very highly of the mission, but despite this the mission met with limited success and was closed at the behest of the colonial government in 1846.<ref name="Jupp 2002 369"/> This first settlement is nonetheless commemorated with a monument at the corner of Sandgate Road and Wood Street unveiled in 1938 by the then [[Premier of Queensland]] [[William Forgan Smith]]. The names of these German settlers can be seen in the names of streets in Nundah and surrounding suburbs such as Rode Road and Gerler Road.
==== Growth of the village of German Station ====
A prominent local citizen who contributed significantly to the development of the village of German Station was [[George Bridges (Nundah pioneer)|George Bridges]] (1820–1898). George and his young family immigrated from [[Wilstead]], [[Bedfordshire]], England to Queensland in 1852 aboard the "Marie Somes". In 1855, he acquired {{convert|64|acre|ha}} of land north of Buckland Road and east of Sandgate Road for farming. However, as [[Sandgate, Queensland|Sandgate]] became an increasingly popular holiday destination, the increasing volume of coach traffic along Sandgate Road encouraged him to open a hotel in 1866,<ref>{{cite news|date=16 June 1922|title=Old Brisbane Inns.|volume=XCIII|page=15|newspaper=[[The Week (Brisbane)|The Week]]|issue=2,425|location=Queensland, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article192979367|via=National Library of Australia|access-date=4 December 2021|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531080046/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/192979367|url-status=live}}</ref> which became a popular stop being roughly halfway between [[Brisbane]] and Sandgate. The first hotel was called the Kedron Hotel but the third and longest-running hotel was known as the Kedron Brook Hotel and was located alongside Sandgate Road (now Bage Street, named after [[Freda Bage]], first principal of [[The Women's College, University of Queensland]]<ref>{{cite news|date=13 December 1938|title=NEW STREET NAMES.|page=3|newspaper=[[The Courier-Mail]]|publisher=National Library of Australia|location=Brisbane|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article38726445|url-status=live|access-date=26 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308040651/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/38726445|archive-date=8 March 2021}}</ref>) on the SW corner of his property. Emboldened by the success of his hotel ventures, George Bridges looked for other commercial opportunities. He observed that Sandgate Road at that time did a dog-leg around the SW corner of his property (along Buckland Road) which forced traffic to travel up and over Donkin's Hill. So he created a short-cut across the SW corner of his property that avoided the hill, which was much appreciated by the travellers, allowing George Bridges to sell off parcels of land along this new unofficial piece of Sandgate Road to commercial enterprises, which serviced both the travellers and the local farming community. This unofficial short-cut grew into the Nundah Village shopping street that exists today and eventually became the official route of Sandgate Road. Around 1872, George and his wife Mary retired to [[Burpengary]] and began to progressively sell off the land of their German Station property as the village developed.
[[File:Architectural plans for school and teachers residences located at German Station, circa 1880.jpg|thumb|Architectural plans for school and teachers residences at German Station, circa 1880]]
==== Creation of the suburb of Nundah ====
A call for tenders for a non-denominational chapel in German Station was advertised in July 1855 .<ref>{{cite news|date=7 July 1855|title=Classified Advertising|volume=X|page=3|newspaper=[[The Moreton Bay Courier]]|issue=473|location=Queensland, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3715461|via=National Library of Australia|access-date=3 December 2021|archive-date=3 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203073405/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3715461|url-status=live}}</ref> The chapel was open for Christian services on Thursday 6 December 1855.<ref>{{cite news|date=1 December 1855|title=Classified Advertising|volume=X|page=3|newspaper=[[The Moreton Bay Courier]]|issue=562|location=Queensland, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3709340|via=National Library of Australia|access-date=3 December 2021|archive-date=3 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203073404/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3709340|url-status=live}}</ref> About February 1859 the chapel was acquired by the Baptists; the Wesleyans had first right of refusal but did not purchase it.<ref>{{cite news|date=12 February 1859|title=THE ROSTER AT IPSWICH.|volume=XIII|page=3|newspaper=[[The Moreton Bay Courier]]|issue=728|location=Queensland, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3721952|via=National Library of Australia|access-date=29 November 2021|archive-date=2 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202014908/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3721952|url-status=live}}</ref> The Baptists held their opening services on Sunday 20 February 1859.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 February 1859|title=Classified Advertising|volume=XIII|page=3|newspaper=[[The Moreton Bay Courier]]|issue=726|location=Queensland, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3720736|via=National Library of Australia|access-date=3 December 2021}}</ref> In 1874 it was relocated to [[Hendra, Queensland|Hendra]] to become the Baptist Church there, as many Baptists in Nundah had moved to the Hendra area.<ref>{{cite news|date=13 April 1891|title=HENDRA BAPTIST CHURCH.|volume=XLVII|page=5|newspaper=[[The Brisbane Courier]]|issue=10,372|location=Queensland, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3524736|via=National Library of Australia|access-date=1 December 2021|archive-date=2 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202014914/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3524736|url-status=live}}</ref>
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The Shire of Toombul War Memorial was dedicated by the [[Governor of Queensland]], [[Matthew Nathan]], on 12 November 1921. The memorial commemorates who served in World War I. It is located in Nundah Memorial Park (then known as Buckland Park, {{coord|-27.402890|153.058696|type:landmark_region:AU-QLD|name=Shire of Toombul War Memorial}}).<ref name=ma>{{cite web|title=The Shire of Toombul War Memorial|url=http://monumentaustralia.org.au/display/92206-the-shire-of-toombul-war-memorial|publisher=Monument Australia|access-date=25 May 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140526083346/http://monumentaustralia.org.au/display/92206-the-shire-of-toombul-war-memorial|archive-date=26 May 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article22616386 |title=TOOMBUL WAR MEMORIAL. |newspaper=[[The Queenslander]] |date=19 November 1921 |access-date=26 May 2014 |page=18 |publisher=National Library of Australia |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308040649/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/22616386 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Nundah Memorial Baptist Church opened in 1923.<ref name="bhsq.org"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=1923 Nundah Memorial|url=https://www.bhsq.org/barq/churches100years/images/1923-Nundah-Memorial.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-29|website=Baptist Church Archives Queensland|archive-date=26 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126080612/https://www.bhsq.org/barq/churches100years/images/1923-Nundah-Memorial.html}}</ref> Construction commenced in April 1923 with a [[stump-capping ceremony]] on Saturday 14 April 1923.<ref>{{cite news|date=7 April 1923|title=RELIGIOUS.|page=5|newspaper=[[The Brisbane Courier]]|issue=20,345|location=Queensland, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20612820|via=National Library of Australia|access-date=1 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=17 April 1923|title=BAPTIST MEMORIAL CHURCH.|page=10|newspaper=[[The Brisbane Courier]]|issue=20,353|location=Queensland, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20614717|via=National Library of Australia|access-date=1 December 2021}}</ref> It was officially opened on Saturday 4 August 1923. It has five memorial windows commemorating soldiers who died in [[World War I]].<ref>{{cite news|date=28 July 1923|title=Religious Notes.|page=10|newspaper=[[The Brisbane Courier]]|issue=20,441|location=Queensland, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20646778|via=National Library of Australia|access-date=1 December 2021|archive-date=2 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202014946/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/20646778|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=4 August 1923|title=NUNDAH BAPTISTS|page=18|newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Brisbane)|The Telegraph]]|issue=15,813|location=Queensland, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article182481007|access-date=1 December 2021|via=National Library of Australia|archive-date=2 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202014913/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/182481007|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=6 August 1923|title=NUNDAH MEMORIAL.|page=5 (SECOND EDITION)|newspaper=[[The Daily Standard (Brisbane)|Daily Standard]]|issue=3302|location=Queensland, Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article184703547|via=National Library of Australia|access-date=1 December 2021|archive-date=2 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202014912/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/184703547|url-status=live}}</ref> It was built to the west of the 1889 church.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Parker|first=David|date=1 December 2021|title=A Heritage Plaque of Triple Significance!|url=https://www.qbmagazine.org.au/a-heritage-plaque-of-triple-significance/|journal=QB Magazine Online|access-date=1 December 2021|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226015828/https://www.qbmagazine.org.au/a-heritage-plaque-of-triple-significance/|url-status=live}}</ref>
In November and December 1923, '10 Choice Allotments', were advertised as "Wheeler Estate", to be auctioned by Isles, Love & Co. Limited Auctioneers on 1 December 1923.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wheeler Estate Advertisement|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20661806|date=17 November 1923|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308040649/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/20661806|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wheeler Estate Advertisement|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20673255|date=24 November 1923|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308040713/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/20673255|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wheeler Estate Advertisement|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20675965|date=30 November 1923|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308040718/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/20675965|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wheeler Estate Advertisement|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20660629|date=1 December 1923|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308040650/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/20660629|url-status=live}}</ref> This estate was bounded by Sandgate Road to the west, by London Street to the east, and Northgate Road to the north.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wheeler Estate, Nundah|url=https://digital.slq.qld.gov.au/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?change_lng=en&dps_pid=IE424491|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308040651/https://digital.slq.qld.gov.au/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?change_lng=en&dps_pid=IE424491|url-status=live}}</ref>
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Nundah's commercial precinct suffered a precipitous decline from the 1970s with the construction of [[Centro Toombul|Toombul]] shopping centre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://westfield.com/corporate/pdf/history/chapter2.pdf|title=Chapter Two – 1960 – 1970 – Determination, Drive, and Debentures|publisher=[[Westfield Group]]|access-date=30 January 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409002424/http://westfield.com/corporate/pdf/history/chapter2.pdf|archive-date=9 April 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Increasing motor traffic along Sandgate Road also reduced Nundah's appeal as a shopping precinct as it was difficult to park. Gradually many shops closed, and those that opened in their place were often "low-class" establishments such as pawn brokers, charity stores etc. that were unappealing to most shoppers, driving them increasingly to shop at Toombul.
==== Renewal of Nundah ====
However, in 2001 the Nundah Bypass Tunnell was constructed under nearby Bage Street, diverting through traffic away from the suburban centre. There was considerable popular support to name the road tunnel after George Bridges in recognition of his contribution to the development of the district and the fact that the tunnel was located on his original land holding.<ref>Letter to Dept of Main Roads from Nundah & Districts Historical Society, 1 May 2001</ref> In 2009 as part of [[Q150|Queensland's 150th Birthday Celebrations]], the Nundah Bypass Tunnel was renamed "George Bridges Tunnel".<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://statements.cabinet.qld.gov.au/MMS/StatementDisplaySingle.aspx?id=67494 |title=Local pioneer honoured in Q150 celebrations – Thursday, November 19, 2009 |last=Wallace |first=Craig |publisher=Queensland Government |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110317012627/http://statements.cabinet.qld.gov.au/MMS/StatementDisplaySingle.aspx?id=67494 |archive-date=17 March 2011 |work=Ministerial Media statements |access-date=3 February 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref>
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Toombul Shopping Centre was damaged in the [[2022 Brisbane flood]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-10 |title=Brisbane shopping centre could take six months to reopen |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-03-11/brisbane-flood-damage-recovery-toombul-shopping-centre/100894374 |access-date=2022-05-28 |archive-date=30 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330075703/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-03-11/brisbane-flood-damage-recovery-toombul-shopping-centre/100894374 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":5" /> In May 2022, it was announced that the centre would not be reopening.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Parnell |first=Sean |date=2022-05-18 |title=Shopping centre to remain closed after flood damage deemed too extensive to fix |url=https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/shopping-centre-to-remain-closed-after-flood-damage-deemed-too-extensive-to-fix-20220518-p5ami6.html |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=Brisbane Times |language=en |archive-date=28 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528075638/https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/shopping-centre-to-remain-closed-after-flood-damage-deemed-too-extensive-to-fix-20220518-p5ami6.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Demographics ==
In the {{CensusAU|2016}}, Nundah had a population of 12,141 people. 63.1% of people were born in Australia. The most common countries of birth were India 5.9%, New Zealand 4.5%, England 3.2%, Philippines 1.4% and Nepal 1.3%.<ref name=Census2016>{{Census 2016 AUS|id=SSC32216|name=Nundah (SSC)|access-date=20 October 2018|quick=on}}</ref>
In the {{CensusAU|2021}}, Nundah had a population of 13,098 people.<ref name=Census2021>{{Census 2021 AUS|id=SAL32197|name=Nundah (SAL)|access-date=28 February 2023|quick=on}}</ref>
== Heritage listings ==
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Help Employment & Training at 1176 Sandgate Road provides training for people with disabilities and assists with finding jobs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.helpemployment.com.au/page/about-us|title=Disability Employment Agency|website=Help Employment & Training|language=en-AU|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226222254/https://www.helpemployment.com.au/page/about-us|archive-date=26 February 2020|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref>
== Amenities ==
===Shopping===▼
▲=== Shopping ===
[[File:NundahVillageShopping.jpg|thumb|right|Nundah Village shopping centre]]
Nundah retails a traditional "shopping strip" commercial district, centred mainly along the section of Sandgate Road that has been bypassed by the Nundah Bypass.<ref name="arup">{{cite web |title=Nundah Bypass |url=http://www.arup.com/australasia/project.cfm?pageid=1338 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071110175022/http://www.arup.com/australasia/project.cfm?pageid=1338 |archive-date=10 November 2007 |access-date=3 February 2008 |publisher=Arup |df=dmy-all}}</ref> There are plenty of cafes and speciality shops, as well as some medical facilities.
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Sir [[William Knox (Queensland politician)|William Knox]] Archives & Resource Centre is behind the Nundah Public Library.
=== Sport ===
The [[Toombul District Cricket Club]] is directly across Duke Street from Nundah railway station. It covers 3.5 hectares, and is bordered by York Street, Duke Street, Melton Road and Jenner Street. The club was founded in 1882, and has been based at Oxenham Park in the heart of Nundah since 1906. Famous players that have played for Toombul at Oxenham Park over the years include three of Don Bradman's 1948 Invincibles; [[Bill Brown (cricketer)|Bill Brown]], [[Colin McCool]], and [[Don Tallon]]. Others include [[Cameron Boyce (cricketer)|Cameron Boyce]], [[Wally Grout]], [[Ryan Harris (cricketer)|Ryan Harris]], [[Trevor Hohns]], [[Chris Lynn]], [[Ken Mackay]], [[Ron Oxenham]], [[Luke Pomersbach]], [[Matt Renshaw]], and [[Jeff Thomson]]
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* [[Meta Truscott]] Australian diarist
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== Further reading ==
* {{Citation |author1=Nundah and Districts Historical Society |title=From pioneering days, Nundah, Northgate, Virginia |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/8446460 |publication-date=2002 |publisher=Nundah and Districts Historical Society}}
== External links ==
{{commons category|Nundah, Queensland}}
* {{cite web|url=http://queenslandplaces.com.au/nundah|title=Nundah|publisher=Centre for the Government of Queensland, University of Queensland|website=Queensland Places}}
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