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[[File:Neva River basin map.svg|thumb|256px|Basin of Neva River]]
The '''Neva''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|iː|v|ə}} {{respell|NEE|və}}, {{IPAc-en|UKalso|ˈ|n|eɪ|v|ə}} {{respell|NAY|və}}; {{lang-rus|Нева́||nʲɪˈva|a=LL-Q7737 (rus)-Tatiana Kerbush-Нева.wav|links=yes}}) is a [[river]] in northwestern [[Russia]] flowing from [[Lake Ladoga]] through the western part of [[Leningrad Oblast]] (historical region of [[Ingria]]) to the [[Neva Bay]] of the [[Gulf of Finland]]. Despite its modest length
The Neva is the only river flowing from Lake Ladoga. It flows through the city of [[Saint Petersburg]], the three smaller towns of [[Shlisselburg]], [[Kirovsk, Leningrad Oblast|Kirovsk]] and [[Otradnoye, Kirovsky District, Leningrad Oblast|Otradnoye]], and dozens of settlements. It is navigable throughout and is part of the [[Volga–Baltic Waterway]] and [[White Sea–Baltic Canal]]. It is the site of many major historical events, including the [[Battle of the Neva]] in 1240 which gave [[Alexander Nevsky]] his name, the founding of Saint Petersburg in 1703, and the [[Siege of Leningrad]] by the German army during [[World War II]]. The river played a vital role in trade between [[Byzantium]] and [[Scandinavia]].
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===Ecological condition===
The Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring of Russia classifies the Neva as a "heavily polluted" river. The main pollutants include [[copper]], [[zinc]], [[manganese]], [[nitrite]]s and [[nitrogen]]. The dirtiest tributaries of the Neva are the Mga, Slavyanka, Ohta, and Chernaya.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ghi.aaanet.ru/node/47 |title= КАЧЕСТВО ПОВЕРХНОСТНЫХ ВОД РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ |access-date= 2010-06-23 |url-status=
In 2008, the Federal Service of St. Petersburg announced that no beach of the Neva was fit for swimming.<ref name="Grinpis">{{cite web |url= http://www.greenpeace.org/russia/ru/save-neva/project |title= Clean Neva |publisher= [[Greenpeace]] |language= ru |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100310173326/http://www.greenpeace.org/russia/ru/save-neva/project |archive-date= 10 March 2010 |access-date= 23 June 2010 }}</ref>
Cleaning of wastewater in Saint Petersburg started in 1979; by 1997, about 74% was purified. This rose to 85% in 2005, to 91.7% by 2008, and Feliks Karamzinov expected it to reach almost 100% by 2011 with the completion of the expansion of the main sewerage plant.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web
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== Commercial use ==
Neva has very few shoals and its banks are steep, making the river suited for navigation. Utkino Backwaters were constructed in the late 19th century to park unused ships. Neva is part of the major [[Volga–Baltic Waterway]] and [[White Sea – Baltic Canal]], however it has relatively low transport capacity because of its width, depth and bridges. Neva is available for vessels with capacity below 5,000 tonnes. Major transported goods include timber from [[Arkhangelsk Oblast|Arkhangelsk]] and [[Vologda Oblast|Vologda]]; [[apatite]], [[granite]] and [[diabase]] from [[Kola Peninsula]]; [[cast iron]] and [[steel]] from [[Cherepovets]]; coal from [[Donetsk]] and [[Kuznetsk]]; [[pyrite]] from Ural; [[potassium chloride]] from [[Solikamsk]]; oil from [[Volga]] region. There are also many passenger routes to [[Moscow]], [[Astrakhan]], [[Rostov, Yaroslavl Oblast|Rostov]], [[Perm, Russia|Perm]], [[Nizhny Novgorod]], [[Valaam]] and other destinations.<ref>[http://www.map.infoflot.ru/region_europe/index_euro.htm Russian river fleet and tourism INFOFLOT.RU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020231021/http://map.infoflot.ru/region_europe/index_euro.htm
To the west of Shlisselburg, an oil pipeline runs under the river. The pipeline is part of the [[Baltic Pipeline System]], which provides oil from Timan-Pechora plate, [[West Siberian economic region|West Siberia]], [[Ural economic region|Ural]], [[Kazakhstan]] and [[Primorsk, Leningrad Oblast|Primorsk]] to the Gulf of Finland. The {{convert|774|m|ft|adj=on}} long pipeline lies {{convert|7|to|9|m|ft|0}} below the river bottom and delivers about 42 million tonnes of oil a year.<ref>[http://www.vsluh.ru/news/oilgas/21602.html#Icon_In Transneft has finished laying a tunnel under the Neva] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724184052/http://www.vsluh.ru/news/oilgas/21602.html#Icon_In |date=24 July 2011 }}. Vsluh.ru (25 August 2008). Retrieved on 2013-07-13.</ref>
Near the [[Ladozhsky Bridge]] there is an underwater tunnel to host a gas [[pipeline transport|pipeline]] [[Nord Stream 1]]. The tunnel has a diameter of {{convert|2|m|ft}} and a length of {{convert|750|m|ft}} and is laid at a maximum depth of {{convert|25|m|ft}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.energospace.ru/2009/07/22/pod-nevojj-prolozhen-tonnel-dlja-severnogo-potoka.html |title=Под Невой проложен тоннель для "Северного потока" |access-date=2010-06-23 |url-status=
Neva is the main source of water (96 percent) of St. Petersburg and its suburbs. From 26 June 2009, St. Petersburg started processing the drinking water with ultraviolet light, abandoning the use of chlorine for disinfection.<ref>[http://www.vodokanal.spb.ru/vodosnabzhenie/tehnologii_ochistki/ Технологии очистки] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723042418/http://www.vodokanal.spb.ru/vodosnabzhenie/tehnologii_ochistki/ |date=23 July 2013 }}. vodokanal.spb.ru (in Russian).</ref> The Neva also has developed fishery, both commercial and recreational.<ref name = Geogr2/>
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{{see also|Saint Petersburg}}
Whereas most tourist attractions of Neva are located within St. Petersburg, there are several historical places upstream, in the Leningrad Oblast. They include the fortress [[Shlisselburg|Oreshek]], which was built in 1323 on the Orekhovy Island at the source of Neva River, south-west of the Petrokrepost Bay, near the city of [[Shlisselburg]]. The waterfront of Schlisselburg has a monument of Peter I.<ref name=old>[http://www.map.infoflot.ru/region_europe/sever_zapad/ladoga/channel/old_new_ladoga/old_new_ladoga.htm Староладожский и Новоладожский каналы] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091215152057/http://www.map.infoflot.ru/region_europe/sever_zapad/ladoga/channel/old_new_ladoga/old_new_ladoga.htm
[[Ladoga Canal|Old Ladoga Canal]], built in the first half of the 18th century, is a water transport route along the shore of Lake Ladoga which is connecting the River Volkhov and Neva.<ref name=old/> Some of its historical structures are preserved, such as a four-chamber granite sluice (1836) and a bridge (1832).
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* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Neva|short=x}}
* {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Neva|short=x}}
* [http://nevariver.ru Neva River] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321065427/http://nevariver.ru/ |date=21 March 2007 }} {{in lang|ru}}
* {{cite web|url=http://parovoz.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=3743|title=Links to a collection of "ice-tram" service photos|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131093432/http://parovoz.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=3743|archive-date=31 January 2013|language=ru}}
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