Content deleted Content added
m use same spelling throughout |
Rhynhardtk (talk | contribs) m →United States v. Cárdenas-Guillén: Removed errant hyphen |
||
(28 intermediate revisions by 24 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{short description|Mexican drug lord incarcerated in a US federal prison}}
{{
{{use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox
▲ |name = Osiel Cárdenas Guillén
▲ |image = OsielCardenasmugshot.jpg
▲ |image_size =
▲ |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1967|5|18|df=y}}
▲ |birth_place = [[Matamoros, Tamaulipas]], Mexico
▲ |known_for = [[Gulf Cartel]] leader
| imprisoned = [[USP Terre Haute]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bop.gov/inmateloc/ |title=Federal Bureau of Prisons Inmate Locator |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Federal Bureau of Prisons |publisher=United States Department of Justice |access-date=17 April 2020 |quote=BOP Register Number: 62604-079}}</ref>
▲ |criminal_penalty = 25-year prison sentence
| conviction = [[Controlled Substances Act|Conspiracy to possess cocaine and marijuana with intent to distribute (21 U.S.C. §§ 841 and 846)]]<br>[[Title 18 of the United States Code|Conspiracy to commit money laundering (18 U.S.C. § 1956)]]<br>[[Title 18 of the United States Code|Threatening to assault and murder federal agents (18 U.S.C. §§ 2 and 115)]] (3 counts)
▲ |criminal_status = Incarcerated
}}
'''Osiel Cárdenas Guillén''' (born 18 May 1967) is a Mexican drug lord and the former leader of the [[Gulf Cartel]] and [[Los Zetas]]. Originally a mechanic in [[Matamoros, Tamaulipas]], he entered the cartel by killing [[Juan García Abrego]]'s friend and competitor Salvador Gómez, after the former's arrest in 1996. As confrontations with rival groups heated up, Osiel Cárdenas sought and recruited over 30 deserters from the ''[[Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales]]'' to form the cartel's armed wing.<ref>{{cite news|title=
After a shootout with the Mexican military in 2003, Cárdenas was arrested and imprisoned. In 2007 he was extradited to the U.S. and in 2010 he was sentenced to 25 years in prison for money laundering, drug trafficking
==Arrest of
Following [[Juan García
==Cárdenas era and Los Zetas==
In 1997, the Gulf Cartel began to recruit military personnel that [[José de Jesús Gutiérrez Rebollo|Jesús Gutiérrez Rebollo]], an army general of that time, had assigned as representatives from the [[Attorney General of Mexico]]'s offices in certain states across Mexico. After his imprisonment a short time later, Jorge Madrazo Cuéllar created the National Public Security System (SNSP), to fight the drug cartels along the [[Mexico–United States border|U.S-Mexico border]]. After Osiel Cárdenas took full control of the Gulf Cartel in 1999, he found himself in a no-holds-barred fight to keep his notorious organization and leadership untouched, and sought out members of the [[Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales|Mexican Army Special Forces]] to become the military armed-wing of the Gulf Cartel.<ref>{{cite news|title=¿Quienes son los Zetas? |url=http://www.blogdelnarco.info/%C2%BFquienes-son-los-zetas/ |newspaper=[[Blog del Narco]] |date=7 March 2010 |url-status=dead |
One of the first missions of Los Zetas was to eradicate Los Chachos, a group of drug traffickers under the orders of the [[Milenio Cartel]], who disputed the drug corridors of Tamaulipas with the Gulf Cartel in 2003.<ref>{{cite news|title=Surge nuevo 'narcoperfil|url=http://www2.eluniversal.com.mx/pls/impreso/noticia.html?id_nota=100976&tabla=nacion|
The death of [[Arturo Guzmán Decena]] (2002),<ref>{{cite news|last=Sullivan|first=Kevin|title=Betrayal on the Mexican Border|url=http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/drugs/zeta.htm|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=21 June 2004}}</ref> and the capture of Rogelio González Pizaña (2004),<ref>{{cite web|last=Sánchez|first=Jesús Olguín|title=Cae líder de los "Zetas"|url=http://fox.presidencia.gob.mx/buenasnoticias/index.php?contenido=15690|publisher=México: Presidencia de la República|
==Cárdenas' standoff with U.S. agents==
{{Main|1999 Matamoros standoff}}
On 9 November 1999, two U.S. agents from the [[Drug Enforcement Administration]] (DEA) and [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) were threatened at gunpoint by Cárdenas and approximately fifteen of his henchmen in Matamoros. The two agents traveled to Matamoros with an informant to gather intelligence on the operations of the Gulf Cartel.<ref name=deastandoff>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mysanantonio.com/news/mexico/article/Dangers-higher-for-federal-agents-1033781.php|title=Dangers higher for federal agents|last=Buch|first=Json|date=28 February 2011|work=[[San Antonio Express-News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127110405/https://www.mysanantonio.com/news/mexico/article/Dangers-higher-for-federal-agents-1033781.php|archive-date=27 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="deahouston">{{Cite news|url=https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/DEA-agent-breaks-silence-on-standoff-with-cartel-1713234.php|title=DEA agent breaks silence on standoff with cartel|last=Schiller|first=Dane|date=15 March 2010|work=[[The Houston Chronicle]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127193446/https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/DEA-agent-breaks-silence-on-standoff-with-cartel-1713234.php|archive-date=27 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Cárdenas demanded that the agents and the informant
The standoff triggered a massive law enforcement effort to crack down on the leadership structure of the Gulf Cartel. Both the Mexican and U.S. governments increased their efforts to apprehend Cárdenas. Prior to the standoff, he was regarded as a minor player in the [[Illegal drug trade|international drug trade]], but this incident grew his reputation and made him one of the most-wanted criminals.<ref name="graysondea">{{Cite news|url=https://www.brownsvilleherald.com/news/valley/grayson-zapata-slaying-will-have-repercussions/article_9ea1164e-6747-5656-8dc9-10d46ea919bc.html|title=Grayson: Zapata slaying will have repercussions
==Kingpin Act sanction==
On 1 June 2001, the [[U.S. Department of the Treasury]] sanctioned Cárdenas under the [[Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act|Kingpin Act]], for his involvement in drug trafficking along with eleven other international criminals.<ref>{{cite web|title=DESIGNATIONS PURSUANT TO THE FOREIGN NARCOTICS KINGPIN DESIGNATION ACT|url=http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Documents/narco_designations_kingpin.pdf|publisher=[[United States Department of the Treasury]]|
==Cárdenas' arrest and extradition==
[[File:OsielCardenas-DEA.jpg|right|220px|thumb|Osiel Cárdenas' extradition to the United States from Mexico.]]
Osiel Cárdenas Guillén was captured in the city of [[Matamoros, Tamaulipas|Matamoros]], on 14 March 2003 in a shootout between the Mexican military and Gulf Cartel gunmen.<ref name='arrest'>{{cite news | title='Drug boss' captured in Mexico | date=15 March 2003 |
The arrest and extradition of Osiel Cárdenas, however, caused several top lieutenants from both the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas to fight over important drug corridors to the United States, especially in the cities of Matamoros, [[Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas|Nuevo Laredo]], [[Reynosa, Tamaulipas|Reynosa]], and [[Tampico, Tamaulipas|Tampico]]—all situated in Tamaulipas state. They also fought for coastal cities [[Acapulco, Guerrero|Acapulco]] and [[Cancún, Quintana Roo|Cancún]]; the state capital of [[Monterrey, Nuevo León|Monterrey]], and the states of [[Veracruz (state)|Veracruz]] and [[San Luis Potosí]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Desertor del Ejército, nuevo líder del cártel del Golfo: informes castrenses|url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2008/02/03/index.php?section=politica&article=009n1pol|newspaper=[[La Jornada]]|date=3 February 2008}}</ref> Using violence and intimidation, [[Heriberto Lazcano]] took control of both Los Zetas and the Gulf Cartel after Cárdenas’ extradition.<ref>{{cite web|title=Detienen a un líder del Cártel del Golfo en Tabasco|url=http://www2.esmas.com/noticierostelevisa/mexico/011667/detienen-lider-del-cartel-del-golfo-tabasco|website=Esmas.com|date=7 September 2008|access-date=29 January 2012|archive-date=23 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123100130/http://www2.esmas.com/noticierostelevisa/mexico/011667/detienen-lider-del-cartel-del-golfo-tabasco|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lieutenants who were once loyal to Cárdenas began following Lazcano's orders. He tried to reorganize the cartel by appointing several lieutenants to control specific territories. [[Miguel Treviño Morales|Morales Treviño]] was appointed to oversee [[Nuevo León]];<ref>{{cite news|title=Miguel Morales Treviño, Z-40, un narco violento ya está en la mira|url=http://www.mundonarco.com/2010/12/miguel-trevino-morales-alias-el-z-40-un.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223101533/http://www.mundonarco.com/2010/12/miguel-trevino-morales-alias-el-z-40-un.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 December 2010|newspaper=Mundo Narco|date=2010-12-22}}</ref> [[Jorge Eduardo Costilla Sánchez]] in Matamoros;<ref>{{cite web|title=Loz Zetas: Grupo Paramilitar Mexicano|url=http://www.policiasysociedad.org/userfiles/aclaracionessobreloszetas_esp.pdf|publisher=Policias y Sociedad|
▲The arrest and extradition of Osiel Cárdenas, however, caused several top lieutenants from both the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas to fight over important drug corridors to the United States, especially in the cities of Matamoros, [[Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas|Nuevo Laredo]], [[Reynosa, Tamaulipas|Reynosa]], and [[Tampico, Tamaulipas|Tampico]]—all situated in Tamaulipas state. They also fought for coastal cities [[Acapulco, Guerrero|Acapulco]] and [[Cancún, Quintana Roo|Cancún]]; the state capital of [[Monterrey, Nuevo León|Monterrey]], and the states of [[Veracruz (state)|Veracruz]] and [[San Luis Potosí]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Desertor del Ejército, nuevo líder del cártel del Golfo: informes castrenses|url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2008/02/03/index.php?section=politica&article=009n1pol|newspaper=[[La Jornada]]|date=3 February 2008}}</ref> Using violence and intimidation, [[Heriberto Lazcano]] took control of both Los Zetas and the Gulf Cartel after Cárdenas’ extradition.<ref>{{cite web|title=Detienen a un líder del Cártel del Golfo en Tabasco|url=http://www2.esmas.com/noticierostelevisa/mexico/011667/detienen-lider-del-cartel-del-golfo-tabasco|website=Esmas.com|date=7 September 2008}}</ref> Lieutenants who were once loyal to Cárdenas began following Lazcano's orders. He tried to reorganize the cartel by appointing several lieutenants to control specific territories. [[Miguel Treviño Morales|Morales Treviño]] was appointed to oversee [[Nuevo León]];<ref>{{cite news|title=Miguel Morales Treviño, Z-40, un narco violento ya está en la mira|url=http://www.mundonarco.com/2010/12/miguel-trevino-morales-alias-el-z-40-un.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223101533/http://www.mundonarco.com/2010/12/miguel-trevino-morales-alias-el-z-40-un.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 December 2010|newspaper=Mundo Narco|date=2010-12-22}}</ref> [[Jorge Eduardo Costilla Sánchez]] in Matamoros;<ref>{{cite web|title=Loz Zetas: Grupo Paramilitar Mexicano|url=http://www.policiasysociedad.org/userfiles/aclaracionessobreloszetas_esp.pdf|publisher=Policias y Sociedad|accessdate=6 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110626114555/http://www.policiasysociedad.org/userfiles/aclaracionessobreloszetas_esp.pdf|archive-date=26 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Héctor Manuel Sauceda Gamboa]], nicknamed ''El Karis'', took control of Nuevo Laredo;<ref>{{cite news|title=Cartel leader believed slain in Reynosa violence|url=http://www.themonitor.com/articles/leader-23347-cartel-violence.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090520033957/http://www.themonitor.com/articles/leader-23347-cartel-violence.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 May 2009|newspaper=[[The Monitor (Texas)|The Monitor]]|date=17 February 2009}}</ref> Gregorio Sauceda Gamboa, known as ''El Goyo'', along with his brother Arturo, took control of the Reynosa plaza;<ref>{{cite news|title=Confirman militares enfrentamiento con narcotraficantes|url=http://www.juanruizhealy.com/articulos/notas_de_ventanas/el_manana.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020105081924/http://www.juanruizhealy.com/articulos/notas_de_ventanas/el_manana.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 January 2002|newspaper=El Mañana: Reynosa|date=27 November 2009}}</ref> Arturo Basurto Peña, alias ''El Grande'', and Iván Velásquez Caballero alias ''El Talibán'' took control of [[Quintana Roo]] and Guerrero;<ref>{{cite news|title=Revelan que desertor del Ejército mexicano liderea Cártel del Golfo|url=http://www.elporvenir.com.mx/notas.asp?nota_id=191211|newspaper=El Porvenir|date=3 February 2008|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406214727/http://www.elporvenir.com.mx/notas.asp?nota_id=191211|archivedate=6 April 2012}}</ref> and Alberto Sánchez Hinojosa, alias ''Comandante Castillo'', took over [[Tabasco]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Capturan al líder de los ‘Zetas’ en Tabasco|url=http://www.tabascohoy.com/noticia.php?id_nota=162045|newspaper=Tabasco Hoy|date=8 September 2008}}</ref> However, continual disagreement was leading the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas into an inevitable rupture.
In 2007, Osiel Cárdenas was extradited to the United States and charged with conspiracy to traffic large amounts of marijuana and cocaine, violating the [[Continuing Criminal Enterprise]] Statute (also known as The Kingpin Statute), and for threatening two U.S. federal officers.<ref>{{cite web|title=United States of America v. Cardenas-Guillen|url=http://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/opinions/pub/10/10-40221-CV0.wpd.pdf|publisher=United States Court of Appeals for the Southern District of Texas|
Nearly $30 million of the former drug lord's assets were distributed among several Texas law enforcement agencies.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assets from drug boss go to Texas law enforcement|url=http://www.chron.com/default/article/Assets-from-drug-boss-go-to-Texas-law-enforcement-2584517.php|
▲===United States v. Cárdenas-Guillén===
▲In 2007, Osiel Cárdenas was extradited to the United States and charged with conspiracy to traffic large amounts of marijuana and cocaine, violating the [[Continuing Criminal Enterprise]] Statute (also known as The Kingpin Statute), and for threatening two U.S. federal officers.<ref>{{cite web|title=United States of America v. Cardenas-Guillen|url=http://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/opinions/pub/10/10-40221-CV0.wpd.pdf|publisher=United States Court of Appeals for the Southern District of Texas|accessdate=28 January 2012}}</ref> The standoff the two agents had with the drug lord in 1999 in the city of Matamoros led to the U.S. indicting Cárdenas and pressuring the Mexican government to capture him.<ref>{{cite news|title=DEA agent talks of 1999 Matamoros standoff with Osiel Cardenas-Guillen|url=http://www.brownsvilleherald.com/articles/houston-109730-matamoros-agent.html|accessdate=28 January 2012|newspaper=[[The Brownsville Herald]]|date=15 March 2010}}</ref> In 2010 he was finally sentenced to 25 years in prison after being charged with 22 federal charges;<ref>{{cite news|title=Extradition: Past cases highlight limits|url=http://www.brownsvilleherald.com/articles/former-123571-boss-past.html|accessdate=28 January 2012|newspaper=The Brownsville Herald|date=5 March 2011}}</ref> the courtroom was locked and the public prevented from witnessing the proceedings.<ref>{{cite news|last=Langford|first=Terri|title=New U.S. attorney no stranger to Houston|url=http://www.chron.com/default/article/New-U-S-attorney-no-stranger-to-Houston-2261216.php|accessdate=28 January 2012|newspaper=[[The Houston Chronicle]]|date=9 November 2011}}</ref> The proceedings took place in the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas]] in the border city of [[Brownsville, Texas|Brownsville]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Perez|first=Emma|title=Cardenas Guillen awaits trial|url=http://www.brownsvilleherald.com/news/guillen-90235-cardenas-trial.html|accessdate=28 January 2012|newspaper=The Brownsville Herald|date=23 September 2008}}</ref> Cárdenas was isolated from interacting with other prisoners at [[ADX Florence]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Schiller|first=Dane|title=Mexican drug lords decry U.S. prison conditions|url=http://www.chron.com/default/article/Mexican-drug-lords-decry-U-S-prison-conditions-2195808.php|accessdate=28 January 2012|newspaper=The Houston Chronicle|date=30 September 2011}}</ref> He was eventually transferred to [[USP Florence High]].
==In popular culture==
▲Nearly $30 million of the former drug lord's assets were distributed among several Texas law enforcement agencies.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assets from drug boss go to Texas law enforcement|url=http://www.chron.com/default/article/Assets-from-drug-boss-go-to-Texas-law-enforcement-2584517.php|accessdate=28 January 2012|newspaper=The Houston Chronicle|date=17 January 2012}}</ref> In exchange for a 25-year sentence, he agreed to collaborate with U.S. agents in intelligence information.<ref>{{cite news|last=Schiller|first=Dane|title=Trafficking defendant: I was a DEA informer|url=http://www.chron.com/default/article/Trafficking-defendant-I-was-a-DEA-informer-1717657.php|accessdate=28 January 2012|newspaper=The Houston Chronicle|date=4 August 2011}}</ref> The U.S. federal court awarded two helicopters owned by Osiel Cárdenas to the [[Business Development Bank of Canada]] and GE Canada Equipment Financing respectively; and both of them were bought using "drug proceeds".<ref>{{cite news|title=U.S. turns over custody of Cardenas-Guillen helicopters to businesses|url=http://www.themonitor.com/articles/helicopters-48551-cardenas-guillen.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110402045519/http://www.themonitor.com/articles/helicopters-48551-cardenas-guillen.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 April 2011|accessdate=28 January 2012|newspaper=The Monitor|date=29 March 2011}}</ref>
A character loosely based on Osiel Cárdenas Guillen, named "Raciel", was a major [[supporting character]] in the second season of [[El Chapo (TV series)|the 2017 TV series "El Chapo"]].
==References==
Line 59 ⟶ 62:
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Mexican drug traffickers]]
[[Category:Mexican people imprisoned abroad]]
[[Category:People of the Mexican Drug War]]
[[Category:Mexican
[[Category:People from Matamoros, Tamaulipas]]
[[Category:People extradited from Mexico to the United States]]
Line 67 ⟶ 71:
[[Category:People involved in the 1999 Matamoros standoff]]
[[Category:Founding members of Los Zetas]]
[[Category:Inmates of ADX Florence]]
|