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{{Short description|Public perception of an individual's job}}
[[Sociologist]]s use the concept of '''
{{Cite journal|last1= Hauser|first1= Robert M.|last2= Warren|first2= John Robert|date= 1997|title= Socioeconomic Indexes for Occupations: A Review, Update, and Critique|journal= Sociological Methodology|language= en|volume= 27|issue= 1|pages= 177–298|doi= 10.1111/1467-9531.271028|s2cid= 143449571|issn= 1467-9531 | quote = We conclude that composite indexes of occupational socioeconomic status are scientifically obsolete.}}
</ref>
==History==
People rate the ‘general standing’ of an occupation (the most common question). It is taken to be a measure of occupational prestige and hence of the [[social status]] of occupations. Many other criteria have been proposed, including ‘social usefulness’ as well as ‘prestige’ and ‘status’ themselves. In order to obtain the scale of occupations (which is invariably taken to be national in application), respondents' ratings are aggregated.
Job prestige did not become a fully developed concept until 1947 when the [[National Opinion Research Center]] (NORC), under the leadership of Cecil C. North,<ref name="North1949">{{cite journal | last1 = North
* The consensual nature of rating a job based on the collective belief of its worthiness.
* Prestige is the measurement of the "desirability" of an occupation in terms of socioeconomic rewards.
* Prestige reflects factual, scientific knowledge about the material rewards attached to certain occupations.
Different people seem to weight these issues differently in their understanding of prestige. Most people seem to implicitly view prestige as a weighted average of income and education and this is the operational definition used in indices like DSI and ISEI. However other people (especially in the working class) seem to have more moralized notions of how much a job helps society and would, for instance, rate doctors high and lawyers low even though both jobs require postgraduate degrees and earn high incomes.<ref>Donald J. Treiman. (1977). Occupational Prestige in Comparative Perspective. New York: ''Academic Press''.</ref><ref>
The indicators most commonly used to measure SES come from Duncan's (1961) Socioeconomic Index (SEI), a composite of occupational prestige, income, and education. Duncan used data from North and Hart's study of 1949 occupational prestige and census data <ref name="North1949"/> to conduct the first correlational study of the statistical relationship between education, income, and occupation. Duncan focused on white males with at least a high school education and income of $3,500
The SEI model continues to influence the way researchers measure SES. The National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS:88, NCES, 1988) initially employed a measure of SES developed by Stevens and Featherman (1981) based on father's income, mother's income, father's education, mother's education, and father's and mother's occupation as rated by the SEI model. In the first-year follow-up study, the [[National Center for Education Statistics]] (1990) used the Nakao and Treas (1994) revised SEI model.
<ref name="Nakao">{{cite journal | last1 = Nakao
==Calculating occupational prestige in the United States==
During the 1960s through the 1980s job prestige was calculated in a variety of different ways. People were given index cards with about 100 or so jobs listed on them and had to rank them from most to least prestigious. This ranking system was known as placing jobs in a "ladder of social standing." Another method they used in this time period was to have the respondents rank jobs on a "horizontal ruler" using specific guidelines such as estimated income, freedom of choice, and how interesting the job was. No matter what the method the outcomes were generally the same
Although pay and fame have little to do with occupational prestige,
A 2007 [[Harris Poll]] of 1,010 U.S. adults suggested that occupational prestige is linked to perceived impact on community welfare
* Those who see teachers as having "very great" prestige has risen 25 points from 29 to 54 percent;
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===Occupations by prestige (NORC)===
The list of occupations by prestige assembled by the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) in 1989 is the one most commonly used. The list<ref>{{cite web|title=Norc Scores|url=http://ibgwww.colorado.edu/~agross/NNSD/prestige%20scores.html|work=Colorado Adoption Project: Resources for Researchers|publisher=Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder|
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
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! scope="col" | Prestige
|-
| Surgeon || 76
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| Astronaut || 72
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| Mayor of a Large City || 72
|-
| Professor in a Leading College or University || 71
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|
|-
| Obstetrician/Gynecologist || 70
|-
| Aeronautical Engineer
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| Justice of a Municipal Court || 69
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| Member of the Board of a Large Corporation || 69
|-
|
|-
| Chemist || 67
|-
| Colonel in the Army || 67
|-
| Dentist || 67
|-
| Engineer || 67
|-
|
|-
| Secret Service Agent || 66
| Teacher || 73.51▼
|-
|
|-
|
|-
| Computer Scientist/Computer Hardware Engineer || 64
|-
|
|-
| Environmental Scientist || 65
|-
| Fire Department Lieutenant || 62
|-
| Banker || 61
|-
|-
| Sociologist || 61
|-
| Soldier || 60
|-
| Policeman || 60
|-
| Business Entrepreneur || 58
|-
| Chief Technology Officer || 58
|-
| Accountant || 57
|-
| Actor || 57
|}
== See also ==
* [[Achieved status]]
* [[Identity performance]]
* [[Occupational inequality]]
* [[Otis Dudley Duncan]]
* [[Role engulfment]]
* [[Status attainment]]
* [[Status symbol]]
== References ==
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=== Sources ===
* {{cite journal | last1 = Stevens
* {{cite journal | last1 = Klaczynski
* "In U.S., Women's Weight Gain Brings Loss of Income, Job Prestige, Study Finds." Health & Medicine Weekly, 2005, June. Retrieved March 9, 2006, from NewRx database.
* Schooler, C., & Schoenbach, C. (1994, September). "Social Class, Occupational Status, Occupational Self-Direction, and Job Income: A Cross-National Examination. Sociological Forum." Academic Search Premier database, 1994, September 431–459.
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[[Category:Sociological terminology]]
[[Category:Occupations]]
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