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{{Short description|Public perception of an individual's job}}
[[Sociologist]]s use the concept of '''occupational prestige''' (also known as '''job prestige''') to measure the relative [[social class
{{Cite journal|last1= Hauser|first1= Robert M.|last2= Warren|first2= John Robert|date= 1997|title= Socioeconomic Indexes for Occupations: A Review, Update, and Critique|journal= Sociological Methodology|language= en|volume= 27|issue= 1|pages= 177–298|doi= 10.1111/1467-9531.271028|s2cid= 143449571|issn= 1467-9531 | quote = We conclude that composite indexes of occupational socioeconomic status are scientifically obsolete.}}
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==History==
People rate the ‘general standing’ of an occupation (the most common question). It is taken to be a measure of occupational prestige and hence of the [[social status]] of occupations. Many other criteria have been proposed, including ‘social usefulness’ as well as ‘prestige’ and ‘status’ themselves. In order to obtain the scale of occupations (which is invariably taken to be national in application), respondents' ratings are aggregated.
Job prestige did not become a fully developed concept until 1947 when the [[National Opinion Research Center]] (NORC), under the leadership of Cecil C. North,<ref name="North1949">{{cite journal | last1 = North | first1 = C. | last2 = Hatt | first2 = P. K. | year = 1949 | title = Jobs and Occupations: A popular evaluation | journal = Opinion News | volume = 9 | page = 313 }}</ref> conducted a [[opinion poll|survey]] which held questions regarding age, [[education]], and [[income]] in regard to the prestige of certain [[employment|job]]s. This was the first time job prestige had ever been researched, measured, and taught. Duncan's Socioeconomic Index (DSI, SEI) <ref name=Duncan1961>Duncan, O. D. (1961). A Socioeconomic Index for all Occupations. In J. Reiss, Jr. (Ed.), Occupations and Social Status (pp. 109–138). New York: Free Press of Glencoe</ref> became one of the most important outcomes of this survey, as it gave various occupational categories different scores based on the survey results as well as the result of [[1950 United States Census|the 1950 Census of Population]]. During the 1960s the NORC did a second generation of surveys which became the basis for the socioeconomic status (SES) score until the 1980s as well as the foundation for Trieman's International Prestige Scale in 1977. Out of these surveys and research job prestige has been defined in various ways. Some definitions include:
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Different people seem to weight these issues differently in their understanding of prestige. Most people seem to implicitly view prestige as a weighted average of income and education and this is the operational definition used in indices like DSI and ISEI. However other people (especially in the working class) seem to have more moralized notions of how much a job helps society and would, for instance, rate doctors high and lawyers low even though both jobs require postgraduate degrees and earn high incomes.<ref>Donald J. Treiman. (1977). Occupational Prestige in Comparative Perspective. New York: ''Academic Press''.</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Young | first1 = Michael | last2 = Willmott | first2 = Peter | year = 1956 | title = Social Grading by Manual Workers | journal = British Journal of Sociology | volume = 7 | issue = 4| pages = 337–345 | doi=10.2307/586697| jstor = 586697 }}</ref>
The indicators most commonly used to measure SES come from Duncan's (1961) Socioeconomic Index (SEI), a composite of occupational prestige, income, and education. Duncan used data from North and Hart's study of 1949 occupational prestige and census data <ref name="North1949"/> to conduct the first correlational study of the statistical relationship between education, income, and occupation. Duncan focused on white males with at least a high school education and income of $3,500
The SEI model continues to influence the way researchers measure SES. The National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS:88, NCES, 1988) initially employed a measure of SES developed by Stevens and Featherman (1981) based on father's income, mother's income, father's education, mother's education, and father's and mother's occupation as rated by the SEI model. In the first-year follow-up study, the [[National Center for Education Statistics]] (1990) used the Nakao and Treas (1994) revised SEI model.
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===Occupations by prestige (NORC)===
The list of occupations by prestige assembled by the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) in 1989 is the one most commonly used. The list<ref>{{cite web|title=Norc Scores|url=http://ibgwww.colorado.edu/~agross/NNSD/prestige%20scores.html|work=Colorado Adoption Project: Resources for Researchers|publisher=Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder|access-date=26 October 2012}}</ref> includes over 800 occupations, but only the top
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
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! scope="col" | Prestige
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| Surgeon || 76
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| Astronaut || 72
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| Mayor of a Large City || 72
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| Professor in a Leading College or University || 71
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| Obstetrician/Gynecologist || 70
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| Aeronautical Engineer
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| Justice of a Municipal Court || 69
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| Member of the Board of a Large Corporation || 69
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| Chemist || 67
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| Colonel in the Army || 67
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| Dentist || 67
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| Secret Service Agent || 66
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| Computer Scientist/Computer Hardware Engineer || 64
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| Environmental Scientist || 65
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| Fire Department Lieutenant || 62
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| Banker || 61
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| High School Teacher || 61
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| Sociologist || 61
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| Soldier || 60
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| Policeman || 60
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| Business Entrepreneur || 58
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| Chief Technology Officer || 58
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| Accountant || 57
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| Actor || 57
|}
== See also ==
* [[Achieved status]]
* [[Identity performance]]
* [[Occupational inequality]]
* [[Otis Dudley Duncan]]
* [[Role engulfment]]
* [[Status attainment]]
* [[Status symbol]]
== References ==
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