Persian calligraphy: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit Next edit →

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Revision as of 21:33, 11 November 2022 edit Filedelinkerbot (talk \| contribs) Bots, Rollbackers 263,085 edits Bot: Removing c:File:Agar gham lashkar angizad.jpg (en). Deleted by Infrogmation (per Commons:Commons:Deletion requests/Files uploaded by Sepidnoor). ← Previous edit		Revision as of 04:49, 11 June 2024 edit undo Jebeadso (talk \| contribs) 31 edits No edit summary Tag: Visual edit Next edit →
(13 intermediate revisions by 9 users not shown)
Line 1: {{Short description\|Writing art of the Persian language}} {{Calligraphy}} '''Persian calligraphy''' or '''Iranian calligraphy''' ({{lang-fa\|{{Nastaliq\|خوشنِویسیِ ایرانی}}\|translit=Xošnevisi-ye Irani}}}}), is the [[calligraphy]] of the [[Persian language]]. It is one of the most revered arts throughout the [[history of Iran]]. ==History== Line 8: ===History of Nasta'liq=== After the [[Muslim conquest of Persia\|introduction of Islam]] in the 7th century, Persians adapted the Arabic alphabet to [[Persian language\|Persian]] and developed the contemporary [[Persian alphabet]]. The Arabic alphabet has 28 characters. An additional four letters were added by Iranians,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|date=\|title=History - Persian Calligraphy- All about Persian Calligraphy\|url=http://www.persiancalligraphy.org/History-of-Calligraphy.html\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904062040/http://www.persiancalligraphy.org/History-of-Calligraphy.html\|archive-date=2015-09-04\|access-date=2021-03-17\|website=persiancalligraphy.org}}</ref> which resulted in the 32 letters currently present in the Persian alphabet. Around one thousand years ago, [[Ibn Muqlah]] ({{lang-fa\|{{Nastaliq\|ابنِ مقله بيضاوی شيرازی}}}}) and his brother created six genres of Iranian calligraphy, namely "[[Muhaqqaq\|Mohaqiq]]", "[[Rayhani script\|Reyhan]]", "[[Thuluth\|Sols]]", "[[Naskh (script)\|Naskh]]", "[[Tawqi\|Toqi]]" and "[[Reqa]]". These genres were common for four centuries in Persia. In the 7th century (Hijri calendar), Hassan Farsi Kateb combined the "Naskh" and "~~Reqah~~Reqa" styles and invented a new genre of Persian calligraphy named "[[Ta'liq (script)\|Ta'liq]]". In the 14th century, Mir Ali Tabrizi combined two major scripts of his time, i.e. Naskh and Taliq, and created a new Persian calligraphic style called "Nas’taliq".<ref name=":0" /> In the past 500 years [[Nastaʿlīq]] (also anglicized as Nastaleeq; {{lang-fa\|{{Nastaliq\|نستعلیق}}}} ''{{~~transl~~transliteration\|fa\|nastaʿlīq}}'') has been the predominant style for writing the [[Perso-Arabic script]]. In the 17th century Morteza Gholi Khan Shamlou and Mohammad Shafi Heravi created a new genre called cursive Nastaʿlīq [[Shekasteh Nastaʿlīq]] ({{lang-fa\|{{Nastaliq\|شکسته نستعلیق}}}})). Almost a century later, Abdol-Majid Taleqani, who was a prominent artist at the time, brought this genre to its highest level. This calligraphic style is based on the same rules as Nas’taliq. However, cursive Nas’taliq has a few significant differences: it provides more flexible movements, and it is slightly more stretched and curved. Yadollah Kaboli is one of the most prominent contemporary calligraphers within this style. <gallery> File:Sultan 'Ali Mashhadi (Persian, 1442-1519). Folio of Poetry From the Divan of Sultan Husayn Mirza, ca. 1490.jpg\|''Folio of Poetry From the Divan of Sultan Husayn Mirza'', ~~ca.~~ {{circa\|1490}}. [[Brooklyn Museum]]. File:Agra castle India persian poem.jpg\|Calligraphy of Persian poems on large [[pishtaq]] at the [[Agra Fort]], [[India]] File:Miremad-1.jpg\|Chalipa panel, [[Mir Emad]]. File:Khalili Collection Islamic Art cal 0175.2.jpg\|Calligraphic composition by Shah Mahmud Nishapuri, a 16th -century master of Nasta'liq </gallery> Line 34: [[Shekasteh Nastaʿlīq]] (Cursive Nasta'liq) Naghashi-khat (Painting-Calligraphy combined) ==Most notable figures== {{more citations needed\|date=August 2015}} [[Mir Ali Tabrizi]] [[Mir Emad]] [[Mírzá ʻAbbás Núrí]] [[Mishkín-Qalam]] [[Gholam Hossein Amirkhani]] Line 48 ⟶ 47: == References == {{Reflist}} ~~<references />~~ ==External links== {{commons category\|Persian calligraphy}} Line 54: [http://persiancalligraphy.org/History-of-Calligraphy.html Brief history of Persian Calligraphy] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140102192513/http://ioragallery.com/explore/about-persian-calligraphy About history of Persian Calligraphy and its different styles] [https://www.reed.edu/persian-calligraphy/en/ Anthology of Iranian Masters of Calligraphy] {{Islamic calligraphy}} {{Intangible Heritage Iran}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Persian calligraphy\| ]] [[Category:Islamic calligraphy]]