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The [[Reformation in Ireland]] introduced in stages by the Tudor monarchs did not take hold in most of the country, but did not affect the operation of parliament until after the [[papal bull]] ''[[Regnans in Excelsis]]'' of 1570. Initially in 1537, the Irish Parliament approved both the [[Act of Supremecy]], acknowledging Henry VIII as head of the Church and the dissolution of the monasteries.<ref>Colm Lennon, Sixteenth Century Ireland - The Incomplete Conquest (1994), p113, 140</ref> In the parliaments of 1569 and 1585, the Old English Catholic representatives in the Irish Commons had several disputes with the crown's authorities over the introduction of penal legislation against Catholics and over-paying of "[[Cess]]" tax for the putting down of various Gaelic and Catholic rebellions. <ref>Lennon pp. 183, 206</ref>
For this reason, and the political fallout after the 1605 [[Gunpowder plot]] and the [[Plantation of Ulster]] in 1613-15, the constituencies for the Irish House of Commons were changed to give Protestants a majority. The
In the House of Lords the Catholic majority continued until the 1689 "[[Patriot Parliament]]", with the exception of the [[Commonwealth of England|Commonwealth]] period (1649–60). Following the general uprising of the Catholic Irish in the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]] and the self-established [[Confederate Ireland|Catholic assembly]] in 1642-49, Roman Catholics were barred from voting or attending the Parliament altogether in the Cromwellian [[Act of Settlement 1652]], which was reversed by the [[Restoration (Ireland)|Restoration]] of [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] in 1660.
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