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{{short description|Dutch politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[Excellency|His Excellency]]
| name = Piet Hein Donner
| image = Piet-hein-donner-portret.jpg
|imagesize caption = 250pxDonner in 2010
| office = [[Vice-President of the Council of State (Netherlands)|Vice-President of the Council of State]]
|caption = Piet Hein Donner in 2010
| term_start = 1 February 2012
|office = [[Vice-President of the Council of State (Netherlands)|Vice-President of the Council of State]]
|term_start term_end = 1 FebruaryNovember 20122018
| monarch = [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Beatrix]] <br/> [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|Willem-Alexander]]
|term_end = 1 November 2018
| predecessor = [[Herman Tjeenk Willink]]
|monarch = [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Beatrix]] <small>(2012–2013)</small> <br/> [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|Willem-Alexander]] <small>(2013–2018)</small>
|predecessor successor = [[HermanThom Tjeenkde WillinkGraaf]]
| office1 = [[List of Ministers of the Interior of the Netherlands|Minister of the Interior <br/> and Kingdom Relations]]
|successor = [[Thom de Graaf]]
| term_start1 = 14 October 2010
|office1 = [[List of Ministers of the Interior of the Netherlands|Minister of the Interior <br/> and Kingdom Relations]]
|term_start1 term_end1 = 1416 OctoberDecember 20102011
| primeminister1 = [[Mark Rutte]]
|term_end1 = 16 December 2011
|primeminister1 predecessor1 = [[MarkErnst Hirsch RutteBallin]]
|predecessor1 successor1 = [[Ernst HirschLiesbeth BallinSpies]]
| office2 = [[List of Ministers of Social Affairs of the Netherlands|Minister of Social Affairs and Employment]]
|successor1 = [[Liesbeth Spies]]
| term_start2 = 22 February 2007
|office2 = [[List of Ministers of Social Affairs of the Netherlands|Minister of Social Affairs <br/> and Employment]]
|term_start2 term_end2 = 2214 FebruaryOctober 20072010
| primeminister2 = [[Jan Peter Balkenende]]
|term_end2 = 14 October 2010
|primeminister2 predecessor2 = [[Aart Jan Peterde BalkenendeGeus]]
|predecessor2 successor2 = [[Aart Jan deHenk GeusKamp]]
| office3 = [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|Member of the House of Representatives]]
|successor2 = [[Henk Kamp]]
| term_start3 = 30 November 2006
|office3 = [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|Member of the House of Representatives]]
|term_start3 term_end3 = 3022 NovemberFebruary 20062007
| office4 = [[List of Ministers of Justice of the Netherlands|Minister of Justice]]
|term_end3 = 22 February 2007
| term_start4 = 22 July 2002
|parliamentarygroup3= [[Christian Democratic Appeal]]
| term_end4 = 21 September 2006
|office4 = [[List of Ministers of Justice of the Netherlands|Minister of Justice]]
| primeminister4 = [[Jan Peter Balkenende]]
|term_start4 = 22 July 2002
|term_end4 predecessor4 = 21 September[[Benk 2006Korthals]]
| successor4 = [[Rita Verdonk]] <small>(''Ad interim'')</small>
|primeminister4 = [[Jan Peter Balkenende]]
| office5 = [[Council of State (Netherlands)|Member of the Council of State]]
|predecessor4 = [[Benk Korthals]]
| term_start5 = 22 December 1997
|successor4 = [[Rita Verdonk]] <small>(''Ad interim'')</small>
| term_end5 = 22 July 2002
|office5 = [[Council of State (Netherlands)|Member of the Council of State]]
| vicepresident5 = [[Herman Tjeenk Willink]]
| office6 = [[Scientific Council for Government Policy|Director of the Scientific Council <br/> for Government Policy]]
|term_start5 = 22 December 1997
|term_end5 term_start6 = 221 JulyJanuary 20021993
| term_end6 = 22 December 1997
|office6 = [[Scientific Council for Government Policy|Director of the Scientific Council <br/> for Government Policy]]
|term_start6 predecessor6 = 1= January[[Frans 1993Rutten]]
|term_end6 successor6 = 22= December[[Michiel 1997Scheltema]]
| office7 = [[Scientific Council for Government Policy|Member of the Scientific <br/> Council for Government Policy]]
|predecessor6 = [[Frans Rutten]]
| 1blankname7 = {{nowrap|Director}}
|successor6 = [[Michiel Scheltema]]
|birthname 1namedata7 = Jan Pieter HendrikFrans DonnerRutten
|birth_date term_start7 = {{Birth1 dateJanuary and age|df=y|1948|10|20}}1990
|birth_place term_end7 = [[Amsterdam]],1 January [[Netherlands]]1993
|death_date birthname = Jan Pieter Hendrik Donner
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1948|10|20}}
|death_place =
|nationality birth_place = [[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands|Dutch]]
| death_date =
|party = [[Christian Democratic Appeal]] <br/> <small>(from 1980)</small>
| death_place =
|otherparty = [[Anti-Revolutionary Party]] <br/> <small>(until 1980)</small>
| nationality = [[Netherlands|Dutch]]
|spouse = {{marriage|Liesbeth Maria Quanjer|1973}}
| party = [[Christian Democratic Appeal]] <br/> <small>(from 1980)</small>
|children = 3 sons
|father otherparty = [[AndréAnti-Revolutionary DonnerParty]] <br/> <small>(1918–1992until 1980)</small>
| spouse = {{marriage|Liesbeth Maria Quanjer|1973}}
|relatives = [[Jan Hein Donner]] (uncle) <br/> [[Jan Donner]] (grandfather)
|residence children = [[The Hague]], [[Netherlands]]= 3 sons
| father = [[André Donner]] (1918–1992)
|alma_mater = [[Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam]] <br/> <small>([[Bachelor of Laws]], [[Master of Laws]])</small> <br/> [[University of Michigan]] <br/> <small>([[Juris Doctor]])</small>
| relatives = [[Jan Hein Donner]] (uncle) <br/> [[Jan Donner]] (grandfather)
|occupation = [[Politician]] · [[Civil service|Civil servant]] · [[Jurist]] · [[Research]]er · [[Professor]]
|signature residence = [[The Hague]], [[Netherlands]]
| alma_mater = [[Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam|Free University Amsterdam]] <br/> <small>([[Bachelor of Laws]], [[Master of Laws]])</small> <br/> [[University of Michigan]] <br/> <small>([[Juris Doctor]])</small>
|website =
| occupation = [[Politician]] · [[Civil service|Civil servant]] · [[Jurist]] · [[Research|Researcher]] · [[Nonprofit organization|Nonprofit director]] · [[Professor]]
| signature =
}}
 
'''Jan Pieter Hendrik "Piet Hein" Donner''' (born 20 October 1948) is a retired [[Netherlands|Dutch]] politician of the [[Christian Democratic Appeal]] (CDA) party and [[jurist]]. He was madegranted the honorary title of [[Minister of State to (Netherlands)|Minister of State]] on 21 December 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/actueel/nieuws/2018/12/21/benoeming-minister-van-staat|title=Benoeming minister van Staat|publisher=Rijksoverheid|date=21 December 2018|accessdateaccess-date=22 December 2018|language=nl}}</ref>
 
==Early life and career==
Donner, a [[jurist]] by occupation, worked him himself up in the system as a [[Civil service|civil servant]] for the [[Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy (Netherlands)|Ministry of Economic Affairs]] from 1976 until 1981 and for the [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|House of Representatives]] from 1981 until 1984 and for the [[Ministry of Justice and Security|Ministry of Justice]] from 1984 until 1990 when he became a [[Scientific Council for Government Policy|Member of the Scientific Council for Government Policy]]. Donner served as [[Scientific Council for Government Policy|Director of the Scientific Council for Government Policy]] from 1 January 1993 until 22 December 1997 when he became a [[Council of State (Netherlands)|Member of the Council of State]]. After the [[2002 Dutch general election|election of 2002]] Donner was asked to become [[Formateur|informateur]] for the next cabinet. After a cabinet formation with the [[Christian Democratic Appeal]], the [[Pim Fortuyn List]] (LPF) and the [[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy]] (VVD) a deal was struck that resulted in the [[First Balkenende cabinet|Cabinet Balkenende I]]. Donner was asked to become [[List of Ministers of Justice of the Netherlands|Minister of Justice]] in the Cabinet, Donner accepted and resigned as a [[Council of State (Netherlands)|Member of the Council of State]] the same day he took office as the new [[List of Ministers of Justice of the Netherlands|Minister of Justice]] on 22 July 2002.
The Donner family has produced a number of [[Calvinist]] [[judge]]s. Piet Hein Donner's father, [[André Donner]], was a judge at the [[European Court of Justice]] between 1958 and 1979, and was part of the government commission that looked into [[Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld]]'s dealings with the [[Lockheed Corporation]]. His grandfather was [[Jan Donner]], who served as Minister of Justice for the [[Anti-Revolutionary Party]] in the [[first De Geer cabinet]] and was later president of the Dutch [[Supreme Court of the Netherlands|Supreme Court]]. His uncle [[Jan Hein Donner]] was a [[Grandmaster (chess)|chess grandmaster]] and author.
 
Donner attended a [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] in [[Amsterdam]] from March 1961 until May 1967 and applied at the [[Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam]] in June 1967, majoring in [[Law]] and obtaining a [[Bachelor of Laws]] degree in April 1969 before graduating with a [[Master of Laws]] degree in July 1973. During his study, he joined the student society L.A.N.X. in 1968. Donner applied at the [[University of Michigan]] in [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]] in September 1973 for a [[postgraduate education]] in Law, working as a student researcher before obtaining an [[Juris Doctor]] degree in July 1976. Donner worked as a civil servant from July 1976 until December 1997, for the department of Legal Affairs of the [[Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy|Ministry of Economic Affairs]] from August 1976 until March 1981, as a [[paralegal]] for the office of Juridical Support of the [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|House of Representatives]] from March 1981 until November 1984, and for the department of Public Law of the [[Ministry of Justice and Security|Ministry of Justice]] from November 1984 until January 1990. In December 1989 Donner was appointed as a member of the [[Scientific Council for Government Policy]] (WRR), taking office on 1 January 1990. In December 1992 Donner was nominated as director of the WRR, taking office on 1 January 1993. In December 1997 Donner was nominated as a member of the [[Council of State (Netherlands)|Council of State]]. He was installed as a Member of the Council of State, taking office on 22 December 1997, resigning as director of the WRR on the same day.
Donner remained [[List of Ministers of Justice of the Netherlands|Minister of Justice]] in the [[Second Balkenende cabinet|Cabinet Balkenende II]] following the [[2003 Dutch general election|election of 2003]]. On 21 September 2006 Donner and [[List of Ministers of Infrastructure of the Netherlands#List of Ministers of Housing|Minister of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment]] [[Sybilla Dekker]] resigned in the wake of a [[Dutch Safety Board]] inquiry into a fire at a cell block near [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Schiphol Airport]]. Donner was elected as a [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|Member of the House of Representatives]] after the [[2006 Dutch general election|election of 2006]] taking office on 30 November 2006. After the [[2006–07 Dutch cabinet formation|cabinet formation]] of the [[Fourth Balkenende cabinet|Cabinet Balkenende IV]] Donner was asked to become [[List of Ministers of Social Affairs of the Netherlands|Minister of Social Affairs and Employment]] and resigned as a [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|Member of the House of Representatives]] the same day he took office as the new [[List of Ministers of Social Affairs of the Netherlands|Minister of Social Affairs and Employment]] on 22 February 2007.
 
==Political career==
After the [[2010 Dutch general election|election of 2010]] his party lost badly, the [[2010 Dutch cabinet formation|cabinet formation]] resulted in the forming of the [[First Rutte cabinet|Cabinet Rutte I]]. Donner was asked to become [[List of Ministers of the Interior of the Netherlands|Minister of the Interior and Kingdom Relations]] and took office on 14 October 2010. On 16 December 2011 Donner was nominated as the new [[Vice-President of the Council of State (Netherlands)|Vice-President of the Council of State]], he took office on 1 February 2012.<ref>[http://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2011/07/piet_hein_donner_tipped_for_co.php Piet Hein Donner tipped for Council of State job], DutchNews, 6 July 2011</ref><ref>{{nl icon}} [http://www.nu.nl/politiek/2694905/spies-volgt-donner-in-kabinet.html 'Spies volgt Donner op in kabinet'], NU.nl, 16 December 2011</ref><ref>{{nl icon}} [http://nos.nl/artikel/322712-benoeming-spies-tot-minister-vrijdag-verwacht.html Benoeming Spies tot minister vrijdag verwacht], NOS, 16 December 2011</ref><ref>{{nl icon}} [http://nos.nl/artikel/322863-donner-naar-raad-van-state.html Donner naar Raad van State], NOS, 16 December 2011</ref> He retired from the Council of State at the end of October 2018.
After the [[2002 Dutch general election|2002 general election]], Donner was appointed ''[[Formateur#Informateur|informateur]]'' for the [[2002 Dutch cabinet formation|cabinet formation]]. Following the cabinet formation, Donner was appointed as [[List of Ministers of Justice of the Netherlands|Minister of Justice]] in the [[first Balkenende cabinet]], taking office on 22 July 2002. The cabinet resigned just four months later on 16 October, and continued to serve in a [[Demissionary cabinet|demissionary]] capacity. After the succeeding [[2003 Dutch general election|2003 general election]], Donner retained his ministerial post in the [[second Balkenende cabinet]], which took office on 27 May 2003.
 
In 2006, Donner recorded a rap song together with Meester G to explain his point of view on the [[Drug policy of the Netherlands|Dutch soft-drug policy]] in response to a song by Gerd Leers, [[Mayor]] of [[Maastricht]] with punk band [[Heideroosjes]], which called for a more progressive policy which would not only regulate the selling of soft drugs, but also legalise their production.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.nu.nl/news/682688/11/'Don'_Donner_rapt_de_dope_van_straat.html 'Don' Donner rapt de dope van straat], NU.nl, 25 February 2006</ref>
==Biography==
===Early life===
The Donner family has produced a number of [[Calvinism|Calvinist]] [[judge]]s. Piet Hein Donner's father, [[André Donner]], was a judge at the [[European Court of Justice]] in 1958-1979 and was part of the government commission that looked into [[Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld]]'s dealing with the [[Lockheed Corporation]]. His grandfather was [[Jan Donner]], who served as Minister of Justice for the [[Anti-Revolutionary Party]] in the first cabinet of [[Dirk Jan de Geer]] and was later president of the Dutch [[Supreme Court of the Netherlands|Supreme Court]]. His uncle [[Jan Hein Donner]], however, was a [[Grandmaster (chess)|chess grandmaster]] and author. Piet Hein Donner studied [[Law]] at the [[Free University of Amsterdam]], obtaining a degree in 1974. During his study, he joined the student society L.A.N.X. in 1968.
 
The second Balkenende cabinet fell on 30 June 2006 after the Democrats 66 had lost confidence in [[List of Ministers of Justice of the Netherlands#List of Ministers without Portfolio|Minister for Integration and Asylum Affairs]] [[Rita Verdonk]], and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until 7 July, when it was replaced by the [[Caretaker government|caretaker]] [[third Balkenende cabinet]], with Donner remaining Minister of Justice.
===Politics===
In 2006, freaky Piet Hein Donner thinks he can do recorded a [[Hip hop music|rap]] song together with Meester G to explain his point of view on the [[Drug policy of the Netherlands|Dutch soft-drug policy]]. It was a reply to a song by Gerd Leers, [[Mayor]] of [[Maastricht]], (with punk band [[Heideroosjes]]), which called for a more progressive policy which would not only regulate the selling of soft drugs, but also legalise their production.<ref>{{nl icon}} [http://www.nu.nl/news/682688/11/'Don'_Donner_rapt_de_dope_van_straat.html 'Don' Donner rapt de dope van straat], NU.nl, 25 February 2006</ref>
 
On 13 September 2006, Donner was the subject of controversy when he suggested Islamic law could be established in the Netherlands by democratic means. He responded by a clarification that he was not advocating such a scenario but warning against it.<ref>[http://eurabia.blogse.nl/log/netherlands-minister-warns-islamic-law-could-happen-via-democracy.html Netherlands: Minister Warns Islamic Law Could Happen Via Democracy], Western Resistance, 13 September 2006</ref> In the same month, a [[Dutch Safety Board]] report into a [[Third Balkenende cabinet#Schiphol fire|fire at Schiphol Airport jail]] was released, condemning Dutch government officials.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/5367056.stm Dutch ministers quit over blaze], BBC News, 21 September 2006</ref> Donner and [[List of Ministers of Infrastructure of the Netherlands#List of Ministers of Housing|Minister of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment]] [[Sybilla Dekker]], as politically responsible cabinet members, resigned following the report's conclusions. Donner was succeeded by [[Ernst Hirsch Ballin]], who had been justice minister in the [[third Lubbers cabinet]].<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://nos.nl/artikel/57996-oudgedienden-op-justitie-en-vrom.html Oudgedienden op Justitie en VROM], NOS, 22 September 2006</ref>
 
That same month, a report of the investigative commission into a [[Netherlands cabinet Balkenende-3#Schiphol fire|fire at Schiphol Airport jail]] was released, condemning Dutch government officials.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/5367056.stm Dutch ministers quit over blaze], BBC News, 21 September 2006</ref> Donner, as responsible justice minister, resigned in aftermath of the report's conclusions. His successor was [[Ernst Hirsch Ballin]], who had been justice minister in the [[Netherlands cabinet Lubbers-3|third Lubbers cabinet]].<ref>{{nl icon}} [http://nos.nl/artikel/57996-oudgedienden-op-justitie-en-vrom.html Oudgedienden op Justitie en VROM], NOS, 22 September 2006</ref> Four months later, Donner was appointed [[Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment (Netherlands)|Minister of Social Affairs and Employment]] in the new Cabinet, [[Netherlands cabinet Balkenende-4|Balkenende IV]].
Donner was elected to the [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|House of Representatives]] in the [[2006 Dutch general election|2006 general election]], taking office on 30 November 2006. Following the [[2006–2007 Dutch cabinet formation|succeeding cabinet formation]], Donner was appointed [[List of Ministers of Social Affairs of the Netherlands|Minister of Social Affairs and Employment]] in the [[fourth Balkenende cabinet]], taking office on 22 February 2007. This cabinet resigned on 20 February 2010 after tensions in the coalition over the extension of Dutch involvement in the [[Task Force Uruzgan]] mission of the [[International Security Assistance Force]] (ISAF) in [[Afghanistan]], and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity. In March 2010, Donner announced that he would not stand in the [[2010 Dutch general election|election of that year]]. Following the [[2010 Dutch cabinet formation|2010 cabinet formation]], Donner was appointed as [[List of Ministers of the Interior of the Netherlands|Minister of the Interior and Kingdom Relations]] in the [[first Rutte cabinet]], taking office on 14 October 2010.
 
In December 2011 Donner was nominated as [[Vice-President of the Council of State (Netherlands)|Vice-President of the Council of State]]. He resigned as Minister of the Interior and Kingdom Relations on 16 December 2011 and was installed as Vice-President of the Council of State on 1 February 2012, serving until 1 November 2018. Donner also served as a distinguished professor of [[Minority rights]] at [[Leiden University]], holding the Cleveringa Chair, from 1 September 2015 until 1 September 2016.<ref>[http://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2011/07/piet_hein_donner_tipped_for_co.php Piet Hein Donner tipped for Council of State job], DutchNews, 6 July 2011</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.nu.nl/politiek/2694905/spies-volgt-donner-in-kabinet.html 'Spies volgt Donner op in kabinet'], NU.nl, 16 December 2011</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://nos.nl/artikel/322712-benoeming-spies-tot-minister-vrijdag-verwacht.html Benoeming Spies tot minister vrijdag verwacht], NOS, 16 December 2011</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://nos.nl/artikel/322863-donner-naar-raad-van-state.html Donner naar Raad van State], NOS, 16 December 2011</ref>
 
==Later activities==
Since his retirement, Donner has occupied numerous seats as nonprofit director for supervisory boards in the business and industry world and several international non-governmental organisations and research institutes, including the [[Netherlands Institute for Multiparty Democracy]], the [[Rijksmuseum van Oudheden]], the [[Netherlands Atlantic Association]], the [[Royal Netherlands Historical Society]] and the [[Carnegie Foundation (Netherlands)|Carnegie Foundation]]. He also served on several state commissions on behalf of the government.
 
==Decorations==
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| [[style (manner of address)|Style]] of [[Excellency]]
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==References==
{{Reflistreflist}}
 
==External links==
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;Official
* {{nlin iconlang|nl}} [https://www.parlement.com/id/vg9fgopqa1o0/j_p_h_piet_hein_donner Prof.Mr. J.P.H. (Piet Hein) Donner] Parlement & Politiek
 
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Scientific Council for Government Policy|Director of the Scientific Council <br/> for Government Policy]]|years=1993–1997}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Vice-President of the Council of State (Netherlands)|Vice-President of the <br/> Council of State]]|years=2012–2018}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Scientific Council for Government Policy|Director of the Scientific Council <br/> for Government Policy]]|years=1993–1997}}
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{{s-ttl|title=Chairman of the <br/> [[Carnegie Foundation (Netherlands)|Carnegie Foundation]]|years=2019–present}}
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{{Ministers of Social Affairs of the Netherlands}}
{{Ministers of Justice of the Netherlands}}
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{{First Balkenende cabinet}}
{{Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2006–2010}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Donner, Piet Hein}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Christian Democratic Appeal politicians]]
[[Category:Directors of the Scientific Council for Government Policy]]
[[Category:Dutch jurists]]
[[Category:Dutch legal scholars]]
[[Category:Dutch expatriates in the United States]]
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[[Category:ScholarsDutch ofnonprofit privacy lawdirectors]]
[[Category:Dutch nonprofit executives]]
[[Category:Grand Officers of the Order of Orange-Nassau]]
[[Category:Humanities academics]]
[[Category:Directors of the Scientific Council for Government Policy]]
[[Category:LivingAcademic peoplestaff of Leiden University]]
[[Category:Members of the Council of State (Netherlands)]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)]]
[[Category:MinistersMembers of Justicethe ofScientific theCouncil for Government NetherlandsPolicy]]
[[Category:Ministers of Kingdom Relations of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Ministers of justice of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Ministers of Social Affairs of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Ministers of State (Netherlands)]]
[[Category:Ministers of the Interior of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:PeoplePoliticians from Amsterdam]]
[[Category:PeoplePoliticians from The Hague]]
[[Category:Leiden University faculty]]
[[Category:Protestant Church Christians from the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Reformed Churches Christians from the Netherlands]]
[[Category:University of Michigan alumni]]
[[Category:University of Michigan Law School alumni]]
[[Category:Vice Presidents-presidents of the Council of State (Netherlands)]]
[[Category:Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch civil servants]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch educatorsjurists]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Dutch civil servants]]
[[Category:21st-century Dutch educators]]
[[Category:21st-century Dutch jurists]]
[[Category:21st-century Dutch politicians]]