|
[[File:Tétradrachme du royaume Lagide à l'effigie de Ptolémée.jpg|thumb|240x240px|[[Tetradrachm]] of [[Ptolemy II Philadelphus]] with the [[Eagle of Zeus]]. Greek inscription reads ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ {{Lit|[coin] of Ptolemy}}]]
{{for|this name in Hebrew|Talmai}}
'''Ptolemy''' ({{lang-grc|Πτολεμαῖος}}, ''Ptolemaios'') is a male given name, derived from [[Ancient Greek]] and meaning 'warlike'.<ref>{{OEtymD|Ptolemy}}</ref> It is formed from the [[Homeric Greek|Epic Greek]] [[wikt:πτόλεμος|πτόλεμος]] ''ptolemos'' meaning 'war'.<ref>{{LSJ|pto/lemos|πτόλεμος|ref}}.</ref> The name was used throughout the [[Ancient Greece|Greek world]], but was particularly popular in [[Macedonia (ancient kingdom)|ancient Macedon]] and its nobility. During the [[Hellenistic period|Hellenistic]] period, [[Ptolemy I Soter]], a general of [[Alexander the Great]], founded the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]] which ruled their [[Ptolemaic Kingdom|Kingdom]] in [[Ancient Egypt]]. All male rulers of the dynasty bore the name 'Ptolemy', the last being [[Ptolemy XII Auletes]], father of [[Cleopatra]]. Common variants include '''Ptolemaeus''' (Latin), '''Tolomeo''' (Italian) and [[Talmai]] (Hebrew).
{{lead rewrite|date=August 2018}}
The name '''Ptolemy''' or '''Ptolemaeus''' may refer to:
* [[Ptolemy]] (Claudius Ptolemaeus) (c. 100 AD – c. 170), a Greek polymath, astronomer, geographer, historian, mathematician, and astrologer
* [[Ptolemy I Soter]] (c. 367 BC – 283/2 BC), a [[Ancient Macedonians|Macedonian]] [[Greeks|Greek]] general of Alexander the Great who founded and ruled the [[Ptolemaic Kingdom]] in Egypt
Ptolemy, or Ptolemaeus, or '''Tolomeo''' (Italian spelling) may also refer to: {{citation needed span|date=April 2019|text= "the cabbage" and some accounts refer to the name Ptolemaus as: "the fish of wisdom" or "the trout of knowledge". The most common reference is "the red-headed trout of understanding".}}
==Etymology==
According to [[Georg Autenrieth]], the English name '''Ptolemy''' is the English comesform fromof the [[Ancient Greek]] name [[wikt:Πτολεμαῖος|Πτολεμαῖος]] (''Ptolemaios''),<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0073%3Aentry%3D*ptolemai%3Dos Πτολεμαῖος]. The meaning of the name Ptolemy seem to be a matterderivative of strife; in accordance with Georg Autenrieth[[wikt:πτόλεμος|πτόλεμος]], ''A Homeric Dictionary'', on Perseus</ref> "warlike" or "son of war". Autienrieth renders the meaning of the name to be an adjective from πτόλεμος (''ptólemos''), explained as a [[Homeric Greek|Epic]] form of [[wikt:πόλεμος|πόλεμος]] ('war'pólemos''), "war".<ref>[httphttps://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dpo%2Flemos πόλεμος], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref><ref group="note">The change from ''polemos'' to ''ptolemos'' is an example of a type of linguistic compounding called [[terpsimbrotos]]. The ''pt-'' in ''ptolemos'' (vs. earlier ''polemos'') "war" is thought to arise from a re-analysis of the compound word ''*phere-t-polemos'', metathesised to ''phere-ptolemos''. '''George Dunkel''', "Two old problems in Greek: ptolemosπτόλεμος and terpsimbrotosτερψίμβροτος", ''Glotta'' '''70''':3/4:197-225 (1992) {{JSTOR|40266932}}.</ref> and the suffix [[wikt:-αῖος|-αῖος]] ''-aios'' meaning 'pertaining' or 'belonging to'. A nephew of [[Antigonus I Monophthalmus]] was called ''Polemaeus'',<ref>Who's Who in the Age of Alexander the Great [https://books.google.com/books?id=JJ4K1wFZkrsC&pg=PA57&dq=Polemaeus&sig=pKlfRfbLZ3pD1N0RijnvK20miJ8] by Waldemar Heckel</ref> the normal form of the adjective. ''Ptolemaios'' is first attested in [[Homer]]'s [[Iliad]] and is the name of an [[Achaeans (Homer)|Achaean]] warrior, son of Piraeus, father of Eurymedon.<ref>[httphttps://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.%20Il.%204.228&lang=original Homer, ''Iliad'', 4.228], on Perseus</ref>
The name ''Ptolemaios'' varied over the years from its roots in [[ancient Greece]], appearing in different languages in various forms and spellings. The original form, and some of the variants, are listed here in the languages relevant to the history of the name.:
{|
|-
* {{lang-it|Tolomeo}}
* {{lang-en|Ptolemy}}
* {{lang-egy|ptwȝlmysptwꜣrwmys<hiero align="top">p:t-wA-l:M-i-i-s</hiero>}}
* {{lang-cop|ⲡⲧⲟⲗⲡⲧⲟⲗⲉⲙⲁⲓⲟⲥ}} ''Ptolemaios''
* [[Phoenician language|Phoenician]]: 𐤐𐤕𐤋𐤌𐤉𐤎 (ptlmys) or 𐤐𐤕𐤋𐤌𐤉𐤔 (ptlmyš)
* [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] and [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]] [[wikt:תלמי|Talmai]]
* [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] and [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]]: תלמי (tlmy) ''[[wikt:תלמי|Talmay]]''
* [[Middle Persian]] 𐭯𐭲𐭫𐭬𐭥𐭱 (ptlmywš) ''Patlamyōš''
* {{lang-fa|بَطلَمیوس، پتُلِمَیوس}} ''Baṭlamīūs/ Ptolemaios''
* {{lang-ar|بَطُلِيمُوس }} ''Baṭulīmūs''
The name ''Ptolemy'' spread from its Greek origins to enter other languages in [[Western Asia]] during the [[Hellenistic period|Hellenisation]] that followed the conquest of the known world by [[Alexander the Great]].
The Aramaic name ''"Bar -[[Talmai]]''", "son of Talmai" (Greek ''Bartolomaios'' and English ''[[Bartholomew (name)|Bartholomew]]'') may be related.<ref>[[Bartholomew the Apostle]] is thus thought to have been the son of a Ptolemy.</ref>
''[[Ptolemais (disambiguation)|Ptolemais]]'' is formed from this name by the Greek feminine adjectival ending ''-i(d)s''.
==Claudius Ptolemaeus==
==People==
[[Ptolemy]] commonly refers to Claudius Ptolemaeus (ca. 90 AD–ca. 168 AD), a writer, geographer, mathematician, astronomer and astrologer who lived in the Alexandrine Greek culture of Roman Egypt.
===Early Greek rulers and generals named Ptolemy===
==Ptolemaic dynasty==
{{Hiero|Ptolemy|<hiero>< p:t-wA-l:M-i-i-s ></hiero>|align=right|era=egypt}}
{{main|Ptolemaic dynasty}}
Ptolemy also refers to any of 16 pharaohs of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]] who ruled [[Hellenistic Egypt]] for nearly 300 years, from 305 BC to 30 BC. The [[Greco-Egyptian]] pharaonic dynasty of [[ancient Macedon|Macedonian]] origin was established by [[Ptolemy I Soter]] (303–282 BC), and the male dynastic successors were all also named Ptolemy, as were several other members of the dynasty.
==Early Greek rulers and generals named Ptolemy==
*[[Ptolemy (King of Thebes)]] (12th century BC) – mythical ruler of the ancient Greek city of Thebes
*[[Ptolemy of Aloros]] (ruled 368 to 365 BC) – Regent of Macedon
*[[Ptolemy (son of Seleucus)]] (died 333 BC) – Macedonian bodyguard and general of Alexander the Great
*[[Ptolemy (son of Philip)]] (4th century BC) – Macedonian officer of [[Alexander the Great]]
*[[Ptolemy (general)]] or Polemaios (died 309 BC) – Macedonian general and nephew of Antigonus I Monophthalmus
*[[Ptolemy (son of Pyrrhus)]] (295–272 BC) – Aa son of king [[Pyrrhus of Epirus]]
*[[Ptolemy of Epirus]] (died 235 BC) – King of the Greek frontier kingdom of Epirus c. 237 BC – 234 ВС
==Other people named Ptolemy or Ptolemaeus ==
===Egyptian Ptolemaic dynasty (rulers)===
===Born before 20th century===
{{Hiero|Ptolemy|<hiero>< p:t-wA-l:M-i-i-s ></hiero>|align=right|era=egypt}}
*[[Ptolemy Macron]] (fl. 2nd century BC), governor of Coele-Syria and Phoenicia.
The [[Ptolemaic dynasty]], of Macedonian origin, ruled Hellenistic Egypt for nearly 300 years, from 305 BC to 30 BC. The kings of this dynasty were all named Ptolemy.<ref>Numbering the Ptolemies is a modern invention; the Greeks distinguished them by nickname. The number given here is the present consensus; but there has been some disagreement about which Ptolemies should be counted as reigning. Older sources may give a number one higher or lower, but the same epithet.</ref> See [[Ptolemaic dynasty]] for details of their reigns and other ruling members of the dynasty. See also: [[#Legacy of Ptolemy I Soter|Legacy of Ptolemy I Soter]].
*[[Ptolemaeus of Commagene]] (201 BC - 130 BC), satrap and then first King of Commagene
* [[Ptolemy I Soter]] (367 BC–283 BC) – Macedonian general of Alexander the Great
* [[Ptolemy II Philadelphus]] (308 BC–246 BC) – Son and successor to Ptolemy I
* [[Ptolemy III Euergetes]]
* [[Ptolemy IV Philopator]]
* [[Ptolemy V Epiphanes]]
* [[Ptolemy VI Philometor]]
* [[Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator]]
* [[Ptolemy VIII Physcon]]
* [[Ptolemy IX Lathyros]]
* [[Ptolemy X Alexander I]]
* [[Ptolemy XI Alexander II]]
* [[Ptolemy XII Auletes]]
* [[Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator]]
* [[Ptolemy XIV of Egypt|Ptolemy XIV]]
* [[Caesarion|Ptolemy XV Caesarion]] (47 BC–30 BC) – last Ptolemaic ruler of Egypt
====Legacy of Ptolemy I Soter====
*[[Ptolemaic dynasty]] – Egyptian ruling dynasty founded by Ptolemy I Soter
*[[Ptolemaic Kingdom]] – the kingdom founded by Ptolemy I Soter.
*[[Ptolemais (disambiguation)]] – various places and people named after members of the Ptolemaic dynasty
===Egyptian Ptolemaic dynasty (descendants)===
There were several members of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]] that did not become senior rulers of Egypt. Some of them became rulers of other kingdoms. Many of the dates and other details about these Ptolemies are uncertain.
*[[Ptolemy Keraunos]] (died 279 BC) – eldest son of [[Ptolemy I Soter]]. Eventually became king of Macedon.
*[[Ptolemy Andromachou]] (3rd century BC) – probable illegitimate son of [[Ptolemy II Philadelphus]].
*[[Ptolemy Epigonos]]<ref>Billows, ''Kings and colonists: aspects of Macedonian imperialism'', p.110</ref><ref>Bengtson, ''Griechische Geschichte von den Anfängen bis in die römische Kaiserzeit'', p.569</ref><ref>[http://www.tyndalehouse.com/egypt/ptolemies/nios_i.htm Ptolemaic Genealogy: Ptolemy ‘the Son’]</ref><ref>He is also identified as Ptolemy ‘the Son’ or Ptolemy Nios, Ptolemy son of Lysimachus, Ptolemy of Telmessos and Ptolemy ‘the Brother’</ref> (299/298 BC-240 BC) co-ruler with Ptolemy Philadelphus as he was his nephew and adopted son, later deposed.
*[[Ptolemy Eupator]] – co-ruler with Ptolemy VI Philometor; probably his son. Probably died within months.
*[[Ptolemy II of Telmessos]] (flourished 3rd century BC & 2nd century BC) – grandson of Ptolemy I Epigone.
*[[Ptolemy Apion]] (died 96 BC) – son of [[Ptolemy VIII Physcon]]. Made king of Cyrenaica. Bequeathed Cyrenaica to Rome.
*[[Ptolemy of Cyprus]] (died 58 BC) – son of [[Ptolemy IX Lathyros]]. Probable king of Cyprus.
*[[Ptolemy Philadelphus (son of Cleopatra)]] (born 36 BC) – son of the Roman general Mark Antony and the Egyptian Ptolemaic queen Cleopatra VII.
*[[Ptolemy of Mauretania]] (reigned 21-40 AD) – grandson of Cleopatra VII. King of Mauretania and an ally of Rome.
===Other people named Ptolemy or Tolomeo===
*[[Ptolemy]] (ca. 90 AD–ca. 168 AD), known in antiquity as Claudius Ptolemaeus; a writer, geographer, mathematician, astronomer and astrologer who lived in the Alexandrine Greek culture of Roman Egypt. See also: [[#Legacy of Claudius Ptolemaeus (Ptolemy)|Legacy of Claudius Ptolemaeus]]
(and, in approx. chronological order)
*[[Ptolemy Macron]] (ca. 170 BC), governor of Coele-Syria and Phoenicia.
*[[Ptolemy (son of Dorymenes)]] (ca. 166 BC), a soldier in the Seleucid Empire under Lysias.
*[[Ptolemaeus of Commagene]] (d. ca. 130 BC), satrap and then first King of Commagene
*[[Ptolemy (son of Abubus)]], governor of [[Jericho]] (ca. 130 BC) in the First Book of the Maccabees; instigated the death of Simon Maccabees; and for whom Dante named the section of Hell reserved for traitors to guests ('Ptolemaea')
*[[Ptolemy (son of Mennaeus)]] (rule ended ca. 40 BC), governor of biblical Abilene, a district of the disputed region of Coele-Syria
*[[Ptolemy of Mauretania]] (d.40 AD)
*[[Ptolemy (Acts of Peter)]], a character in the [[Acts of Peter]], who was a rich man trying to marry the daughter of Saint Peter (d. ca. 68 AD)
*[[Ptolemaeus Chennus]] (2nd century AD), a grammarian who lived in the Alexandrine Greek culture of Roman Egypt
*[[Ptolemaeus and Lucius]] (d. cac. 165 AD), Christian martyrs
*[[Ptolemy (gnostic)]] (cac. 180 AD), a religious philosopher who was active in Roman Italy and Gaul.
*[[Ptolemy-el-Garib]] (cafl. c. 300 AD), a Peripatetic pinacographer whose ''Life of Aristotle'' survives in Arabic translation
* Ptolemaeus Secundus ('Second Ptolemy'), a Latin nickname for the Arab polymath [[Ibn al-Haytham]] (cac. 965–ca 965 – c. 1040)
*[[Ptolemy I of Tusculum]] (d.1126), a count of Tusculum who asserted his family's descent from the Roman [[Julii]].
*[[Ptolemy II of Tusculum]] (d.1153), a count of Tusculum who married Bertha, daughter of Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor
*[[Ptolemaios Sarigiannis]] (1882–1958), a Greek Army officer
*[[Tolomeo da Lucca]] (Italian spelling of Ptolemy) (ca. 1227 – ca. 1327), also known as Bartholomew of Lucca, a historian and Dominican
*[[Bernard Tolomeo]] (Italian spelling of Ptolemy) (1272–1348), founder of the Olivetan Roman
===Born in 20th century or later===
*[[Franciscus Ptolemaeus]] or Francesco Tolomei, 17th. century Italian erudite, author of ''Vetustalia seu Vetustatis admiranda'', (1664). Rome: Ignatius de Lazaris (Catholic religious order)
*[[Francesco Tolomei]] (Italian variant of Ptolemy) (1762 – 1831), Italian writer, author of a Guide to [[Pistoia]] (1821)
*[[John Baptist Tolomei]] (Italian variant of Ptolemy) (1653–1726), Jesuit theologian and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
*[[Ptolemy Tompkins]] (born 1962) – American author
*[[Ptolemy Dean]] (born 1968) – British architect, author, and televisionTV consultantpresenter
*[[Ptolemy Slocum]] (born 1975) – American actor
*[[Barry Ptolemy]] (born 1969) – American film director and producer
==People named Tolomeo or Tolomei==
====Legacy of Claudius Ptolemaeus (Ptolemy)====
*[[Tolomeo da Lucca]] or Bartholomew of Lucca (Bartolomeo Fiadoni c. 1236 – c. 1327), a medieval Italian historian
*[[4001 Ptolemaeus]] – an asteroid named for Claudius Ptolemaeus
*[[Bernard Tolomeo]] (1272–1348), founder of the Olivetan Roman
*[[Geocentric model#Ptolemaic system]] – astronomical worldview as described by Ptolemy
*[[Tolomeo Gallio]] (1527–1607), an Italian cardinal
*[[Ptolemaeus (lunar crater)]] - a crater on the Moon named for Claudius Ptolemaeus
*[[Tolomeo Faccendi]] (1905–1970), an Italian sculptor
*[[Ptolemaeus (Martian crater)]] - a crater on Mars named for Claudius Ptolemaeus
*[[Tolomeo Mwansa]] (1941-2014), a Zambian football goalkeeper
*Ptolemy Cluster – the star cluster now called [[Messier 7]] described by Ptolemy
*[[Giovanni Battista Tolomei]] (1653–1726), Italian Jesuit priest, theologian, and cardinal
*[[Ptolemy Project (computing)]] – a computing project named for Ptolemy, started in the 1980s and based at the University of California, Berkeley, USA
*[[Ptolemy's theorem]] – mathematical theorem described by Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemaeus)
*[[Ptolemy's world map]] – map of the ancient world as described by Ptolemy
==Places==
* [[Mount Ptolemy (Canada)]] – a mountain in Canada
* [[Mount Ptolemy (Antarctica)]] – a mountain in Antarctica
* [[Mount Ptolemy (Antarctica)]]
==Science==
* [[Mount Ptolemy (Canada)]]
*''[http://www.ptolemy.ca/ Ptolemy Project]'' – a project started in 2001 to allow surgeons in Africa to access medical texts in the online library of the University of Toronto, Canada; inspired by the medical library of Alexandria, founded by [[Ptolemy I Soter]]
*''[[Ptolemy Project]]'' - a project started in the early 1990's at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] that is an ongoing project aimed at modeling, simulating, and designing [[Concurrency (computer science)|concurrent]], [[real-time computing|real-time]], [[embedded system]]s.
==ArtsUses in arts and Musicentertainment==
*''The Ptolemy'' (1934) –is a large [[List of instruments by Harry Partch|reed organ built by the American composer [[Harry Partch]]. This may have, been named in tribute to [[Claudius Ptolemaeus]], who summarized the musical work of philosophers like Pythagoras
*''[[Tolomeo]]'' (the Italian spelling of Ptolemy) –is an opera by Handel, composed in 1728, seta fictionalisation of some events in Egyptthe C108life BC, whenof [[Ptolemy IX Lathyros]], deposed his mother and joint rulerking of Egypt, Cleopatra III, for his younger brother who reigned as [[Ptolemy X Alexander I]]
*Alderman Ptolemy Tortoise is a character in ''[[The Tale of Mr. Jeremy Fisher]]'' by [[Beatrix Potter]]
*[[Tolomeo desk lamp|''Tolomeo'' desk lamp]] (the Italian spelling of Ptolemy) – an iconic desk lamp design produced for the Italian company Artemide in 1986
*''Ptolemaios'' and ''Ptolemaios 2'' are fictional spacecraft in the anime television series ''[[Mobile Suit Gundam 00]]'' and film ''[[Mobile Suit Gundam 00 the Movie: A Wakening of the Trailblazer]]''
*''[[Ptolemy's Gate]]'', published 2005, is the third book in ''The Bartimaeus Trilogy'', a fantasy series by the English author Jonathan Stroud. The series includes a character called Ptolemy, from 2nd century BC Ptolemaic Egypt, who is nephew to [[Ptolemy VIII]] and cousin to [[Ptolemy IX]]
*''[[Ptolemaic Terrascope]]'' is a magazine founded in 1989. The name was inspired by "Ptolemy the turtle, who lives at Terrascope Towers". Various artworks and logos feature an astronomer peering through a 'terrascope', so Ptolemaic may here refer to [[Claudius Ptolemaeus]]
*''The Last Days of Ptolemy Grey'' is a novel by [[Walter Mosley]], later adapted into [[The Last Days of Ptolemy Grey|a miniseries of the same name]], whose titular character is a lonely 93-year-old man with dementia.
* ''Ptolemy'', a track by Aphex Twin from the 1992 album ''[[Selected Ambient Works 85–92]]''
* ''Ptolemaea'', a song by [[Ethel Cain]] from her debut album [[Preacher's Daughter]]
==FictionSee also==
*[[Ptolemy (disambiguation)]]
*''Alderman Ptolemy Tortoise'', a character in ''[[The Tale of Mr. Jeremy Fisher]]'' by [[Beatrix Potter]]
*[[Ptolemaeus (disambiguation)]]
*CBS-70 ''Ptolemaios'' (aka ''Ptolemy'') - A unique space-based mobile suit carrier used by the privately owned [[paramilitary]] organization Celestial Being in the 2007 [[anime]] television series "[[Mobile Suit Gundam 00]]". Destroyed at the end of Season One, it is replaced by the newer CBS-74 ''Ptolemaios 2'' by the beginning of Season Two (2008). The ''Ptolemaios 2'' is later upgraded into the ''Ptolemaios 2 Kai'' for the concluding movie "[[Mobile Suit Gundam 00 the Movie: A Wakening of the Trailblazer]]" (2009)
*[[Tolomeo (disambiguation)]]
*[[Claudius Ptolemaeus]] is featured as a wizard called Ptolemy, on a magical collectible card in the fictional [[Harry Potter]] universe
*''[[Ptolemy's Gate]]'' (published 2005) – the third book in ''The Bartimaeus Trilogy'', a fantasy series by the English author Jonathan Stroud. The series includes a character called Ptolemy, from 2nd century BC Ptolemaic Egypt, who is nephew to [[Ptolemy VIII]] and cousin to [[Ptolemy IX]]
*''[[Ptolemaic Terrascope]]'' – magazine (founded 1989). The name was inspired by "Ptolemy the turtle, who lives at Terrascope Towers". Various artworks and logos feature an astronomer peering through a 'terrascope', so Ptolemaic may here refer to [[Claudius Ptolemaeus]]
== ReferencesFootnotes ==
{{reflist|group="note"}}
<references/>
{{given name}}
[[Category:Etymologies]]
[[Category:Ancient Greece]]
|