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Line 1: [[File:Tétradrachme du royaume Lagide à l'effigie de Ptolémée.jpg\|thumb\|240x240px\|[[Tetradrachm]] of [[Ptolemy II Philadelphus]] with the [[Eagle of Zeus]]. Greek inscription reads ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ {{Lit\|[coin] of Ptolemy}}]] ~~'''Ptolemy''' is a name derived from Ancient Greek. Common variants include '''Ptolemaeus''' (Latin), '''Tolomeo''' (Italian) and [[Talmai]] (Hebrew).~~ '''Ptolemy''' ({{lang-grc\|Πτολεμαῖος}}, ''Ptolemaios'') is a male given name, derived from [[Ancient Greek]] and meaning 'warlike'.<ref>{{OEtymD\|Ptolemy}}</ref> It is formed from the [[Homeric Greek\|Epic Greek]] [[wikt:πτόλεμος\|πτόλεμος]] ''ptolemos'' meaning 'war'.<ref>{{LSJ\|pto/lemos\|πτόλεμος\|ref}}.</ref> The name was used throughout the [[Ancient Greece\|Greek world]], but was particularly popular in [[Macedonia (ancient kingdom)\|ancient Macedon]] and its nobility. During the [[Hellenistic period\|Hellenistic]] period, [[Ptolemy I Soter]], a general of [[Alexander the Great]], founded the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]] which ruled their [[Ptolemaic Kingdom\|Kingdom]] in [[Ancient Egypt]]. All male rulers of the dynasty bore the name 'Ptolemy', the last being [[Ptolemy XII Auletes]], father of [[Cleopatra]]. Common variants include '''Ptolemaeus''' (Latin), '''Tolomeo''' (Italian) and [[Talmai]] (Hebrew). ==Etymology== '''Ptolemy''' is the English form of the [[Ancient Greek]] name [[wikt:Πτολεμαῖος\|Πτολεμαῖος]] (''Ptolemaios''), a derivative of [[wikt:πτόλεμος\|πτόλεμος]], an [[Homeric Greek\|Epic]] form of [[wikt:πόλεμος\|πόλεμος]] 'war'.<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dpo%2Flemos πόλεμος], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref><ref group="note">The change from ''polemos'' to ''ptolemos'' is an example of a type of linguistic compounding called [[terpsimbrotos]]. The ''pt-'' in ''ptolemos'' (vs. earlier ''polemos'') "war" is thought to arise from a re-analysis of the compound word ''phere-t-polemos'', metathesised to ''phere-ptolemos''. '''George Dunkel''', "Two old problems in Greek: πτόλεμος and τερψίμβροτος", ''Glotta'' '''70''':3/4:197-225 (1992) {{JSTOR\|40266932}}.</ref> and the suffix [[wikt:-αῖος\|-αῖος]] ''-aios'' meaning 'pertaining' or 'belonging to'. A nephew of [[Antigonus I Monophthalmus]] was called ''Polemaeus'',<ref>Who's Who in the Age of Alexander the Great [https://books.google.com/books?id=JJ4K1wFZkrsC&pg=PA57&dq=Polemaeus&sig=pKlfRfbLZ3pD1N0RijnvK20miJ8] by Waldemar Heckel</ref> the normal form of the adjective. ''Ptolemaios'' is first attested in [[Homer]]'s [[Iliad]] and is the name of an [[Achaeans (Homer)\|Achaean]] warrior, son of Piraeus, father of Eurymedon.<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.%20Il.%204.228&lang=original Homer, ''Iliad'', 4.228], on Perseus</ref> The name ''Ptolemaios'' varied over the years from its roots in [[ancient Greece]], appearing in different languages in various forms and spellings: Line 16 ⟶ 17: {{lang-it\|Tolomeo}} * {{lang-en\|Ptolemy}} * {{lang-egy\|~~ptwȝlmys~~ptwꜣrwmys<hiero align="top">p:t-wA-l:M-i-i-s</hiero>}} * {{lang-cop\|ⲡⲧⲟⲗⲉⲙⲁⲓⲟⲥ}} ''Ptolemaios'' * [[Phoenician language\|Phoenician]]: 𐤐𐤕𐤋𐤌𐤉𐤎 (~~ptlmyš~~ptlmys) or 𐤐𐤕𐤋𐤌𐤉𐤔 (~~ptlmys~~ptlmyš) * [[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]] and [[Aramaic language\|Aramaic]]: תלמי (tlmy) ''[[wikt:תלמי\|~~Talmai~~Talmay]]'' * [[Middle Persian]] 𐭯𐭲𐭫𐭬𐭥𐭱 (ptlmywš) ''Patlamyōš'' * {{lang-fa\|بَطلَمیوس، پتُلِمَیوس}} ''Baṭlamīūs/ Ptolemaios'' Line 25 ⟶ 26: The name ''Ptolemy'' spread from its Greek origins to enter other languages in [[Western Asia]] during the [[Hellenistic period\|Hellenisation]] that followed the conquest of the known world by [[Alexander the Great]]. The Aramaic name "Bar -[[Talmai]]", "son of Talmai" (Greek ''Bartolomaios'' and English ''[[Bartholomew (name)\|Bartholomew]]'') may be related.<ref>[[Bartholomew the Apostle]] is thus thought to have been the son of a Ptolemy.</ref> [[Ptolemais (disambiguation)\|Ptolemais]] is formed from this name by the Greek feminine adjectival ending ''-i(d)s''. ==Claudius Ptolemaeus== [[Ptolemy]] commonly refers to Claudius Ptolemaeus (ca. 90 AD–ca. 168 AD), a writer, geographer, mathematician, astronomer and astrologer who lived in the Alexandrine Greek culture of Roman Egypt. ==~~Egyptian~~ Ptolemaic dynasty==▼ {{Hiero\|Ptolemy\|<hiero>< p:t-wA-l:M-i-i-s ></hiero>\|align=right\|era=egypt}}▼ {{main\|Ptolemaic dynasty}}▼ ~~The~~Ptolemy ~~Ptolemaic~~also ~~dynasty,~~refers to any of ~~Macedonian~~16 ~~origin,~~pharaohs of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]] who ruled [[Hellenistic Egypt]] for nearly 300 years, from 305 BC to 30 BC. The ~~kings~~[[Greco-Egyptian]] ~~of this~~pharaonic dynasty, ~~the~~of ~~first~~[[ancient ofMacedon\|Macedonian]] ~~which~~origin was established by [[Ptolemy I Soter]] (303–282 BC), and the male dynastic successors were all also named Ptolemy, as were several other members of the dynasty.▼ ==Early Greek rulers and generals named Ptolemy== Line 41 ⟶ 47: [[Ptolemy (son of Pyrrhus)]] (295–272 BC) – a son of king [[Pyrrhus of Epirus]] [[Ptolemy of Epirus]] – King of the Greek frontier kingdom of Epirus c. 237 BC – 234 ВС ▲==Egyptian Ptolemaic dynasty== ▲{{main\|Ptolemaic dynasty}} ▲{{Hiero\|Ptolemy\|<hiero>< p:t-wA-l:M-i-i-s ></hiero>\|align=right\|era=egypt}} ▲The Ptolemaic dynasty, of Macedonian origin, ruled Hellenistic Egypt for nearly 300 years, from 305 BC to 30 BC. The kings of this dynasty, the first of which was [[Ptolemy I Soter]] (303–282 BC), were all named Ptolemy, as were several other members of the dynasty. ==Other people named Ptolemy or Ptolemaeus == Line 76 ⟶ 77: [[Tolomeo Mwansa]] (1941-2014), a Zambian football goalkeeper [[Giovanni Battista Tolomei]] (1653–1726), Italian Jesuit priest, theologian, and cardinal ==Places== * [[Mount Ptolemy (Antarctica)]] * [[Mount Ptolemy (Canada)]] ==Uses in arts and entertainment== Line 85 ⟶ 91: ''[[Ptolemaic Terrascope]]'' is a magazine founded in 1989. The name was inspired by "Ptolemy the turtle, who lives at Terrascope Towers". Various artworks and logos feature an astronomer peering through a 'terrascope', so Ptolemaic may here refer to [[Claudius Ptolemaeus]] ''The Last Days of Ptolemy Grey'' is a novel by [[Walter Mosley]], later adapted into [[The Last Days of Ptolemy Grey\|a miniseries of the same name]], whose titular character is a lonely 93-year-old man with dementia. * ''Ptolemy'', a track by Aphex Twin from the 1992 album ''[[Selected Ambient Works 85–92]]'' * ''Ptolemaea'', a song by [[Ethel Cain]] from her debut album [[Preacher's Daughter]] ==See also== Line 91 ⟶ 99: *[[Tolomeo (disambiguation)]] == ~~References~~Footnotes == {{reflist\|group="note"}} <references/> {{given name}} [[Category:Etymologies]]