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{{Short description|Body that advised the Scottish monarch}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=
The '''Privy Council of Scotland''' ({{circa|1490}} — 1 May 1708) was a body that advised the [[List of Scottish monarchs|Scottish monarch]]. In the range of its functions the council was often more important than the [[
==History==
Like the Parliament, the Council was a development of the [[Curia regis|King's Council]]. The King's Council, or ''curia regis'', was the court of the monarch surrounded by his royal officers and others upon whom he relied for advice. It is known to have existed in the thirteenth century, if not earlier, but has left little trace of its activities. ▼
▲Like the Parliament, the
By the later fifteenth century the council had advisory, executive and judicial functions though surviving records are mainly confined to the last. It is at this period that the 'secret' or privy council makes its formal appearance when, in February 1490, parliament elected 2 bishops, an abbot or prior, 6 barons and 8 royal officers to form the king's council ''for the ostensioun and forthputting of the King's authorite in the administracioun of justice''. ▼
▲By the later fifteenth century the council had advisory, executive and judicial functions though surviving records are mainly confined to the last. It is at this period that the 'secret' or privy council makes its formal appearance when, in February 1490, parliament elected 2 bishops, an abbot or prior, 6 barons and 8 royal officers to form the king's council
The ''Lords of Secret Council'', as they were known, were part of the general body of Lords of Council, like the Lords of Session and Lords Auditors of Exchequer. After 1532 much of the judicial business was transferred to the newly founded College of Justice, the later [[Court of Session]]. The council met regularly and was particularly active during periods of a monarch's minority. A separate register of the privy council appears in 1545 and probably marks the point at which the secret council split off from its parent body.▼
▲The ''Lords of Secret Council'', as they were known, were part of the general body of Lords of Council, like the Lords of Session and [[Court of Exchequer (Scotland)|Lords Auditors of Exchequer]]. After 1532 much of the judicial business was transferred to the newly founded College of Justice, the later [[Court of Session]]. The council met regularly and was particularly active during periods of a monarch's minority. A separate register of the privy council appears in 1545 and probably marks the point at which the secret council split off from its parent body.
After 1603 [[James I of England|James VI]] was able to boast to the English Parliament that he governed Scotland ''with my pen''. The council received his written instructions and executed his will.<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.nas.gov.uk/guides/privyCouncil.asp | title = Privy council records | accessdate = 2012-01-30}}</ref> This style of government, continued by his grandsons [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] and [[James II of England|James VII]], was disrupted during the reign of Charles I, the Covenanters and the Cromwellian occupation. There are gaps in the register during the [[Wars of the Three Kingdoms|upheavals of 1638–41]] when the council was largely displaced by an alternative administration set up by the [[Covenanter]]s and during the [[Oliver Cromwell|Cromwellian]] period, the council ceased to act at all. ▼
▲After 1603 [[James I of England|James VI]] was able to boast to the English Parliament that he governed Scotland ''with my pen''. The council received his written instructions and executed his will.<ref>
After the [[English Restoration|restoration of the monarchy]] in 1660, Charles II nominated his own privy councillors and set up a council in London through which he directed affairs in Edinburgh, a situation that continued after the [[Glorious Revolution]] of 1688–9. The council survived the Act of Union but for one year only. It was abolished on 1 May 1708 by the [[Parliament of Great Britain]] and thereafter there was one [[Privy Council of Great Britain]] sitting in London.<ref>{{cite web|title=Privy Council Records|url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/research/guides/privy-council-records|publisher=National Records of Scotland|access-date=8 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=O'Gorman|first1=Frank|title=The Long Eighteenth Century: British Political and Social History 1688-1832|date=2016|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9781472507747|page=65|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KpY-CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA65}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Black|first1=Jeremy|title=The politics of Britain, 1688-1800|date=1993|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=0719037611|page=13|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qX_W1O6XatwC&pg=PA13}}</ref>
Until 1707, The Privy Council met in what is now the West Drawing Room at the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh. It was called the Council Chamber in the 17th century.▼
▲Until 1707,
The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland (1545–1689) was edited and published between 1877 and 1970 by [[John Hill Burton]], [[David Masson]], [[Peter Hume Brown]] and Henry Macleod Paton.
==Lord President of the Privy Council==
The President of the Privy Council was one of the [[Great Officer of State|Great Officers of State]] in Scotland. The [[Lord Chancellor of Scotland|Lord Chancellor]] presided over the Council ex officio, but in 1610 James VI decreed that the President of the College of Justice should preside in the Chancellor's absence, and by 1619 the additional title of President of the Privy Council had been added. The two presidencies were separated in 1626 as part of [[Charles I of England|Charles I]]'s
*1625: [[John Graham, 4th Earl of Montrose|The 4th Earl of Montrose]]
*1649: [[John Campbell, 1st Earl of Loudoun|The 1st Earl of Loudoun]]
*1660: [[John Leslie, 1st Duke of Rothes|The 7th Earl of Rothes]]
*1663: [[John Hay, 2nd Earl of Tweeddale|The 2nd Earl of Tweeddale]]
*1672: [[John Maitland, 1st Duke of Lauderdale|The 1st Duke of Lauderdale]]
*1681
*1682: [[James Graham, 3rd Marquess of Montrose|The 3rd Marquess of Montrose]]
*1686: [[William Douglas, 1st Duke of Queensberry|The 1st Duke of Queensberry]] (questioned)
*1689: [[William Lindsay, 18th Earl of Crawford|The 18th Earl of Crawford and 2nd Earl of Lindsay]]
*1692: [[William Johnstone, 1st Marquess of Annandale|The 2nd Earl of Annandale and Hartfell]] (later created 1st [[Marquess of Annandale]])
*1695: [[George Melville, 1st Earl of Melville|The 1st Earl of Melville]]
*1702: [[William Johnstone, 1st Marquess of Annandale|The 1st Marquess of Annandale]]
*1704: [[James Graham, 1st Duke of Montrose|The 4th Marquess of Montrose]]
*1705: [[William Johnstone, 1st Marquess of Annandale|The 1st Marquess of Annandale]]
*1706: [[James Graham, 1st Duke of Montrose|The 4th Marquess of Montrose]] (later created 1st [[Duke of Montrose]])
''office abolished in 1708''
==See also==
*[[Privy Council]]
* [[:Category:Members of the Privy Council of Scotland]]
== External links ==
{{reflist}}
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|editor-first=Peter Hume
|editor-link=Peter Hume Brown
|title=The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland (edited and abridged)
|volume=I
|series=2nd
|publisher=Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury
|location=Edinburgh
}}
*{{Citation
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|editor-first=Peter Hume
|editor-link=Peter Hume Brown
|title=The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland (edited and abridged)
|volume=II
|series=2nd
|publisher=Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury
|publication-date=1900
|
|url=
|
}}
*{{Citation
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|editor-first=Peter Hume
|editor-link=Peter Hume Brown
|title=The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland (edited and abridged)
|volume=III
|series=2nd
|publisher=Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury
|publication-date=1901
|
|url=
|
}}
*{{Citation
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|editor-first=Peter Hume
|editor-link=Peter Hume Brown
|title=The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland (edited and abridged)
|volume=IV
|series=2nd
|publisher=Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury
|publication-date=1902
|
|url=
*{{Citation
|year=1633–1635
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|editor-first=Peter Hume
|editor-link=Peter Hume Brown
|title=The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland (edited and abridged)
|volume=V
|series=2nd
|publisher=Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury
|publication-date=1904
|
|url=
*{{Citation
|year=1635–1637
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|editor-first=Peter Hume
|editor-link=Peter Hume Brown
|title=The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland (edited and abridged)
|volume=VI
|series=2nd
|publisher=Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury
|publication-date=1905
|
|url=
*{{Citation
|year=1638–1643
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|editor-first=Peter Hume
|editor-link=Peter Hume Brown
|title=The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland (edited and abridged)
|volume=VII
|series=2nd
|publisher=Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury
|publication-date=1906
|
|url=
*{{Citation
|year=1644–1660
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|editor-first=Peter Hume
|editor-link=Peter Hume Brown
|title=The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland (edited and abridged)
|volume=VIII
|series=2nd
|publisher=Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury
|publication-date=1908
|
|url=
<u>Other links</u>
*{{Citation
|last=Home
|first=David (probable author)
|year=1700–1707
|editor-last=Hume
|editor-first=David
|title=A Diary of the Proceedings in the Parliament and Privy Council of Scotland (21 May 1700 – 7 March 1707)
|publication-date=1828
|
|url=
{{Early Modern Scotland}}
[[Category:Privy Council of Scotland| ]]
[[Category:Lists of Scottish people]]
[[Category:1708 disestablishments in Great Britain]]
[[Category:1708 disestablishments in Scotland]]
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