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'''''Responsa''''' (plural of [[Latin]] {{lang|la|responsum}}, 'answer') comprise a body of written decisions and rulings given by [[legal scholar]]s in response to questions addressed to them. In the modern era, the term is used to describe decisions and rulings made by scholars in historic [[religious law]].
==In the Roman Empire==
[[Roman law]] recognised {{lang|la|responsa prudentium}}, i.e., the responses and thoughts of [[jurists]], as one of the sources of {{lang|la|[[ius scriptum]]}} (written law), along with laws originating from [[Roman magistrate|magistrates]], from the [[Roman Senate|Senate]], or from the [[Roman emperor|emperor]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Roman law {{!}} Influence, Importance, Principles, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Roman-law
A particularly well-known and highly influential example of such ''responsa'' was the ''Digesta'' (or ''Digests''), in 90 books, the principal work of the prominent
==In the Catholic Church==
<!-- "Dubium" and "Dubia" redirect here. See [[MOS:HIDDENLINKADVICE]]. -->
Some ''responsa'' are given in ''[[Notitiae]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|title=Notitiae Responses|url=http://notitiae.ipsissima-verba.org/|access-date=2021-12-20|website=notitiae.ipsissima-verba.org}}</ref> the official journal of the [[Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments]] (CDW). The ''responsa'' given in ''Notitiae'' are, according to the CDW, to be considered only as private responses unless they are published in official legal records of the Holy See.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pentin|first=Edward|date=February 8, 2022|title=Traditional Latin Mass: Canonists Question the Legislative Force of Recent Vatican Guidelines|url=https://www.ncregister.com/news/traditional-latin-mass-canonists-question-the-legislative-force-of-recent-vatican-guidelines|access-date=2022-02-10|website=NCR|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=1969 |title=[no title] |url=http://notitiae.ipsissima-verba.org/pdf/notitiae-1969-323-323.pdf |journal=[[Notitiae]] |volume=5 |pages=323 |quote=Solutiones quae proponuntur non induunt vestem officialem, sed habent valorem orientativum: solutiones 'ex officio' publici iuris fient in Acta Apostolicae Sedis}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=1997 |title=Responsa ad dubia proposita |url=http://notitiae.ipsissima-verba.org/pdf/notitiae-1997-138-138.pdf |journal=[[Notitiae]] |volume=33 |pages=138 |quote=Licet solutiones quae proponuntur potestatem legislativam non habeant, induunt tamen vestem officialem quia actuale magisterium et praxim huius Congregationis exprimunt}}</ref>
==In Judaism==
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==In Islam==
▲}}A similar use of responsa (here called [[fatwā]]) is found in [[Islam]].<ref name=":1" />
==See also==
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