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{{Short description|Russian telecommunications company}}
{{Infobox company
| name = OJSC Rostelecom
| logo = Rostelecom logo English 2018.svg
| logo_caption = Latin-script logo since 2018
| logo_size = 250px
| image =
| image_caption = Rostelecom's main building in Moscow, photographed in
| type = [[Public company|Public]] ([[Open Joint-Stock Company|OAO]]), [[state owned]]
| traded_as = {{MICEX-RTS|RTKM}}
| fate =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1993|09|23|df=y}}
| founder
| location = [[Moscow]], [[Russia]]
| locations =
| area_served =
| key_people =
| industry = [[Telecommunications]]
| products = [[
| services =
| revenue = {{wikidata revenue|revenue|USD}}{{wikidata revenue|revenue|ref}}
| revenue_year = {{wikidata revenue|revenue|year}}
| operating_income = {{wikidata revenue|operating_income|USD}}{{wikidata revenue|operating_income|ref}}
| income_year = {{wikidata revenue|operating_income|year}}
| net_income = {{wikidata revenue|net_income|USD}}{{wikidata revenue|net_income|ref}}
| net_income_year = {{wikidata revenue|net_income|year}}
| assets = {{wikidata revenue|assets|USD}}{{wikidata revenue|assets|ref}}
| assets_year = {{wikidata revenue|assets|year}}
| equity = {{wikidata revenue|equity|USD}}{{wikidata revenue|equity|ref}}
| equity_year = {{wikidata revenue|equity|year}}
| owner =
| num_employees =
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid = [[
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.company.rt.ru/en/|
| footnotes =
| intl =
}}
'''Rostelecom''' ({{lang-ru|ПАО «Ростелеком»}}) is [[Russia]]'s leading [[long-distance telephony|long-distance telephone]] provider. Domestic long-distance service provides about 50% of the company's revenue; and international long-distance calls provide about 25%.
Rostelecom interconnects all local public operators’ networks into a single national network for long-distance service. In other words, if one makes a long-distance call or originates [[Internet in Russia|Internet contact to or from Russia]], it is likely that Rostelecom is providing part of the service. The company's [[stock]] trades primarily on the [[Moscow Exchange]].
==History==
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==Ownership==
Owners of Rostelecom
* OAO MobiTel (12.01%)
==Operations==
▲* [[Federal Agency for State Property Management]] (38.2%)
Rostelecom has the largest domestic backbone network (approximately 500 thousand km) and last mile connections to approximately 35 million households in Russia. The Company holds licences to provide a wide range of telecommunications services (telephony, data, TV and value-added solutions) to residential, corporate and governmental subscribers and third party operators across all regions of the Russian Federation. The company offers "Karta Svyazi" a user-friendly prepaid long-distance telephone card service designed to provide telephony and access to the internet for people on the go.
▲* [[Vnesheconombank]] (3.36%)
==
The company's network is based on extant Russian [[fiber optics|fiber-optic cable lines]] - FOCL. By cable the network is connected to countries in [[Europe]] and [[East Asia]].
[[fiber optics|Fiber-optic cable lines]] crosses [[Russian Federation]] on directions «[[Moscow]] — [[Novorossiysk]]», «Moscow — [[Khabarovsk]]» and «Moscow — [[Saint Petersburg]]».
IP transit has been allocated to a separate company, [[RTComm]], using Rostelecom's [[STM-16]] FOCL resources, but Rostelecom is building its own [[STM-64]] (9,9533 Gbit/s) network, which as of August 2006, covered [[Rostov-on-Don]], [[Krasnodar]], [[Volgograd]], [[Stavropol]], and planned to cover the whole of [[Russia]] by the end of 2006.
Rostelecom had 29.2 million local fixed-line voice subscribers, 12.4 million mobile voice subscribers, 7.4 million fixed-line broadband subscribers and 5.5 million pay-TV subscribers at the end of the first quarter of 2010.
=== Backbone network ===▼
===
Using the services of the Russian Orbital Group, Rostelecom has built its satellite system for its Eastern region, comprising 11 land stations in [[Siberia]] and the [[Russian Far East]]. [[satellite|Satellite service]] for the Western region is being built at this time.
Throughout the 90s Rostelecom created subsidiaries that operated cellular networks in different regions of the country, including NSS, Baikalvestkom, Yeniseikom, [[SkyLink]], Volgograd GSM and Akos which provided mobile services on the territory of 59 regions of Russia, serving more than 13.5 million subscribers. During the 2010s, Rostelecom and its subsidiaries built mobile networks of the third generation in 27 regions of Russia. Total planned to install more than 8 thousand base stations. Suppliers of equipment and solutions for the [[3G+]] network are [[Ericsson]] and [[Huawei]].<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.comnews.ru/node/69474| title =Дочка "Ростелекома" начала тестирование сети 3G+ в Красноярске| work =comnews.ru| access-date = 30 November 2013}}</ref> In April 2013 the company announced the launch of 3G+ networks in the Sverdlovsk, Kurgan and Chelyabinsk regions, in the south of the Tyumen Oblast and in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area. This launch followed the introduction of 3G+ services in [[Perm Krai]]. Rostelecom's 3G+ network was installed using HSPA+ technology, providing data transfer speeds of up to 21MB/s, with the possibility of upgrading the network to reach speeds of up to 42MB/s if demand requires. The 3G+ network is LTE-ready, so that only minor modifications will be required before the company can roll out its 4G (LTE) network in the future.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.rostelecom.ru/en/ir/news/d349877/| title =Rostelecom launches 3G+ network in five regions of the Urals Federal District| work =Rostelecom official website| access-date = 14 December 2013}}</ref> In June 2013 Rostelecom launched its first part of its LTE network in [[Sochi]] for the [[2014 Winter Olympics]]. Besides, the company launched LTE networks in 8 other regions besides [[Karsnodar Krai]] by the end of 2013, including [[Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug]], Republic of [[Khakassia]], Republic of [[North Ossetia–Alania]], [[Sakhalin Oblast]], [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]], [[Nenets Autonomous Okrug]] and the [[Jewish Autonomous Oblast]].<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.bloomberg.com/article/2013-06-03/aahDh7PZGHxQ.html| title =Rostelecom OJSC: Rostelecom launches the first part of its LTE network in Sochi| work =[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]| access-date = 14 December 2013}}</ref>
In December 2013, Rostelecom board approved a plan to merge its mobile business into [[Tele2 Russia]], former division of Nordic telecoms group [[Tele2]] which sold it in April 2013 to VTB Bank due to the lack of 3G and 4G data licences, limiting its future growth prospects. Rostelecom would get a 45% voting stake in the new company, T2 RTK Holding, in exchange for contributing its standalone mobile subsidiaries and assets, including SkyLink. Tele2 Russia, owned by state-controlled bank VTB and Russian businessmen Yuri Kovalchuk and Alexei Mordashov, will have 55%. Rostelecom and Tele2 Russia together have around 38 million mobile subscribers, or a combined market share of 16%.<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.reuters.com/article/russia-rostelecom-idUSL6N0JR3UP20131212| title =Rostelecom approves mobile merger with former Tele2 unit| work =[[Reuters]]| date = 14 December 2013}}</ref> During the second stage, Rostelecom spun-off its integrated mobile businesses into its new wholly owned subsidiary, RT-Mobile ({{lang-ru|РТ-Мобайл}}), which will be expected to have Rostelecom's mobile licences, including the LTE licences, re-issued to it.<ref>{{cite web| url =https://online.wsj.com/article/DN-CO-20131212-006251.html| title =Rostelecom Board OKs Merging Mobile Assets with Tele2 Russia| work =[[The Wall Street Journal]]| access-date = 14 December 2013}}</ref> Analysts said the deal makes sense as "Rostelecom has been less efficient in rolling out mobile networks. By relying on the Tele2 team in mobile expansion Rostelecom removes risks, while remaining open to an upside".<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-11-21/rostelecom-ceo-says-tele2-russia-deal-will-create-value.html| title =Rostelecom CEO Says Tele2 Russia Deal Will Create Value | work =[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]| access-date = 14 December 2013}}</ref> In February 2014 Rostelecom and Tele2 signed a framework agreement on the integration of mobile assets to the authorized capital of the joint venture "T2 Rus Holding". At the first stage of integration, Rostelecom passed seven cellular subsidiaries it owns: "Sky Link", "Nizhny Novgorod Cellular Communications", "Baikalwestcom", " Volgograd GSM" Yenisei Telecom" and ICCO.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.comnews.ru/node/80388| title ="Ростелеком" и "Tele2" расписались| work =comnews.ru| access-date = 7 February 2014|date=7 February 2014}}</ref>
==Controversy==
In April 2017, Rostelecom (AS12389) originated 50 prefixes for numerous other [[autonomous system (Internet)|autonomous systems]] (AS). This caused Internet traffic normally destined for these organizations to instead be routed to Rostelecom. The [[BGP hijacking|hijacked]] prefixes belonged to financial institutions (most notably MasterCard and Visa), other telecom companies, and a variety of other organizations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bgpmon.net/bgpstream-and-the-curious-case-of-as12389/|title=BGPstream and The Curious Case of AS12389 {{!}} BGPmon|website=bgpmon.net|language=en|access-date=2017-10-17}}</ref> What makes the list of affected networks 'curious' is the high number of financial institutions such as: MasterCard, Visa, Fortis, [[Alfa-Bank]], and more. The other notable characteristic of this event is that the advertisement included several more prefixes that were more specifically defined than the prefixes normally announced, which makes it less likely that these were unintentionally leaked.
{{Reflist}}
{{commons category-inline|Rostelecom}}
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[[Category:Mobile phone companies of Russia]]
[[Category:Digital television]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Government-owned companies of Russia]]
[[Category:Companies based in Moscow]]
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