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'''Rostelecom''' ({{lang-ru|ОАО «Ростелеком»}}) is [[Russia]]'s leading [[long-distance telephony]] provider. Domestic long distance service provides about 50% of the company's revenue; and international long distance calls provide about 25%. From the company's website's "Rostelecom Today" page: "In every region of Russia, Rostelecom acts as a “carriers’ carrier” - interconnecting all local public operators’ networks into a single national network for long-distance service." In other words, if one makes a long distance call or originates [[internet]] contact to or from Russia, it is likely that Rostelecom is providing part of the service. The company's [[stock]] is traded on the [[MICEX]], [[Russian Trading System|RTS]], [[OTCBB]], [[London Stock Exchange]] and [[DAX|Frankfurt Stock Exchange]].
==History==
Rostelecom now also includes the regional incumbent telecommunications operators (CentreTelecom, SibirTelecom, Dalsvyaz, Uralsvyazinform, VolgaTelecom, North-West Telecom and Southern Telecommunications Company) and Dagsvyazinform. Rostelecom has the largest domestic backbone network (approximately 500 thousand km) and last mile connections to approximately 35 million households in Russia. The Company holds licences to provide a wide range of telecommunications services (telephony, data, TV and value-added solutions) to residential, corporate and governmental subscribers and third party operators across all regions of the Russian Federation.▼
Prior to 1990, responsibility for the provision of telecommunications services lie at the Ministry of Communications of the USSR. On June 26, 1990 the Ministry of Communications of the USSR established a state-owned joint-stock company Sovtelekom, which was given the rights to operate the telecommunications network of the USSR. On December 30, 1992 by order of the State Property Committee of Russia a state-owned enterprise Rostelecom, which consisted of 20 state long-distance and international calls, as well as communication equipment Intertelekom was organized.
Throught the 90s the company which was part of Svyazinvest was the sole long-distance operator in Russia. Along side with it, local companies operated in the different regions of Russia under the umbrella of Svyazinvest while Rostelecom connected between their networks. In 2001 these companies were merged to form number of regional incumbent telecommunications operators: CentreTelecom, SibirTelecom, Dalsvyaz, Uralsvyazinform, VolgaTelecom, North-West Telecom, Southern Telecommunications Company and Dagsvyazinform. On 2011 Svyazinvest was liquidated with the regional subsidiaries merged into Rostelecom.
==Operations==
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===Land network===
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Using the services of the Russian Orbital Group, Rostelecom has built its satellite system for its Eastern region, comprising 11 land stations in [[Siberia]] and the [[Russian Far East]]. [[satellite|Satellite service]] for the Western region is being built at this time.
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Throughout the 90s Rostelecom created subsidiaries that operated cellular networks in different regions of the country, including NSS, Baikalvestkom, Yeniseikom, [[SkyLink]], Volgograd GSM and Akos which provided mobile services on the territory of 59 regions of Russia, serving more than 13.5 million subscribers. During the 2010s, Rostelecom and its subsidiaries built mobile networks of the third generation in 27 regions of Russia. Total planned to install more than 8 thousand base stations. Suppliers of equipment and solutions for the [[3G+]] network are [[Ericsson]] and [[Huawei]].<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.comnews.ru/node/69474| title =Дочка "Ростелекома" начала тестирование сети 3G+ в Красноярске| work =comnews.ru| accessdate = 30 November 2013}}</ref> On April 2013 the company announced the launch of 3G+ networks in the Sverdlovsk, Kurgan and Chelyabinsk regions, in the south of the Tyumen Oblast and in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area. This launch followed the introduction of 3G+ services in [[Perm Krai]]. Rostelecom’s 3G+ network was installed using HSPA+ technology, providing data transfer speeds of up to 21MB/s, with the possibility of upgrading the network to reach speeds of up to 42MB/s if demand requires. The 3G+ network is LTE-ready, so that only minor modifications will be required before the Company can roll out its 4G (LTE) network in the future.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.rostelecom.ru/en/ir/news/d349877/| title =Rostelecom launches 3G+ network in five regions of the Urals Federal District| work =Rostelecom official website| accessdate = 14 December 2013}}</ref> On June 2013 Rostelecom launched its first part of its LTE network in [[Sochi]] for the [[2014 Winter Olympics]]. Besides, the company launched LTE networks in 8 other regions besides [[Karsnodar Krai]] by the end of 2013, including [[Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug]], Republic of [[Khakassia]], Republic of [[North Ossetia–Alania]], [[Sakhalin Oblast]], [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]], [[Nenets Autonomous Okrug]] and the [[Jewish Autonomous Oblast]].<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.bloomberg.com/article/2013-06-03/aahDh7PZGHxQ.html| title =Rostelecom OJSC: Rostelecom launches the first part of it's LTE network in Sochi| work =[[Bloomberg]]| accessdate = 14 December 2013}}</ref>
On December 2013, Rostelecom board approved a plan to merge its mobile business into [[Tele2 Russia]], former division of Nordic telecoms group [[Tele2]] which sold it in April 2013 to VTB Bank due to the lack of 3G and 4G data licences, limiting its future growth prospects. Rostelecom would get a 45% voting stake in the new company, T2 RTK Holding, in exchange for contributing its standalone mobile subsidiaries and assets, including SkyLink. Tele2 Russia, owned by state-controlled bank VTB and Russian businessmen Yuri Kovalchuk and Alexei Mordashov, will have 55%. Rostelecom and Tele2 Russia together have around 38 million mobile subscribers, or a combined market share of 16%.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/12/12/russia-rostelecom-idUSL6N0JR3UP20131212| title =Rostelecom approves mobile merger with former Tele2 unit| work =[[Reuters]]| publishdate = 14 December 2013}}</ref> During the second stage, Rostelecom will spin off its integrated mobile businesses into its new wholly owned subsidiary, RT-Mobile ({{lang-ru|РТ-Мобайл}}), which will be expected to have Rostelecom's mobile licences, including the LTE licences, re-issued to it.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://online.wsj.com/article/DN-CO-20131212-006251.html| title =Rostelecom Board OKs Merging Mobile Assets with Tele2 Russia| work =[[The Wall Street Journal]]| accessdate = 14 December 2013}}</ref> Analysts said the deal makes sense as "Rostelecom has been less efficient in rolling out mobile networks. By relying on the Tele2 team in mobile expansion Rostelecom removes risks, while remaining open to an upside".<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-11-21/rostelecom-ceo-says-tele2-russia-deal-will-create-value.html| title =Rostelecom CEO Says Tele2 Russia Deal Will Create Value | work =[[Bloomberg]]| accessdate = 14 December 2013}}</ref> On February 2014 Rostelecom and Tele2 signed a framework agreement on the integration of mobile assets to the authorized capital of the joint venture "T2 Rus Holding". At the first stage of integration, Rostelecom passed seven cellular subsidiaries it owns: "Sky Link", "Nizhny Novgorod Cellular Communications", "Baikalwestcom", " Volgograd GSM" Yenisei Telecom" and ICCO.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.comnews.ru/node/80388| title ="Ростелеком" и "Tele2" расписались| work =comnews.ru| accessdate = 7 February 2014|date=7 February 2014}}</ref>
==References==
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