Content deleted Content added
No edit summary |
m Added non-breaking space to non-template file size, bitrate, and bandwidth values (via WP:JWB) |
||
| (11 intermediate revisions by 10 users not shown) | |||
Line 35:
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid = [[Tele2 Russia]],
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.company.rt.ru/en/|rt.ru}}
| footnotes =
Line 41:
}}
'''Rostelecom''' (Ростелеком) is Russia’s largest provider of digital services<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pai |first=Shailaja |date=2021-12-10 |title=Rostelecom, VEB Ventures deploy new-gen backbone |url=https://developingtelecoms.com/telecom-technology/optical-fixed-networks/12485-rostelecom-veb-ventures-deploy-new-gen-backbone.html |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=Developing Telecoms |language=en-gb}}</ref> for a wide variety of consumers, households, private businesses, government and municipal authorities, and other telecom providers.
Rostelecom interconnects all local public operators’ networks into a single national network for long-distance service.
==History==
Prior to 1990, responsibility for the provision of telecommunications services lie at the Ministry of Communications of the USSR. On June 26, 1990, the Ministry of Communications of the USSR established a state-owned joint-stock company Sovtelekom, which was given the rights to operate the telecommunications network of the USSR. On December 30, 1992, by order of the State Property Committee of Russia, a state-owned enterprise Rostelecom, which consisted of 20 state long-distance and international calls, as well as communication equipment Intertelekom was organized.
Throughout the 1990s, the company which was part of Svyazinvest, was the sole long-distance operator in Russia. Alongside it, local companies operated in the different regions of Russia under the umbrella of Svyazinvest while Rostelecom connected between their networks. In 2001, these companies were merged to form a number of regional incumbent telecommunications operators: CentreTelecom, SibirTelecom, Dalsvyaz, Uralsvyazinform, VolgaTelecom, North-West Telecom, Southern Telecommunications Company and Dagsvyazinform. On 2011, Svyazinvest was liquidated with the regional subsidiaries merged into Rostelecom. In 2021, the company's revenue amounted to 351 billion rubles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ПАО "Ростелеком" |url=https://www.rusprofile.ru/id/1179083 |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=www.rusprofile.ru |language=ru}}</ref>
On October 18, 2006 "Rostelecom" received a certificate of quality of [[Multiprotocol Label Switching|IP-MPLS]] network and became the ISP backbone. In December 2006, Rostelecom and the telecommunications company [[KDDI]] in Japan under the "Transit Europe - Asia" signed an agreement to build a line of [[Nakhodka]] - [[Naoetsu]] with total bandwidth of 640
===Sanctions===
On 24 February 2022, in response to the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], the [[Office of Foreign Assets Control]] (OFAC) of the [[United States Department of the Treasury]] imposed sanctions against Rostelecom.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Treasury Announces Unprecedented & Expansive Sanctions Against Russia, Imposing Swift and Severe Economic Costs |url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0608 |date=24 February 2022}}</ref>
==Ownership==
Line 66 ⟶ 69:
===Land network===
The company's network is based on extant Russian [[fiber optics|fiber-optic cable lines]] - FOCL.
[[fiber optics|Fiber-optic cable lines]] crosses [[Russian Federation]] on directions «[[Moscow]] — [[Novorossiysk]]», «Moscow — [[Khabarovsk]]» and «Moscow — [[Saint Petersburg]]».
IP transit has been allocated to a separate company, [[RTComm]], using Rostelecom's [[STM-16]] FOCL resources, but Rostelecom is building its own [[STM-64]] (9,9533
Rostelecom had 29.2 million local fixed-line voice subscribers, 12.4 million mobile voice subscribers, 7.4 million fixed-line broadband subscribers and 5.5 million pay-TV subscribers at the end of the first quarter of 2010.
===Satellite network===
Using the services of the Russian Orbital Group, Rostelecom has built its satellite system for its Eastern region, comprising 11 land stations in [[Siberia]] and the [[Russian Far East]].
===Cellular network===
Throughout the 90s Rostelecom created subsidiaries that operated cellular networks in different regions of the country, including NSS, Baikalvestkom, Yeniseikom, [[SkyLink]], Volgograd GSM and Akos which provided mobile services on the territory of 59 regions of Russia, serving more than 13.5 million subscribers. During the 2010s, Rostelecom and its subsidiaries built mobile networks of the third generation in 27 regions of Russia. Total planned to install more than 8 thousand base stations. Suppliers of equipment and solutions for the [[3G+]] network are [[Ericsson]] and [[Huawei]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Дочка "Ростелекома" начала тестирование сети 3G+ в Красноярске |url=http://www.comnews.ru/node/69474 |access-date=30 November 2013 |website=comnews.ru}}</ref> In April 2013 the company announced the launch of 3G+ networks in the Sverdlovsk, Kurgan and Chelyabinsk regions, in the south of the Tyumen Oblast and in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area. [[MegaFon]] and [[Tele2 Russia|Tele2]] and [[Sky Link (Russia)|SkyLink]] This launch followed the introduction of 3G+ services in [[Perm Krai]]. Rostelecom's 3G+ network was installed using HSPA+ technology, providing data transfer speeds of up to
In December 2013, Rostelecom board approved a plan to merge its mobile business into [[Tele2 Russia]], former division of Nordic telecoms group [[Tele2]] which sold it in April 2013 to VTB Bank due to the lack of 3G and 4G data licences, limiting its future growth prospects. Rostelecom would get a 45% voting stake in the new company, T2 RTK Holding, in exchange for contributing its standalone mobile subsidiaries and assets, including SkyLink. Tele2 Russia, owned by state-controlled bank VTB and Russian businessmen Yuri Kovalchuk and [[Alexei Mordashov]], will have 55%. Rostelecom and Tele2 Russia together have around 38 million mobile subscribers, or a combined market share of 16%.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2013 |title=Rostelecom approves mobile merger with former Tele2 unit |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/russia-rostelecom-idUSL6N0JR3UP20131212 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> During the second stage, Rostelecom spun-off its integrated mobile businesses into its new wholly owned subsidiary, RT-Mobile ({{lang-ru|РТ-Мобайл}}), which will be expected to have Rostelecom's mobile licences, including the LTE licences, re-issued to it.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rostelecom Board OKs Merging Mobile Assets with Tele2 Russia |url=https://online.wsj.com/article/DN-CO-20131212-006251.html |access-date=14 December 2013 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> Analysts said the deal makes sense as "Rostelecom has been less efficient in rolling out mobile networks. By relying on the Tele2 team in mobile expansion Rostelecom removes risks, while remaining open to an upside".<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 November 2013 |title=Rostelecom CEO Says Tele2 Russia Deal Will Create Value |work=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-11-21/rostelecom-ceo-says-tele2-russia-deal-will-create-value.html |access-date=14 December 2013}}</ref> In February 2014 Rostelecom and Tele2 signed a framework agreement on the integration of mobile assets to the authorized capital of the joint venture "T2 Rus Holding". At the first stage of integration, Rostelecom passed seven cellular subsidiaries it owns: "Sky Link", "Nizhny Novgorod Cellular Communications", "Baikalwestcom", " Volgograd GSM" Yenisei Telecom" and ICCO.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2014 |title="Ростелеком" и "Tele2" расписались |url=http://www.comnews.ru/node/80388 |access-date=7 February 2014 |website=comnews.ru}}</ref>
Line 92 ⟶ 95:
In April 2017, Rostelecom (AS12389) originated 50 prefixes for numerous other [[autonomous system (Internet)|autonomous systems]] (AS). This caused Internet traffic normally destined for these organizations to instead be routed to Rostelecom. The [[BGP hijacking|hijacked]] prefixes belonged to financial institutions (most notably MasterCard and Visa), other telecom companies, and a variety of other organizations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BGPstream and The Curious Case of AS12389 {{!}} BGPmon |url=https://bgpmon.net/bgpstream-and-the-curious-case-of-as12389/ |access-date=2017-10-17 |website=bgpmon.net |language=en}}</ref> What makes the list of affected networks 'curious' is the high number of financial institutions such as: MasterCard, Visa, Fortis, [[Alfa-Bank]], and more. The other notable characteristic of this event is that the advertisement included several more prefixes that were more specifically defined than the prefixes normally announced, which makes it less likely that these were unintentionally leaked.
In 2017,
== See also ==
Line 102 ⟶ 105:
==External links==
{{commons category-inline|}}
{{Deutsche Telekom}}{{CATV}}
{{Moscow Exchange Index}}
Line 119 ⟶ 121:
[[Category:1993 establishments in Russia]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Moscow Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies in the MOEX]]
[[Category:Russian brands]]
[[Category:Russian entities subject to
| |||