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{{Short description|Russian telecommunications company}}
{{Infobox company
| name
| logo = Rostelecom logo English 2018.svg
| logo_caption = Latin-script logo since 2018
| logo_size = 250px
| image = Ростелеком главное здание летом.jpg
| image_caption = Rostelecom's main building in Moscow, photographed in 2022
| type = [[Public company|Public]] ([[Open Joint-Stock Company|OAO]]), [[state owned]]
| traded_as = {{MICEX-RTS|RTKM}}
| fate =
|
| successor =
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1993|09|23|df=y}}
|
| location = [[Moscow]], [[Russia]]
| locations =
| area_served =
| key_people = [[Mikhail Oseevsky]] <small> (President)</small><br />[[Sergei Ivanov]] <br /><small> (Chairman of the Board of Directors)</small>
| industry = [[Telecommunications]]
| products = [[Mobile phone|Mobile Telephony]]<br />[[Broadband Internet]]<br />[[IPTV]], [[Over-the-top media service|OTT]] & [[Cable television]],<br />[[Data center]]s<br />[[Telecommunications network|Cloud Solutions]]<br />[[Computer security|Cybersecurity Services]]<br />Digital Region services<br />[[E-government|E-government Solutions]].
|
| revenue = {{wikidata revenue|revenue|USD}}{{wikidata revenue|revenue|ref}}
| revenue_year = {{wikidata revenue|revenue|year}}
| operating_income = {{wikidata revenue|operating_income|USD}}{{wikidata revenue|operating_income|ref}}
| income_year = {{wikidata revenue|operating_income|year}}
| net_income = {{wikidata revenue|net_income|USD}}{{wikidata revenue|net_income|ref}}
| net_income_year = {{wikidata revenue|net_income|year}}
| assets = {{wikidata revenue|assets|USD}}{{wikidata revenue|assets|ref}}
| assets_year = {{wikidata revenue|assets|year}}
| equity = {{wikidata revenue|equity|USD}}{{wikidata revenue|equity|ref}}
| equity_year = {{wikidata revenue|equity|year}}
|
| num_employees = 136,700
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid = [[Tele2 Russia]], RTK-DC, DataLine, [[Central Telegraph]], [[Giprosvyaz]], etc
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.company.rt.ru/en/|rt.ru}}
| footnotes =
| intl =
}}
'''Rostelecom''' (Ростелеком) is Russia’s largest provider of digital services<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pai |first=Shailaja |date=2021-12-10 |title=Rostelecom, VEB Ventures deploy new-gen backbone |url=https://developingtelecoms.com/telecom-technology/optical-fixed-networks/12485-rostelecom-veb-ventures-deploy-new-gen-backbone.html |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=Developing Telecoms |language=en-gb}}</ref> for a wide variety of consumers, households, private businesses, government and municipal authorities, and other telecom providers.
Rostelecom interconnects all local public operators’ networks into a single national network for long-distance service. In other words, if one makes a long-distance call or originates [[Internet in Russia|Internet contact to or from Russia]], it is likely that Rostelecom is providing part of the service. The company's [[stock]] trades primarily on the [[Moscow Exchange]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 2020 |title=RATING REPORT: Rostelecom PJSC |url=https://www.fitchratings.com/research/corporate-finance/rostelecom-pjsc-01-12-2020 |website=[[Fitch Ratings]]}}</ref>
==History==
Prior to 1990, responsibility for the provision of telecommunications services lie at the Ministry of Communications of the USSR. On June 26, 1990, the Ministry of Communications of the USSR established a state-owned joint-stock company Sovtelekom, which was given the rights to operate the telecommunications network of the USSR. On December 30, 1992, by order of the State Property Committee of Russia, a state-owned enterprise Rostelecom, which consisted of 20 state long-distance and international calls, as well as communication equipment Intertelekom was organized.
Throughout the 1990s, the company which was part of Svyazinvest, was the sole long-distance operator in Russia. Alongside it, local companies operated in the different regions of Russia under the umbrella of Svyazinvest while Rostelecom connected between their networks. In 2001, these companies were merged to form a number of regional incumbent telecommunications operators: CentreTelecom, SibirTelecom, Dalsvyaz, Uralsvyazinform, VolgaTelecom, North-West Telecom, Southern Telecommunications Company and Dagsvyazinform. On 2011, Svyazinvest was liquidated with the regional subsidiaries merged into Rostelecom. In 2021, the company's revenue amounted to 351 billion rubles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ПАО "Ростелеком" |url=https://www.rusprofile.ru/id/1179083 |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=www.rusprofile.ru |language=ru}}</ref>
On October 18, 2006 "Rostelecom" received a certificate of quality of [[Multiprotocol Label Switching|IP-MPLS]] network and became the ISP backbone. In December 2006, Rostelecom and the telecommunications company [[KDDI]] in Japan under the "Transit Europe - Asia" signed an agreement to build a line of [[Nakhodka]] - [[Naoetsu]] with total bandwidth of 640 Gbit/s instead of the previous 560 Mbit/s.<ref>[http://telecom.cnews.ru/news/top/index.shtml?2006/12/13/227947 Россия-Япония: скорость связи вырастет в 1000 раз // CNews.ru, 13.12.2006]</ref>
===Sanctions===
On 24 February 2022, in response to the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], the [[Office of Foreign Assets Control]] (OFAC) of the [[United States Department of the Treasury]] imposed sanctions against Rostelecom.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Treasury Announces Unprecedented & Expansive Sanctions Against Russia, Imposing Swift and Severe Economic Costs |url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0608 |date=24 February 2022}}</ref>
==Ownership==
Owners of Rostelecom ordinary (voting) share as of November 2021:<ref>{{Cite web |title=ПАО "Ростелеком" - крупнейший в России провайдер цифровых услуг и решений. Официальный корпоративный информационный сайт. |url=https://company.rt.ru/ |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=company.rt.ru |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Federal Agency for State Property Management]] (38.2%)
* JSC Telecom Investments (20.98%)
* [[VTB Bank]] (8.44%)
* [[Vnesheconombank]] (3.96%)
==Operations==
PJSC Rostelecom is the largest integrated digital services and products provider,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Investegate {{!}}ROSTELECOM PJSC Announcements {{!}} ROSTELECOM PJSC: Rostelecom acquired a leading Internet provider in Yekaterinburg and the Sverdlovsk region |url=https://www.investegate.co.uk/rostelecom-pjsc--rkmd-/eqs/rostelecom-acquired-a-leading-internet-provider-in-yekaterinburg-and-the-sverdlovsk-region/20201217113122EDYTD/ |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=www.investegate.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Russia's Rostelecom acquires MVNE platform provider TVE-Telecom - SAMENA Daily News |url=https://www.samenacouncil.org/samena_daily_news?news=87889 |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=www.samenacouncil.org |language=English}}</ref> operating in all segments of the telecommunications market in Russia. The Company serves millions of households, state and private enterprises across the country.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-11-11 |title=ROSTELECOM PJSC: Rostelecom announces 100% consolidation of RTC-IT |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/press-releases/2021-11-11/rostelecom-pjsc-rostelecom-announces-100-consolidation-of-rtc-it |access-date=2022-07-13}}</ref>
Rostelecom is a key strategic innovator that provides solutions<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-11-16 |title=ROSTELECOM PJSC: Business Strategy 2025: lifting our digital ambition |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/press-releases/2021-11-16/rostelecom-pjsc-business-strategy-2025-lifting-our-digital-ambition |access-date=2022-07-13}}</ref> in the following fields: E-Government, cybersecurity, [[Beeline (brand)|Beeline]] and [[MTS (network provider)|MTS]] data-centres and cloud computing, biometry, healthcare, education and housing & utility services.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rostelecom - Headquarter Locations, Products, Competitors, Financials, Employees |url=https://www.cbinsights.com/company/rostelecom |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=www.cbinsights.com}}</ref>
In the summer of 2019, it was announced that Rostec plans to develop digital healthcare together with PJSC Rostelecom.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
===Land network===
The company's
[[fiber optics|Fiber-optic cable lines]] crosses [[Russian Federation]] on directions «[[Moscow]] — [[Novorossiysk]]», «Moscow — [[Khabarovsk]]» and «Moscow — [[Saint Petersburg]]».
IP transit has been allocated to a separate company, [[RTComm]], using Rostelecom's [[STM-16]] FOCL resources, but Rostelecom is building its own [[STM-64]] (9,9533 Gbit/s) network, which as of August 2006, covered [[Rostov-on-Don]], [[Krasnodar]], [[Volgograd]], [[Stavropol]], and planned to cover the whole of [[Russia]] by the end of 2006.
Rostelecom had 29.2 million local fixed-line voice subscribers, 12.4 million mobile voice subscribers, 7.4 million fixed-line broadband subscribers and 5.5 million pay-TV subscribers at the end of the first quarter of 2010.
===
Using the services of the Russian Orbital Group, Rostelecom has built its satellite system for its Eastern region, comprising 11 land stations in [[Siberia]] and the [[Russian Far East]]. [[satellite|Satellite service]] for the Western region is being built at this time.
===Cellular network===
Throughout the 90s Rostelecom created subsidiaries that operated cellular networks in different regions of the country, including NSS, Baikalvestkom, Yeniseikom, [[SkyLink]], Volgograd GSM and Akos which provided mobile services on the territory of 59 regions of Russia, serving more than 13.5 million subscribers. During the 2010s, Rostelecom and its subsidiaries built mobile networks of the third generation in 27 regions of Russia. Total planned to install more than 8 thousand base stations. Suppliers of equipment and solutions for the [[3G+]] network are [[Ericsson]] and [[Huawei]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Дочка "Ростелекома" начала тестирование сети 3G+ в Красноярске |url=http://www.comnews.ru/node/69474 |access-date=30 November 2013 |website=comnews.ru}}</ref> In April 2013 the company announced the launch of 3G+ networks in the Sverdlovsk, Kurgan and Chelyabinsk regions, in the south of the Tyumen Oblast and in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area. [[MegaFon]] and [[Tele2 Russia|Tele2]] and [[Sky Link (Russia)|SkyLink]] This launch followed the introduction of 3G+ services in [[Perm Krai]]. Rostelecom's 3G+ network was installed using HSPA+ technology, providing data transfer speeds of up to 21 MB/s, with the possibility of upgrading the network to reach speeds of up to 42 MB/s if demand requires. The 3G+ network is LTE-ready, so that only minor modifications will be required before the company can roll out its 4G (LTE) network in the future.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rostelecom launches 3G+ network in five regions of the Urals Federal District |url=http://www.rostelecom.ru/en/ir/news/d349877/ |access-date=14 December 2013 |website=Rostelecom official website |archive-date=8 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508232118/http://www.rostelecom.ru/en/ir/news/d349877/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In June 2013 Rostelecom launched its first part of its LTE network in [[Sochi]] for the [[2014 Winter Olympics]]. Besides, the company launched LTE networks in 8 other regions besides [[Karsnodar Krai]] by the end of 2013, including [[Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug]], Republic of [[Khakassia]], Republic of [[North Ossetia–Alania]], [[Sakhalin Oblast]], [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]], [[Nenets Autonomous Okrug]] and the [[Jewish Autonomous Oblast]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rostelecom OJSC: Rostelecom launches the first part of its LTE network in Sochi |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/article/2013-06-03/aahDh7PZGHxQ.html |access-date=14 December 2013 |website=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]}}</ref>
'''Network [https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Backbone-network-of-the-Russian-JSC-Rostelecom-8_fig4_331666855 infrastructure]'''
* Backbone network
* Regional backhaul network
* International networks
* Access networks (FTTB, GPON)
==
In April 2017, Rostelecom (AS12389) originated 50 prefixes for numerous other [[autonomous system (Internet)|autonomous systems]] (AS). This caused Internet traffic normally destined for these organizations to instead be routed to Rostelecom. The [[BGP hijacking|hijacked]] prefixes belonged to financial institutions (most notably MasterCard and Visa), other telecom companies, and a variety of other organizations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BGPstream and The Curious Case of AS12389 {{!}} BGPmon |url=https://bgpmon.net/bgpstream-and-the-curious-case-of-as12389/ |access-date=2017-10-17 |website=bgpmon.net |language=en}}</ref> What makes the list of affected networks 'curious' is the high number of financial institutions such as: MasterCard, Visa, Fortis, [[Alfa-Bank]], and more. The other notable characteristic of this event is that the advertisement included several more prefixes that were more specifically defined than the prefixes normally announced, which makes it less likely that these were unintentionally leaked.
In 2017, state-owned Rostelecom was selected to run a Russian national biometric database,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Russia Plans National Biometric Database Starting Next Year | website=[[Bloomberg News]] | date=26 December 2017 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-26/russia-plans-national-biometric-database-starting-next-year?leadSource=uverify%20wall}}</ref> with Russian legislators adopting a law to oblige banks and state agencies to enter their customers' biometric information, including facial images and voice samples, into the database.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-23 |title=The Russian Government's Advance on Biometric Data {{!}} Human Rights Watch |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/07/23/russian-governments-advance-biometric-data |access-date=2023-10-22 |language=en}}</ref>
==
* [[List of telecommunications regulatory bodies]]
==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category-inline|}}
{{Deutsche Telekom}}{{CATV}}
{{Moscow Exchange Index}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Rostelecom| ]]
[[Category:Telecommunications companies of Russia]]
[[Category:Internet service providers of Russia]]
[[Category:Mobile phone companies of Russia]]
[[Category:Digital television]]
[[Category:Streaming television]]
[[Category:Government-owned companies of Russia]]
[[Category:Companies based in Moscow]]
[[Category:
[[Category:1993 establishments in Russia]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Moscow Exchange]]
[[Category:
[[Category:
[[Category:Russian entities subject to U.S. Department of the Treasury sanctions]]
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