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{{More citations needed|date=February 2009}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = Royal Jordanian Army
| native_name = القوّات البرية الاردنيّة
| image = Royal Jordanian Army Seal.svg
| image_size =
| caption = Emblem of the Royal Jordanian Army
| role = [[Army]]
| start_date = 1920
| size = 86,000
| garrison = Amman
| current_commander = [[Lieutenant General]] [[Mahmoud Freihat]]
| notable_commanders = [[John Bagot Glubb]]<br />[[Abdullah II of Jordan]]<br />[[Hussein of Jordan]]<br />[[Mithqal Al-Fayez]]<br />[[Auda Abu Tayi]]<br/ >[[Haditha Al-Khraisha]]
| country = [[Jordan]]
| motto =
| colors = KA2 Desert Digital<br />KA2 Arid/Woodland Digital<br />KA2 SF Woodland Digital<br />[[MultiCam]]
| march =
| battles = {{Plainlist|
* [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]]
* [[Reprisal operations|Retribution operations]]
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| identification_symbol_label_2 =
}}
| anniversaries = June 10
}}
The '''Royal Jordanian Army''' (Arabic: القوّات البرية الاردنيّة
== History ==
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*An Arab force, which was probably the battalion that had accompanied prince Abdullah to [[Amman]] from Ma'an.
Roles of
*[[Transjordan Frontier Force]]: It had played an important role for the [[United Kingdom]] during [[World War II]], as it provided protection for British lines of communication extending from [[Iraq]] to [[Soviet Union]]. It also took part in the fighting against the [[France|French]] forces in [[Syria]].
*The [[Arab Legion]]: – During World War II, it was mainly tasked with maintaining law and order in the country. Moreover, it extended support to British Forces engaged in military actions in Syria, Iraq and [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]. A military detachment of this force participated in the [[Victory Day]] ceremonies in [[London]] on 8 June 1946, and the victory festival of [[Allies of World War II|Allied Forces]] in [[Jerusalem]].
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;Jordanian Army Order of Battle, June 1967
*2 × Armoured Brigades (40/60, Each 96 with [[M48 Patton|Patton M-48/M-48A-1]] MBTs, 40 × [[Ferret armoured car|FV-701 Ferret]] ARVs, 45 × [[M113 armored personnel carrier|M-113 APC]]s, 18 × M-52
*3 × Indp. Armoured Battalions (with [[Centurion tank|Centurion MK-V/VII]] or [[M47 Patton|Patton M-47]] MBTs)
*1 × Paratroop Battalion
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*297 × {{flagicon|United States}} [[M48 Patton|Patton M-48]](197)/M-48A-1(100) 90mm Main Battle Tanks
*49–160 × {{flagicon|United States}} [[M47 Patton|Patton M-47]] 90mm MBTs
*90–105 × {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Centurion (tank)|Centurion Mk.V/VII]] 20-pdr (84.6
*24 × {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Charioteer (tank)|Charioteer Mk.7 FV4101]] 20-pdr (84.6
*140–240 × {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Ferret armoured car|FV702 Ferret]] 4×4 armoured reconnaissance vehicles
*130 × {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Alvis Saladin|FV601 Saladin]] 76mm 6×6 ARVs
*150 × {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Alvis Saracen|FV603 Saracen]] 6×6 [[AIFV]]
*250 × {{flagicon|United States}} [[M113 armored personnel carrier|M-113]] [[armored personnel carrier]]s
*350 × {{flagicon|United States}} [[M40 recoilless rifle|M-40A1-C1
*90 × {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder|QF 17-pdr (
*36 ×{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Archer (tank destroyer)|Archer]] 17-pdr (76mm) self
*20 × {{flagicon|United States}} [[M44 self
*36 × M-52 105mm SPHs
*25 × {{flagicon|United States}} [[M115 howitzer|M-115
*16–18 × {{flagicon|United States}} [[155 mm Gun M1|M-59 Long Tom
*90–108 × {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Ordnance QF 25-pounder|QF 25-pdr (87.6mm)]] towed gun-howitzers
*[[Brandt 120mm]] Heavy Mortar
*{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[ML 4.2-inch mortar|4.2-inch (
*{{flagicon|United States}} [[M42 Duster|M-42 Bofors]] twin 40mm SP-AAGs
*{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Land Rover series|Land Rover]] 4WD
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After the 1967 war, the army was rearmed. In 1968, the army defended Jordan against Israeli troops that had invaded Jordanian territory in pursuit of Palestinian guerrillas – the [[Battle of Karameh]]. Palestinians claim a victory just for resisting Israeli troops; the Jordanians say that they forced the Israelis back; the Israelis say that they pulled back after hitting the Palestinians at which time they were bombed by the Jordanians.
Daily clashes continued on the Jordanian Front after the 1967 war until the mid
September 1970 is known as [[Black September in Jordan|Black September]] in Arab history. In September 1970, King Hussein moved to quash an attempt by armed Palestinian insurgents to overthrow his monarchy. The violence resulted in civilian casualties on both sides. Armed conflict lasted until July 1971 ending only when remaining Palestinian insurgents were surrounded in the Ajloun-Jarash mountains, finally surrendered to the Jordan army and were expelled from the country.'<ref name="Kenneth Pollack 2002, p.355"/> In October 1970, the Ba'athist regime in neighboring Syria had attempted to intervene in support of the Palestinians by sending an armoured column into the north of Jordan. Jordanian ground and air forces were able to halt this advance and a combination of international political pressure and discord within the Syrian military led to a Syrian retreat.<ref>{{cite book|author=John Keegan|page=684|title=World Armies|year=1979|isbn=0-333-17236-1}}</ref>
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Due to the critical position of Jordan (sandwiched between Iraq, Syria, Saudi Arabia and Israel), Jordan maintains a strong defensive army, with four regional commands, the Northern command, the Central Command, the Eastern Command and the Southern Command. As of August 2004, the army was reported to be 88,000 strong, and the Northern Command is reported to consist of (2 mech, 1 infantry, 1 artillery, 1 AD brigade), the Southern Command (1 armd, 1 infantry brigade), the Central Command (1 mech, 1 lt. inf, 1 arty, 1 AD brigade), the Eastern Command (2 mech, 1 arty, 1 AD brigade), and a strategic reserve (1 Royal armoured division with 3 armd, 1 arty, 1 AD brigades).<ref name="gloria-center" /><ref>IISS Military Balance 2004–2005, p.127-128</ref> An armoured division has become the core element of a strategic reserve.<ref name="orbat.com"/><ref name="ihracat">{{cite web|url=http://ihracat.ssm.gov.tr/TR/Documents/sofex2008/Mart%202008_%20Turkiye%20Urdun%20SSI%20Bilgi%20Notu.PDF |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-05-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091122151459/http://ihracat.ssm.gov.tr/TR/Documents/sofex2008/Mart%202008_%20Turkiye%20Urdun%20SSI%20Bilgi%20Notu.PDF |archive-date=2009-11-22}}</ref> Each command is controlled by its Field General, but all of the commands are under the King of Jordan's control.
Currently Royal Jordanian Army is restructuring its armoured units, [[Challenger 1|Challenger 1 MBTs]] equipping four battalions will be replaced by 80 [[Leclerc tank|Leclerc]] donated from UAE and 80 upgraded second-hand Italian [[B1 Centauro|Centauro
==Structure==
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[[File:USMC-120523-M-RO494-008.jpg|thumbnail|right|Forward observers from the Jordanian Army]]
==== JAF
:* Directorate of Joint Chiefs of Staff
:* Directorate of Royal Medical Services
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! [[File:Jordanian Northern Command.png|100px]] !! [[File:Jordanian Central Command.png|100px]] !! [[File:Jordanian Eastern Command.png|100px]] !! [[File:Jordanian Southern Command.png|100px]]
|-
| '''[[Jordanian Northern Command|Northern Region Command]]''' || '''[[Jordanian Central Command|Central Region Command]]''' || '''[[Jordanian Eastern Command|Eastern Region Command]]''' || '''[[Jordanian Southern Command|Southern Region Command]]'''
|}
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|style="text-align:center;" | 20
| [[Mechanized infantry|Mechanized Infantry]] Battalion ([[Armoured personnel carrier|APC]])
| [[YPR-765]], [[M113 armored personnel carrier|M113A2MK-1J]], [[M577|M577A2]]
|
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | 1
| Wheeled Infantry Battalion ([[MRAP]])
| [[RG-33|RG33L MRAP]], [[Humvee]], [[Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles|FMTV]], [[Navistar 7000 series]], DAF Military Trucks
| Royal Guard 3rd
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | 2
| [[Mechanized infantry|Armored Infantry]] Battalion ([[Infantry fighting vehicle|IFV]])
| [[Marder (IFV)|Marder 1A3]], [[M577|M577A2]]
| Both Battalions subordinate to 40th Armored Brigade
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | 11
| Border Guard Battalion
| [[MRAP
| four battalions per Border Guard Brigade, two battalions in
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | 3
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| Rapid Intervention Battalion (QRF)
| [[MRAP]], [[Humvee]], Toyota pickups, Al-Tha'lab LRPV, [[Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles|FMTV]], [[Navistar 7000 series]], DAF Military Trucks
| 61st
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | 3
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| 71st Special Battalion - CT, 101st Special Battalion - Spec. Ops., Defense & protection Battalion under [[Special Operation Forces (Jordan)|King Abdullah II Special Forces Group]]
|-
|style="text-align:center;" |
| [[Self-propelled artillery|Self-Propelled Artillery]] Battalion
| [[M109 howitzer|M109A2 Howitzer]], [[M113 armored personnel carrier|M113A2]], [[M577|M577A2]]
| Two to Four battalions per Command Artillery.
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | 2
| Heavy Self-Propelled Artillery Battalion
| [[M110 howitzer|M110A2 Howitzer]], [[M113 armored personnel carrier|M113A2]], [[M577|M577A2]]
| After JAF 2017 reform, only two battalions remained in service (One battalion each in Central & Northern Command).
|-
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|-
|style="text-align:center;" | 1
| | [[Field artillery|Field Artillery]]
| [[M119 howitzer|M119A2 Howitzer
|
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | 2
| [[Rocket artillery|Rocket Artillery]] Battalion
| [[HIMARS]], [[WM-80 MRL|WM-120 MLRS]], [[Humvee]], [[M577|M577A2]]
| 28th MLRS (WM-120) Battalion and 29th MLRS (HIMARS) Battalion
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | 1
| [[Target Acquisition]] Battalion
| [[TPQ-36]], [[TPQ-37]], [[COBRA (radar)|COBRA COunter Battery RAdar]], [[Humvee]], [[M577|M577A2]]
|
|-
|style="text-align:center;" |
| [[air defense artillery|Field ADA Battalion]]
| [[Strela-10]], [[ZSU-23-4 Shilka
| Two battalions per AD Group,
|-
|style="text-align:center;" | 4
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|style="text-align:center;" | 5
| [[Command and control|Command Communication Group]]
| [[M577|M577A2]]
| One Group per Command, one Group for Army Headquarter.
|-
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Advanced courses for officer training are provided at two centres near Amman – the Jordanian Staff College and the War College. Generally, officers from senior captain to lieutenant colonel attend the Staff College, where they can earn a BA degree in military science, while more senior officers study at the War College, where a master's degree is offered.
Many Jordanian officers study abroad – at the US Army General Staff College, or at the British Army Staff College, and many Jordanian cadets have graduated from the UK's Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst. Members of the Jordanian
The British Government arranges for senior Jordanian officers to attend the Royal College for Defence Studies in the UK. Britain's special relationship with Jordan has remained strong – this was underlined by the provision by the British Army of two short-term training teams
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The Jordanian Army is equipped with a mix of British and American tanks, including the [[Challenger 1|Al-Hussein]], [[Chieftain tank|Khalid]] and [[M60 Patton|M-60 Phoenix]]. The older [[Centurion tank]] and M-48A5 series are phased out, as the Challenger and M-60A3 undergo further upgrades.
Current projects carried out by [[
The M113A2MK-1J remains a standard APC and are being supplanted by [[AIFV]] and local vehicles, including the [[Dawsar|MAP II]] and Al-Temsah (Crocodile, an APC conversion of a [[Centurion tank]] chassis). 24–28 AH-1S/F 'Cobra' equip Army aviation and are equipped with TOW II ATGW and capable of night-time operations since been upgraded. Earlier the [[Bofors 40 mm gun]] was also used.
Personal Equipment includes the US-supplied M-16 rifles (mainly A2 and some A3/A4), M-4A1, Taiwanese [[T65 assault rifle|T65]] assault rifles and [[T86 assault rifle|T86]] carbines, Browning HP automatic pistols; however, some units utilise the relatively uncommon Beretta Italian SS70/223 (the standard carbine of the Public Security Department and Police Force). The M-60 and FN-MAG are carried as the GPMG. The Badia forces generally carry the M-14 on camel back.
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