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{{Short description|Church in Rostock, Germany}}
'''St. Mary's Church, Rostock''', in German '''Marienkirche''', is the biggest of three town churches found in the [[Hanseatic League|Hanseatic]] city of [[Rostock]], in northern Germany. The other two are [[St. Petrikirche, Rostock|St. Petri]] ''(Petrikirche)'' and St. Nicholas ''(Nikolaikirche''). A fourth, St. James ''(Jakobikirche)'', was heavily damaged during the Second World War and subsequently demolished. St. Mary's was designated in 1265 as the main parish church and since the [[protestant reformation]] in 1531 it's the house of the [[Evangelical-Lutheran]] Congregation. [[Image:Rostock St. Marien Kirche 1.jpg|thumb|180px|St. Mary's Church with transept (left) and choir]]▼
[[File:20140327_Rostock_Marienkirche_DSC09871_PtrQs.jpg|thumb|Western front of St. Mary]]
[[Image:Rostock St. Marien Kirche 1.jpg|thumb|St. Mary's Church with transept (left) and choir]]
[[Image:Dörte Helm - Blick auf die Rostocker Marienkirche (1916).jpg|thumb|Dörte Helm "St. Mary´s Church" (1916)]]
▲'''St. Mary's Church, Rostock''', in German '''Marienkirche''', is the biggest of three town churches found in the [[Hanseatic League|Hanseatic]] city of [[Rostock]], in [[northern Germany]]. The other two are [[St. Petrikirche, Rostock|St. PetriPeter's]] ''(Petrikirche)'' and St. Nicholas ''(Nikolaikirche''). A fourth, St. James' ''(Jakobikirche)'', was heavily damaged during the Second World War and subsequently demolished. St. Mary's was designated in 1265 as the main parish church. and sinceSince the [[protestantProtestant reformationReformation]] in 1531, it's thehouses housea congregation of the [[Evangelical- Lutheran]] Congregation. [[Image:Rostock St. Marien Kirche 1.jpg|thumb|180px|St. Mary'sState Church withof transept (left) and choirMecklenburg]].
 
==Building==
St. Mary's Church ''Marienkirche'', on Ziegenmarkt, is a large [[Brick Gothic]] church. Built in the 13th century, it was enlarged and modified at the end of the 14th century into the present basilica. The first reference to a church on this site is in 1232, which is thought to be the predecessor of the current building. The triple-[[nave]] [[transept|cross-shaped]] [[basilica]] is in [[Brick Gothic]], a building style typical of the [[Hanseatic League|Hanseatic]] port cities of northern Germany. The huge tower with a baroque lantern at the top was not completed until the end of the 18th century.
 
==Interior==
[[Image:HPIM0012.JPG|thumb|left|The gilded high altar depicts important Biblicalbiblical themes.]]▼
[[Image:Astronomische Uhr St. Marien–Kirche Rostock.jpg|thumb|The medieval astronomical clock at St. Mary's.]]
 
''';High Altar'''▼
▲[[Image:HPIM0012.JPG|thumb|left|The gilded high altar depicts important Biblical themes.]]
The high altar was built in 1721 by a Berlin craftsman, mainly from painted wood. The altar shows in three pictures; Bottom: " The Last Supper " ; Middle: " The Resurrection " ; Top: " The Effusion of the Holy Spirit " .▼
[[Image:Astrologische Uhr Marienkirche zu Rostock.jpg|thumb|The medieval clock at St. Mary's Church offers a wide variety of temporal data which will be renewed in 2017.]]
 
''';Pulpit'''▼
▲'''High Altar'''
The Pulpit in the style of renaissanceRenaissance made by Rudolf Stockmann in 1574. It was the first item of decoration to be installed in St. Mary's Church after the Reformation. Decorated with scenes from the passion of Jesus and a baroque [[abat-voix]] from 1723, the pulpit now creates the effect of a unit. To getcompensate overfor the poor acoustics in St. Mary's, the pulpit was built in the middle of the church to ensure closeness to the congregation.▼
 
▲The high altar was built in 1721 by a Berlin craftsman, mainly from painted wood. The altar shows in three pictures; Bottom: " The Last Supper " ; Middle: " The Resurrection " ; Top: " The Effusion of the Holy Spirit " .
 
▲'''Pulpit'''
 
▲The Pulpit in the style of renaissance made by Rudolf Stockmann in 1574. It was the first item of decoration to be installed in St. Mary's Church after the Reformation. Decorated with scenes from the passion of Jesus and a baroque abat-voix from 1723, the pulpit now creates the effect of a unit. To get over the poor acoustics in St. Mary's, the pulpit was built in the middle of the church to ensure closeness to the congregation.
 
'''Stained Windows'''▼
 
▲''';Stained Windows'''
The monumental south portal window of the [[transept]] with a height of 26 meters shows The Day of Judgement. It is one of the largest single stained glass windows in Europe and was made by
" [[TyroleanTyrol (state)|Tyrol]]ean [[stained glass]] [[Innsbruck]] " from 1894 till 1904.
It survived the Second World War in various states of disrepair.
It was thoroughly restored between 2003 and 2008 by a Mecklenburgean master from Dresden, and equipped with a protective glazing.
 
''';Astronomical Clock'''
''See [[Rostock Astronomical Clock]]''
 
''';Baptismal Font'''▼
Behind the high altar on the [[apse]] is an [[astronomical clock]] built in 1472 by [[Hans Düringer]], a [[clockmaker]] from [[Nuremberg]]. It consists of three partitions - Top: Apostle-go-round giving an hourly performance of the [[twelve apostles|apostles]] crossing before Jesus for a blessing before entry into eternal bliss, and the last, [[Judas Iscariot|Judas]], is shut out [http://www.travelpod.com/travel-blog-entries/ohiolair/1/1216844100/tpod.html]; Middle: Clock with daily time, [[zodiac]], moon phases, and month; Bottom: Calendar, which is valid until 2017. The medieval clock is the only one of its kind still in working condition with its original clockworks.
The Bronze font from 1290 is one of the oldest pieces in St. Mary's. The font is decorated with scenes from the life and passion of Jesus. The font is carried by four kneeling men ( representing Earth, Water, Air and Fire ) and the lid is crowned by a bronze eageleagle. According to the inscription, the basin was founded for Easter 1290 and the work was carried out in a Rostock workshop. During the [[World War II]], the Bronze font was hidden somewhere in Mecklenburg by the church staff to prevent it from being melted down for war material.▼
 
''';St. RochusRoch Altar'''▼
▲'''Baptismal Font'''
The late gothic [[St. RochusRoch]] altar is a sidealtarside altar, of which there were once 39 in this church. Manufactured from [[oak]] wood in 1530, the master [[wood carving|carver]] canwas probablylikely bepart found inof the circlescircle around carver Benedict Dreyer of [[Lübeck]]. In the centre of the shrine is the patron saintSaint RochusRoch. An angel points to the plague spot, the attribute of the deadly disease. RochusRoch is a saint of the [[Black Death]]. and it isScholars assumedbelieve that the altar was built and set up in connection with Black Death epidemics in Europe, which also ravaged in Rostock.▼
 
The Bronze font from 1290 is one of the oldest pieces in St. Mary's.
▲The font is decorated with scenes from the life and passion of Jesus. The font is carried by four kneeling men ( Earth, Water, Air and Fire ) and the lid is crowned by a bronze eagel. According to the inscription, the basin was founded for Easter 1290 and the work was carried out in a Rostock workshop. During the [[World War II]] the Bronze font was hidden somewhere in Mecklenburg by the church staff to prevent it from being melted down for war material.
 
▲'''St. Rochus Altar'''
 
▲The late gothic St. Rochus altar is a sidealtar of once 39 in this church. Manufactured from [[oak]] wood in 1530 the master [[wood carving|carver]] can probably be found in the circles around carver Benedict Dreyer of [[Lübeck]]. In the centre of the shrine is the patron saint Rochus. An angel points to the plague spot, the attribute of the deadly disease. Rochus is a saint of [[Black Death]] and it is assumed that the altar was built and set up in connection with Black Death epidemics which also ravaged in Rostock.
 
== Organ ==
[[Image:Marienkirche-Orgel20140327_Rostock_Marienkirche_DSC09877_PtrQs.jpg|thumb|left|The organ from 1770]]
 
The huge baroque facade of the "Marienorgel" was designed and built in 1770 by Paul Schmidt, [[organ (music)|organ]] builder of Rostock. Because of faults in the wind supply, it did not fulfill the expectations and it was completely rebuilt in 1793 by Ernst Marx of Berlin. Further modifications were undertaken at the end of the 19th century. In 1938, the organ was rebuilt again by the Sauer firm of Frankfurt/Oder. Today, it contains 83 [[organ stop|stops]] with 5.700[[Organ pipe|pipes]], playable by [[electro-pneumatic action]] on four [[manual (music)|manuals]] and [[pedal keyboard|pedal]]. About 30 stops have been retained from the previous instruments.
The huge baroque prospect of the "Marienorgel" was developed and built in 1770 by Paul Schmidt, an [[organ (music)|organ]] maker from Rostock.
Because the lack of enough pressurized [[air]] ( referred to as wind ) the [[sound]] was weak. That is the reason why this [[pipe organ|organ]] was extensively elaborated and enhanced upon throughout the centuries, with among others, Marx, Winzer and Börger. In 1938 the organ was eventually completed by organ builder Sauer, Frankfurt/O. and equipped with an [[electro-pneumatic]] [[Tracker action|action]]. Today it consist of four [[manual (music)|manuals]] and
a [[pedal keyboard|pedalboard]], 83 [[organ stop|stops]] ( [[Registration (organ)|registration]] ) and 5.702 [[organ pipes]], with the largest measuring eleven metres ( 32' ), the smallest the size of a cigarette ( 1/2' ). 30 pipes ([[voices]]) are remains of the original instrument.
 
== World War II ==
[[File:Egon Tschirch - Die zerstörte Stadt - 1942.jpg|thumb|[[Egon Tschirch]] ″Die zerstörte Stadt″ (″The destroyed town″, 1942)]]
InDuring the 1942 heavy air [[Raid (military)|raid]]s by the [[RAFRoyal Air Force]] in 1942, which lasted three days, much of Rostock was destroyed. The [[sexton (office)|sexton]] of St. Mary's, Mr. Bombowski, saved the church by decisive action. Although three [[Incendiary ammunition|incendiary bombs]] smashed through the roof of the tower, he extinguished the fire with the help from his daughter and a German auxiliary [[airforce]] commando. Comment of the formerFormer "[[NSDAP]] Kreisleiter" ( the local [[Nazi]] Party chiefparty leader) and then Lord Mayor of Rostock, Walter Volgmann, -said, " The old hut should have burned updown".{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} Inside the church is a famous picture by the painter [[Egon Tschirch]] from 19471942, which depicts St. Mary's Church surrounded by ruins.▼
 
== Rostock skyline with St. Mary's ==
▲In the 1942 heavy air [[Raid (military)|raid]]s by the [[RAF]], which lasted three days, much of Rostock was destroyed. The [[sexton]] of St. Mary's Mr. Bombowski saved the church by decisive action. Although three [[Incendiary ammunition|incendiary bombs]] smashed through the roof of the tower, he extinguished the fire with the help from his daughter and a German auxiliary [[airforce]] commando. Comment of the former "[[NSDAP]] Kreisleiter" ( the local [[Nazi]] Party chief ) and then Lord Mayor of Rostock, Walter Volgmann - " The old hut should have burned up". Inside the church is a famous picture by the painter [[Egon Tschirch]] from 1947 which depicts St. Mary's Church surrounded by ruins.
 
== Part of the Rostock Skyline ==
 
{{wide image|Panorama1.jpg|1700px|Panorama of Rostock from the bank of the [[Warnow]] river during the [[Hanse Sail]] with St. Mary's Church in the middle and St. Nicholas Church on the left}}
 
==Notable people==
== External links ==▼
*[[Daniel Friderici]], cantor at St. Mary's Church from 1618-1638<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |date=2001 |title=Friderici, Daniel|encyclopedia=[[The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians|Grove Music Online]] |series=Oxford Music Online |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|author=Martin Ruhnke, revised by Dorothea Schröder|doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.10251}}</ref>
* [http://www.marienkirche-rostock.de Marienkirche Rostock]▼
*[[Nikolaus Hasse]], organist at St. Mary's Church from 1642-1671<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |date=2001 |title=Hasse, Nikolaus|encyclopedia=[[The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians|Grove Music Online]] |series=Oxford Music Online |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|author=David J. Nichols|doi=10.1093/omo/9781561592630.013.90000380290}}</ref>
* [http://www.mv-terra-incognita.de/beitraege/denkmale/b/marien/marien.htm Historische Rostocker Bauwerke – Die St.-Marien-Kirche]▼
 
* [http://www.rettet-st-marien-rostock.de Stiftung St.-Marien-Kirche zu Rostock e. V.]▼
==References==
* [http://www.st-marien-kantorei-rostock.de Marien-Kantorei Rostock]▼
{{Reflist}}
 
== Sources ==
* "Architekturführer DDR Bezirk Rostock " - Verlag für Bauwesen, 1977▼
* "In deinen Mauern herrsche Eintracht und allgemeines Wohlergehen", Karsten Schröder - Ingo Koch Verlag, 2002▼
* "ROSTOCK - a tour of the city under the symbols of bull and griffin", Selma Kleinfeldt - Klatschmohn Verlag, 1997▼
* "Tadellöser & Wolff " , Walter Kempowski - Random House, 1996▼
 
▲== External links ==
▲* "Architekturführer DDR Bezirk Rostock " - Verlag für Bauwesen 1977
▲* [http://www.marienkirche-rostock.de Marienkirche Rostock] - English content provided
▲* "In deinen Mauern herrsche Eintracht und allgemeines Wohlergehen", Karsten Schröder - Ingo Koch Verlag 2002
▲* [http://www.mv-terra-incognita.de/beitraege/denkmale/b/marien/marien.htm Historische Rostocker Bauwerke – Die St.-Marien-Kirche]
▲* "ROSTOCK - a tour of the city under the symbols of bull and griffin", Selma Kleinfeldt - Klatschmohn Verlag 1997
▲* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080613144407/http://www.rettet-st-marien-rostock.de/ Stiftung St.-Marien-Kirche zu Rostock e. V.]
▲* "Tadellöser & Wolff " , Walter Kempowski - Random House 1996
▲* [http://www.st-marien-kantorei-rostock.de Marien-Kantorei Rostock] - English content provided
 
{{Coord|54.090|N|12.139|E|display=title|source:dewiki}}▼
 
▲{{Coord|54.090|N|12.139|E|display=title|source:dewiki|format=dms}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2010}}▼
 
▲{{Use dmy dates|date=NovemberJanuary 20102021}}
[[Category:Churches in Rostock]]▼
[[Category:Lutheran churches in Germany]]▼
 
{{linkAuthority FA|decontrol}}
 
[[deCategory:MarienkircheLutheran churches in (Rostock)|Mary]]
▲[[Category:Lutheran churches inconverted Germanyfrom Roman Catholicism|Rostock Mary]]
[[fr:Église Notre-Dame de Rostock]]
[[isCategory:Maríukirkjan íBrick Gothic|Rostock Mary]]
[[nlCategory:MarienkircheGothic (architecture in Germany|Rostock) Mary]]
▲[[Category:ChurchesTourist attractions in Rostock|MaryChurch]]
[[pl:Kościół Mariacki w Rostocku]]
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