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{{Pan-African|right}}
'''Kwame Ture''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|w|ɑː|m|eɪ|_|ˈ|t|ʊər|eɪ}}; born '''Stokely Standiford Churchill Carmichael'''; June 29, 1941{{spaced ndash}}November 15, 1998) was an American activist who played a major role in the [[civil rights movement]] in the [[United States]] and the global [[Pan-Africanism|pan-African]] movement. Born in [[Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidad]] in the Caribbean, he grew up in the United States from the age of 11 and became an activist while attending the [[Bronx High School of Science]]. He was a key leader in the development of the [[Black Power movement]], first while leading the [[Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee]] (SNCC), then as the "Honorary Prime Minister" of the [[Black Panther Party]]
Carmichael was one of the original SNCC [[freedom riders]] of 1961 under [[Diane Nash]]'s leadership. He became a major voting rights activist in [[Mississippi]] and [[Alabama]] after being mentored by [[Ella Baker]] and [[Bob Moses (activist)|Bob Moses]]. Like most young people in the SNCC, he became disillusioned with the [[two-party system]] after the 1964 Democratic National Convention failed to recognize the [[Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party]] as official delegates from the state. Carmichael eventually decided to develop independent all-black political organizations, such as the [[Lowndes County Freedom Organization]] and, for a time, the national Black Panther Party. Inspired by [[Malcolm X]]'s example, he articulated a philosophy of [[black power]], and popularized it both by provocative speeches and more sober writings.
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Carmichael's suspicions about CIA surveillance were confirmed in 2007 by declassified documents revealing that the agency had tracked him from 1968 as part of their surveillance of Black activists abroad. The surveillance continued for years.<ref name=CIA>[http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/washington/2007-06-26-cia-misconduct-glance_N.htm Associated Press, "Some Examples of CIA Misconduct"], ''[[USA Today]]'', June 27, 2007. Accessed January 9, 2014.</ref>
Documents declassified in 2022 revealed that the [[Information Research Department]] (IRD) of the British [[Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office|Foreign Office]], concerned by Carmichael's socialist and pan-Africanist views, created a fake organization that published literature critical of Carmichael. The IRD created
===All-African People's Revolutionary Party===
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[[Category:American pan-Africanists]]
[[Category:American socialists]]
[[Category:Anti-
[[Category:Black Power]]
[[Category:COINTELPRO targets]]
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