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It has an entrance [[Atrium (architecture)|atrium]] (44) containing a pool, a [[triclinium]] (16) with views of the bay, and several colonnaded courtyards. There are also many other small rooms, a kitchen and two internal gardens. This villa is also important because it has provided frescoes, sculptures, mosaics and architecture, which show styles and themes comparable to those found in Pompeii and Herculaneum.<ref>Pompeii in Pictures 99. Stabiae, Villa San Marco. https://pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/RV/Villa%20San%20Marco%20Stabiae%20p1.htm</ref>
The great peristyle (9) is surrounded by a long porch with a central pool (15) of 36×7 m which at the end has a
The villa has an even larger second peristyle on the southern side, partially excavated, approximately 140m long, with arcades supported by spiral columns which collapsed during the [[1980 Irpinia earthquake]]: the ceilings are painted with scenes depicting [[Melpomene]], the Apotheosis of [[Athena]] etc.. In this peristyle was a sundial found during the excavation in a deposit as the villa at the time of the eruption was under renovation; the sundial was subsequently placed in its original position.
The baths of the villa are of considerable size on a triangular plot. The remains of the frescoes show they were finely decorated with depictions of large pendulous branches. Access to the baths is via an atrium, painted with wrestlers and boxers, followed by [[apodyterium]], [[tepidarium]], [[frigidarium]], [[palaestra]] and [[caldarium]]: the pool in the caldarium, accessible by stone steps, is 7x5m and 1.5m deep. In excavations in the pool, part of the bottom was removed exposing a large brick furnace heating a large bronze boiler which was removed in 1798 by Lord Hamilton to be transported to London, but during the trip the Colossus was shipwrecked. The caldarium was covered with marble slabs. From the baths there are a number of ramps connecting the villa with the shore.
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File:Stabiae Villa Di San Marco Affresco Albero.jpg|Fresco of a tree in Villa San Marco
File:Perseus Medusa villa san Marco Stabiae Italy.jpg|[[Perseus]] with head of [[Medusa]] in villa San Marco
File:Planisfero 1.jpg|Fresco detail of a [[planisphere]], from villa San Marco (seen at Antiquarium)
File:Skyphoi in ossidiana con incastonature, da villa s. marco a castellammare, I sec dc. 03.JPG|[[Skyphos]] in obsidian with incastonatura, in villa San Marco
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Another feature is its private tunnel system that links the villa from its location on the ridge to the sea shore, which was probably only between 100 and 200 metres away from the bottom of the hill in Roman times. The shoreline has since changed, leaving the site further inland than it was in antiquity.<ref>Howe, Thomas N. [https://actual-art.spbu.ru/en/publications/archive/vol-8/museum-collection-space-work-of-art/10654.html A Most Fragile Art Object: Interpreting and Presenting the Strolling Garden of the Villa Arianna, Stabiae.] In: Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art: Collection of articles. Vol. 8. Ed. S. V. Mal’tseva, E. Iu. Staniukovich-Denisova, A. V. Zakharova. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Univ. Press, 2018, pp. 691–700{{ISSN|2312-2129}}.</ref>
It was first excavated between 1757 and 1762<ref>Arnold De Vos; Mariette De Vos, Pompeii, Herculaneum, Stabia, Rome, Editori Laterza, 1982. p. 315</ref> when the villa was called the "first complex" to distinguish it from the "
====Layout====
It has a complex plan, the result of several expansions of the building and was conveniently divided into four sections: the [[Atrium (architecture)|atrium]], the [[thermal baths]], the [[triclinium]] and the [[peristyle]].
The "Tuscan" atrium, dating back to the late Republican age, is paved with white-black mosaic and has wall frescoes, often female figures and [[Palmette|palmettes]] on a black and red background attributable to the ''third style''. At the centre of the atrium is an [[impluvium]] while all around are numerous rooms: two of these, placed at the ends of the entrance of the atrium, preserve decorations that imitate architectures such as Ionic columns that support the [[Coffer|coffered]] ceiling belonging to the ''second style''.
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The bath area is smaller than the other villas in Stabiae, nevertheless there is an [[Apse|apsed]] [[Caldarium|calidarium]] with bath, a [[tepidarium]] and a [[frigidarium]]. In 2009 a large garden of 110x55 m was found, considered as the best preserved in the world, as the traces of the plants present at the time are still clearly visible.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.archemail.it/notizie2009.htm |title=Archemail l'archeologia in Campania - Gruppo Archeologico Napoletano ONLUS - Il notiziario archeologico della Campania |access-date=13 April 2020 |archive-date=7 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707033155/http://www.archemail.it/notizie2009.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> There are also numerous service areas such as the kitchen, a fishpond, a masonry staircase leading to the first floor and a stable, where two agricultural carts were found,<ref>La Villa di Arianna http://www.comune.castellammare-di-stabia.napoli.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=511:la-villa-di-arianna&catid=70:siti-archeologici</ref> one of which has been restored and on show to the public: this wagon has two large wheels made of iron and wood; in the immediate vicinity the skeleton of a horse with its hind legs raised was found, having become frightened by the eruption whose name, Repentinus, is also known from an inscription in the stable.
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File:Fresco showing a woman looking in a mirror as she dresses (or undresses) her hair, from the Villa of Arianna at Stabiae (Castellammare di Stabia), Naples National Archaeological Museum (17392924485).jpg|Fresco showing a woman looking in a mirror as she dresses (or undresses) her hair, from the Villa of Arianna at Stabiae (Castellammare di Stabia), [[Naples National Archaeological Museum]]
File:Leda 1.jpg|[[Leda and the Swan|Leda and the swan]]
File:Fresco depicting a seated woman, from the Villa Arianna at Stabiae, Naples National Archaeological Museum (17393152265).jpg|Fresco depicting a seated woman, from the Villa Arianna at Stabiae, [[Naples National Archaeological Museum]]
File:Villa Arianna (Stabia) WLM 099.JPG|[[Ariadne]] on [[Naxos]], triclinium, Villa Ariana
File:Nereide-su-cavallo-marino.JPG|[[Nereids|Nereid]] on sea-horse
File:Nereide-su-pantera.JPG|Nereid on sea-panther
File:Uccello, affresco Romano di Villa d'Arianna, Stabiae (Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli) - 02.jpg|Duck, Roman fresco from Villa Arianna, Naples Museum
File:Venditrice di amorini 1.jpg|Cupid seller
File:Carro (Villa Arianna) 5.JPG|Roman cart
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