Saint John Abbey, Müstair: Difference between revisions

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In the 10th century, the church tower was added to the abbey church. During the expansion of the 11th century the bishop of Chur enlarged his residence at the monastery. A fine [[Tower house|tower home]], [[cloister]], and the double chapel of St. Ulrich and St. Nicholas were added. During the expansion, the two-story residence chapel of the bishop was also decorated with extensive [[stucco]] and fresco work.<ref name="ICOMOS" /> At some time in the 12th century, the occupants of the abbey changed from [[monk]]s to [[nun]]s. This change is first mentioned in 1167, but it happened sometime before this date.<ref name="HDS" /> The first abbess known by name is [[Adelheid (abbess of Müstair)|Adelheid]], attested between 1211 and 1233.
 
The [[Swabian War]], which was an attempt by the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburgs]] to assert control over the [[Grisons]] and key alpine passes, started at the convent.<ref name="Riezler">[[Sigmund Riezler|Riezler, Sigmund]]: ''[http://www.historicum.net/no_cache/persistent/artikel/1070/ Die Grafen von Fürstenberg im Schweizerkriege 1499]''; [[Tübingen]] 1883. {{dein iconlang|de}} from historicum.net. Detailed chronological account of events.</ref> On 20 January 1499, Habsburg troops occupied the surrounding valley and plundered the convent, but were soon driven back by the forces of the [[Three Leagues]] at the [[Battle of Calven]]. Following the raid, an armistice was signed between the Habsburgs and the Three Leagues. However this armistice only lasted a few days before the conflicts broke out between the Three Leagues' [[Old Swiss Confederacy]] allies and the Habsburg troops. These raids quickly escalated into the Swabian War, which ended in September 1499 with the Treaty of [[Basel]] granting virtual independence to the Swiss Confederacy.<ref name="Riezler" />
 
About 1500 the abbey church was modified from a single-[[nave]] [[Carolingian dynasty|Carolingian]] construction into a three-nave [[Gothic architecture|late Gothic]] church. Shortly thereafter, in 1524 and 1526, through the Ilanzer Articles, the [[League of God's House]] was able to weaken the temporal power of the bishop, which had the indirect effect of reducing the income of the abbey. Consequently, there was limited construction on the abbey following this.