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'''Shemini Atzeret''' ({{Script/Hebrew|שְׁמִינִי עֲצֶרֶת}}—"Eighth [day of] Assembly"; [[Sephardic]] and [[Israel|Israeli]] pronounced ''shemini atzèret''; [[Ashkenazic]] pronounced ''shmini-atsères'') is a [[Jewish holidays|Jewish holiday]]. It is celebrated on the 22nd day of the [[Hebrew calendar|Hebrew month]] of [[Tishrei]] in the [[Land of Israel]],<ref name=topdate /> and on the 22nd and 23rd outside the Land, usually coinciding with late September or early October. It directly follows the Jewish festival of [[Sukkot]] which is celebrated for ''seven'' days, and thus Shemini Atzeret is literally the ''eighth'' day. It is a separate—yet connected—holy day devoted to the spiritual aspects of the festival of Sukkot. Part of its duality as a holy day is that it is simultaneously considered to be both connected to Sukkot and also a separate festival in its own right.{{sfn|Bank|Wiggins|2012|p=139}}
Outside the Land of Israel, this is further complicated by the [[Yom tov sheni shel galuyot|additional day]] added to all Biblical holidays except
The celebration of [[Simchat Torah]] is the most distinctive feature of the holiday, but it is a later rabbinical innovation. In the Land of Israel, the celebrations of Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah are combined on a single day, and the names are used interchangeably. In the [[Jewish diaspora|Diaspora]], the celebration of Simchat Torah is deferred to the [[Yom tov sheni shel galuyot|second day]] of the holiday. Commonly, only the first day is referred to as ''Shemini Atzeret'', while the second is called ''Simchat Torah''.<ref>''[[Shulchan Aruch]]'', ''Orach Chayim'' 669</ref>
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