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In the [[United States]], a '''state''' is a [[Federated state|constituent]] [[political entity]], of which there are 50. Bound together in a [[political union]], each state holds [[government]]al jurisdiction over a separate and defined geographic territory where it shares its [[sovereignty]] with the [[Federal government of the United States|federal government]]. Due to this shared sovereignty, Americans are [[Citizenship in the United States|citizens]] both of the [[federal republic]] and of the [[Domicile (law)#United States|state in which they reside]].<ref>{{cite web| last1=Erler| first1=Edward| title=Essays on Amendment XIV: Citizenship| url=http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/amendments/14/essays/167/citizenship| publisher=The Heritage Foundation| access-date=January 12, 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724095029/http://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/amendments/14/essays/167/citizenship| archive-date=July 24, 2017| url-status=live| df=mdy-all}}</ref> State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to [[Freedom of movement under United States law|move between states]], except for persons restricted by certain types of court orders (such as [[paroled]] convicts and children of divorced spouses who share [[child custody]]).
[[State governments of the United States|State governments in the U.S.]] are allocated power by the people (of each respective state) through their individual [[State constitution (United States)|state constitutions]]. All are grounded in [[Republicanism in the United States|republican principles]] (this being required by the federal constitution), and each provides for a government, consisting of three branches, each with [[Separation of powers|separate and independent powers]]: [[Governor (United States)|executive]], [[State legislature (United States)|legislative]], and [[State court (United States)|judicial]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.leg.state.mn.us/leg/faq/faqtoc.aspx?subject=1 | title=Frequently Asked Questions About the Minnesota Legislature | publisher=[[Minnesota State Legislature]] | access-date=January 12, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021082117/http://www.leg.state.mn.us/leg/faq/faqtoc.aspx?subject=1 | archive-date=October 21, 2013 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> States are divided into [[County (United States)|counties]] or county-equivalents, which may be assigned some local governmental authority but are not sovereign. County or county-equivalent structure varies widely by state, and states also create other [[Local government in the United States|local governments]].
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