U-boat: Difference between revisions

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[[Image:Base ssmarin stnazaire.jpg|thumb|right|250px|U-boat Pens in [[Saint-Nazaire]], France]]
 
In the early stages of the war, the U-boats were extremely effective in destroying [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] shipping, initially in the gapmid-Atlantic, betweenwhere neither Canadian andnor British based escorts provided cover. ThisThere iswas duean toextensive thetrade factin thatwar Canadasupplies manufacturedand manyfood tanksacross the Atlantic, truckswhich was critical for Britain's survival. This continuous action became known as the [[Battle of the Atlantic]], andas ammunitionsthe whichBritish alldeveloped hadtechnical todefences getsuch toas Britain.[[ASDIC]] Theand [[RADAR]], and the German U-Boats usuallyresponded by huntedhunting in what was called "wolf packs" where multiple submarines would stay close together making it easier for them to sink a specific target. Later, when the USA entered the war, the U-boats ranged from the Atlantic coast of the United States and Canada to the [[Gulf of Mexico]], and from the [[Arctic]] to the west and southern [[Africa]]n coasts and even as far east as [[Penang]]. It is even rumored that one German U-boat managed to make it all the way down to [[Galveston Bay]], [[Texas]]. The [[United States armed forces|U.S. military]] engaged in various tactics [[Simon Thomas Stocker|against German incursions]] in the [[Americas]], these included military surveillance of foreign nations in Latin America, [[Simon Thomas Stocker|particularly in the Caribbean]], in order to deter any local governments from supplying German U-boats.
 
Because speed and range were severely limited underwater while running on battery power, U-boats were required to spend most of their time surfaced running on [[diesel engine]]s, diving only when attacked or for rare daytime torpedo strikes. The most common U-boat attack during the early years of the war was conducted on the surface and at night, see [[Submarine warfare]]. This period, before the Allied forces developed truly effective antisubmarine warfare (ASW) tactics, was referred to by German submariners as "die glückliche Zeit" or "the happy time."<ref>[http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/wwii/atlantic/uboatwar.aspx Military History Online<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>