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{{Distinguish|Javanese language{{!}}Tegal language}}
{{Short description|Rashad language spoken in Sudan}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Tegali
Line 8 ⟶ 7:
|region=[[South Kordofan]]
|ethnicity=[[Tagale]]
|speakers=
|date=
|ref=e27
|familycolor=Niger–Congo
|fam1=[[
|fam2=[[Rashad languages|Rashad]]
|dia1=Gom
|dia2=Tegali
| dia3 = Tingal
|iso3=ras
|iso3comment=
| image = Tegali-tagoi languages.png
|glotto=tega1236
|glottoname=Tegali
}}'''Tegali''' (also spelled ''Tagale, Tegele, Tekele, Togole'') is a [[Kordofanian languages|Kordofanian]] language in the [[Rashad languages|Rashad]] family, which is thought by some to belong to the hypothetical [[Niger–Congo]] phylum (Greenberg 1963, Schadeberg 1981, Williamson & Blench 2000).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sil.org/resources/publications/entry/63566|title=Occasional Papers in the Study of Sudanese Languages No. 11|work=SIL International|access-date=2017-04-30|language=en}}</ref> It is spoken in [[South Kordofan]] state, [[Sudan]].
<!-- Instructions for the language info box are at [[Template talk:Language]]) -->==Classification==
The Rashad family of language consists of two
==Dialects/
Tegali has three varieties, Rashad (Gom, Kom, Kome, Ngakom), Tegali, and Tingal (Kajaja, Kajakja). ''[[Ethnologue]]''
==Geographic distribution==
There are
===Dialects/
Among the three dialects, Tegali has about
== Phonology ==
=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" |
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Postalveolar consonant|Post-alv.]]/<br>[[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
|{{IPA link|m}}
|{{IPA link|n}}
|{{IPA link|ɲ}}
|{{IPA link|ŋ}}
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Plosive]]
!<small>voiceless</small>
|{{IPA link|p}}
|{{IPA link|t}}
|{{IPA link|c}}
|{{IPA link|k}}
|
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
|{{IPA link|b}}
|{{IPA link|d}}
|{{IPA link|ɟ}}
|{{IPA link|ɡ}}
|
|-
![[Prenasalized consonant|<small>prenasal</small>]]
|{{IPA link|ᵐb}}
|{{IPA link|ⁿd}}
|
|{{IPA link|ᵑɡ}}
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Fricative]]
|{{IPA link|f}}
|{{IPA link|s}}
|{{IPA link|ʃ}}
|
|({{IPA link|h}})
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
|
|{{IPA link|l}}
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
|
|{{IPA link|r}}
|{{IPA link|ɽ}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant]]
|{{IPA link|w}}
|
|{{IPA link|j}}
|
|
|}
* /ɽ/ corresponds to [r] commonly heard in Tagoi
* A retroflex plosive /ɖ/ is heard in the Tagom dialect.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Aldawi |first=Maha Abdu |title=An initial sketch of the Tagom noun phrase |last2=Mohammed Nashid |first2=Sawsan Abdel-Aziz |publisher=Cologne: Köppe |year=2018 |location=In Gertrud Schneider-Blum and [[Birgit Hellwig]] and Gerrit Jan Dimmendaal (eds.), Nuba Mountain Language Studies: New Insights |pages=129-151}}</ref>
* /s/ and /h/ vary between dialects.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bryan |first=M. A. |title=Tegali-Tagoi |last2=Tucker |first2=A. N. |publisher=Routledge |year=2017 |location=Linguistic Analyses: The Non-Bantu Languages of North-Eastern Africa |pages=367}}</ref>
=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!
![[Front vowel|Front]]
![[Central vowel|Central]]
![[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
![[Close vowel|Close]]
|{{IPA link|i}}
|
|{{IPA link|u}}
|-
![[Near-close vowel|Near-close]]
|{{IPA link|ɪ}}
|
|{{IPA link|ʊ}}
|-
![[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
|{{IPA link|e}}
| rowspan="2" |{{IPA link|ə}}
|{{IPA link|o}}
|-
![[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
|{{IPA link|ɛ}}
|{{IPA link|ɔ}}
|-
![[Open vowel|Open]]
|
|{{IPA link|a}}
|
|}
* Sounds [ɨ, ʌ] are also heard in the Tagom dialect.<ref name=":1" />
==Examples==
===Numeral
Tegali has a counting system similar to that of
==References==
Line 50 ⟶ 154:
==External links==
* [http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/182/guide Tegali at the Endangered Languages Project]
* Hammarström, Harald & Forkel, Robert & Haspelmath, Martin. 2017. ''[http://glottolog.org Glottolog 3.0.]'' Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
* Tegali at the ''[https://mpi-lingweb.shh.mpg.de/numeral/Tegali.htm Numeral Systems of the World's Languages]''
{{Languages of Sudan}}
{{Kordofanian languages}}
[[Category:Rashad languages]]
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