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''Tahrif'' means change, alteration, forgery; used with regard to words, and more specifically with regard to what [[Jews]] and [[Christians]] are supposed to have done to their respective Scriptures in the sense of perverting the language through altering words from their proper meaning, changing words in form or substituting words or letters for others. Such substitution is also termed tabdil, a wider term, used also in other contexts, but in the [[Qur'an]] and later literature practically synonymous with tahrif.
The Qurán accepts the [[Tawrat]] ([[Thora]]) and the [[Injil]] as genuine divine revelations taken from the same Guarded Tablets as the Qu'ran itself and brought by true messengers to both Jews and Christians respectively. Those, however, did not adhere to their Law, but tampered with their own Scriptures. The Qu'ran does not state explicitly how this was done and when, but later commentaries give various explanations. Some relate it to the times of [[Moses]]. Later authors accuse Israelite Kings or Priests, especially [[Ezra]] the Scribe
The accusation of forgery was a widespread polemical motif, already in pre-Islamic times used by pagan, Samaritan and Christian authors to discredit their opponents and Scriptures. In the Medinan suras it is a central theme, apparently used to explain away the contradictions between the Bible and the Qu'ran and to establish that the coming of the Prophet and the rise of Islam had indeed been predicted in the "true" [[Bible]].
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