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'''Vancouver''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=EN-Vancouver.ogg|v|æ|n|ˈ|k|uː|v|ər}} {{respell|van|KOO|vər}}) is a major city in [[western Canada]], located in the [[Lower Mainland]] region of [[British Columbia]]. As the [[List of cities in British Columbia|most populous city]] in the province, the [[2021 Canadian census]] recorded 662,248 people in the city, up from 631,486 in 2016. The [[Metro Vancouver]] area had a population of 2.6{{Nbsp}}million in 2021, making it the [[List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada#List|third-largest metropolitan area in Canada]]. Greater Vancouver, along with the [[Fraser Valley]], comprises the Lower Mainland with a regional population of over 3{{nbsp}}million. Vancouver has the highest population density in Canada, with over {{convert|5,700 people per square kilometre|PD/km2}},<ref name=":0" /> and fourth highest in North America (after [[New York City]], [[San Francisco]], and [[Mexico City]]).
 
Vancouver is one of the most [[Ethnic origins of people in Canada|ethnically]] and [[Languages of Canada|linguistically]] diverse cities in Canada: 49.3 percent of its residents are not native English speakers, 47.8 percent are native speakers of neither English nor French, and 54.5 percent of residents belong to [[visible minority]] groups.<ref name="VancouverCityMinority2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |date=October 26, 2022 |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Vancouver, City (CY) British Columbia [Census subdivision] Visible minority |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915022&HEADERlist=30&SearchText=vancouver |access-date=October 26, 2022 |website=Statistics Canada |archive-date=October 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027012129/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915022&HEADERlist=30&SearchText=vancouver |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> It has been consistently ranked one of the [[most livable cities]] in Canada and in the world.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=March 20, 2018 |title=Vancouver ranked best city in North America for quality of living |website=[[Daily Hive]] |url=https://dailyhive.com/vancouver/vancouver-best-city-quality-of-living-2018 |url-status=live |access-date=February 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219015837/https://dailyhive.com/vancouver/vancouver-best-city-quality-of-living-2018 |archive-date=February 19, 2019}}</ref><ref name="BBC News">{{cite news |date=October 4, 2002 |title=Vancouver and Melbourne top city league |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2299119.stm |url-status=live |access-date=June 9, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712065852/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2299119.stm |archive-date=July 12, 2015}}</ref><ref name="CNBC">{{cite news |last=Taylor |first=Chloe |date=March 13, 2019 |title=These are the world's top cities to live in, according to researchers |work=[[CNBC]] |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/13/top-city-index-these-are-the-best-places-to-live-for-2019.html |url-status=live |access-date=December 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509181112/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/13/top-city-index-these-are-the-best-places-to-live-for-2019.html |archive-date=May 9, 2019}}</ref> In terms of [[Affordable housing|housing affordability]], Vancouver is also one of [[Affordable housing in Canada|the most expensive cities in Canada]] and [[Affordable housing by country|in the world]].<ref>{{cite news |date=June 26, 2019 |title=Vancouver yet again most expensive place to live in Canada |work=[[CTV News]] |url=https://bc.ctvnews.ca/vancouver-yet-again-most-expensive-place-to-live-in-canada-1.4484040 |url-status=live |access-date=August 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019171840/https://bc.ctvnews.ca/vancouver-yet-again-most-expensive-place-to-live-in-canada-1.4484040 |archive-date=October 19, 2021}}</ref> [[Vancouverism]] is the city's [[urban planning]] design philosophy.