Vito Genovese: Difference between revisions

{{Use mdy dates|date=JuneFebruary 20112024}}

| birth_place = Risigliano, [[Tufino]], [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]]

| death_place = [[Springfield, Missouri|Springfield]], [[Missouri]], U.S.

'''Vito Genovese''' ({{IPA-it|ˈviːto dʒenoˈveːze, -eːse|lang}}; November 21, 1897 – February 14, 1969) was an Italian-born American [[mobster]] who mainly operated in the United States. Genovese rose to power during [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]] as an enforcer inof the [[American Mafia]]. A long-timechildhood associatefriend and childhoodcriminal friendassociate of the notorious [[Lucky Luciano]], Genovese took part in the [[Castellammarese War]] and helped Luciano shape the new American Mafia's rise ofas thea Mafiamajor andforce in [[organized crime]] in the United States. He would later lead Luciano's crime family, which waswould in 1957 be renamed by the FBI as the [[Genovese crimeCrime familyFamily]] inafter its then hisboss honorVito.

Along with Luciano, Genovese helped the expansion of the [[heroin]] trade to an international level. In 1937, heHe fled to Italy in 1937, and for a brief period during [[World War II]], he supported [[Benito Mussolini]]'s regime in[[Fascist Italy (1922-1943)|Fascist regime]] for fear of being deported back to the United StatesU.S. to face murder charges. HeAfter returnedreturning to the United StatesU.S. in 1945., Genovese served as mentor to [[Vincent Gigante|Vincent "the Chin" Gigante]], the future boss of the Genovese crime family.<ref>DeVico, Peter J. "The Mafia Made Easy: The Anatomy and Culture of La Cosa Nostra". [https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&dq=michael+genovese+cousin+vito&pg=PA186 (p. 186)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430080629/https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&pg=PA186&dq=michael+genovese+cousin+vito&hl=en&ei=B4_1TPKLIsG88gaXr9mgBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=michael%20genovese%20cousin%20vito&f=false |date=April 30, 2016 }}.</ref>

In 1957, Genovese vied for the [[capo di tutti capi|boss of bosses]] title by ordering the murder of [[Albert Anastasia]] and the botched murder attempthit of [[Frank Costello]]. Immediately following this, he called a [[Apalachin meeting|mafia summit]] to consolidate his power, but the meeting was raided by the police. In 1959, hisGenovese's reign was cut short as he was convicted on narcotics conspiracy charges and sentenced to 15fifteen years in prison. While he and his underling [[Joe Valachi]] were in prison together, Valachi killed an inmate he thought to be a hitman sent by Genovese. Valachi then became a government witness. Genovese died in prison on February 14, 1969.

Vito Genovese was born on November 21, 1897, in Risigliano, a ''[[frazione]]'' in the ''[[comune]]'' of [[Tufino]], in the [[Province of Naples]], [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xrOoHAAACAAJ&q=1897|publisher=Avon Books|title=Vito Genovese: King of Crime|year=1963|author=Dom Frasca|access-date=September 20, 2020|archive-date=October 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017021805/https://books.google.com/books?id=xrOoHAAACAAJ&q=1897|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ps_04cWxKz4C&q=vito+genovese+November+21%2C+1897&pg=PA233|title=Mafia Summit: J. Edgar Hoover, the Kennedy Brothers, and the Meeting That Unmasked the Mob|author=Gil Reavill|year=2013|publisher=Macmillan |isbn=9781250021106|access-date=November 22, 2020|archive-date=October 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017021805/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ps_04cWxKz4C&q=vito+genovese+November+21%2C+1897&pg=PA233|url-status=live}}</ref> His father was Frances Felice Genovese and his mother Nunziata Aluotto.<!--nee?--> Vito had a sister, Giovanna Jennie (m. Richard Prisco), along with two brothers, Michael and Carmine, who also belongedlater tojoined Genovese's crime family. His cousin, [[Michael James Genovese|Michael]], became boss of the [[Pittsburgh crime family]].<ref name="genovese dies" /><ref name ="Mafia, Secret File">Bureau of Narcotics, Sam Giancana, The United States Treasury Department. ''Mafia: The Governments Secret File on Organized Crime''. [https://books.google.com/books?id=e7inUx6QwkgC&q=Carmine+Genovese&pg=PA399 p. 307)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704232436/http://books.google.com/books?id=e7inUx6QwkgC&pg=PA399&lpg=PA399&dq=Ettore+coco&source=bl&ots=ISVgFQI8ba&sig=P7WRDBfz848EjRLxZJJtX-FMWzY&hl=en&ei=pG4rTZqUC4WClAfpvtj2AQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAzgK#v=snippet&q=Carmine%20Genovese&f=false |date=July 4, 2014 }}.</ref>

As a child in Italy, Genovese completed school only to the American equivalent of the fifth grade.<ref name=Maas/> In 1913, when Genovese was aged 15, his family immigrated to the United States onboard the ''[[SS Taormina (1908)|SS ''Taormina]]'']]<ref name=Taormina>{{cite web |url= https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2499/images/31301_168396-00450?treeid=&personid=&hintid=&queryId=9fc31976f935147b036b3535e865ad01&usePUB=true&_phsrc=FGp170&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true&_ga=2.255213640.1340933630.1638812427-1576792713.1638812427&pId=4298705 |title=New York, U.S., Naturalization Records, 1882-1944 for Vito Genovese, Petition No. 256403 |website=[[Ancestry.com]] |access-date=6December Dec6, 2021}}</ref> and took up residence in [[New York City]]'s [[Little Italy, Manhattan|Little Italy]].<ref>Philip Carlo ''The Ice Man: Confessions of a Mafia Contract Killer'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=BsO4NIaGf5sC&dq=carmine+genovese&pg=PA69 (pp. 68–69)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811015821/https://books.google.com/books?id=BsO4NIaGf5sC&pg=PA69&dq=carmine+genovese&hl=en&ei=20BxTdzyIoLcgQfDoLRO&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=carmine%20genovese&f=false |date=August 11, 2020 }}.</ref>

In early 1930, the [[Castellammarese War]] broke out between Masseria and Maranzano. In a secret deal with Maranzano, Luciano agreed to engineer the death of his boss, Masseria, in return for receiving Masseria's [[racket (crime)|racket]]s and becoming Maranzano's second-in-command.<ref name="five families book"/> On April 15, 1931, Luciano had lured Masseria to a meeting where he was murdered at a restaurant called Nuova Villa Tammaro on [[Coney Island]].<ref name="slain">{{cite news|title = Racket Chief Slain By Gangster Gunfire. Giuseppe Masseria, Known as Joe the Boss, Shot Mysteriously in Coney Island Cafe. Police Say He Was Leader in Every Kind of Racket. He Escaped Death Many Times. Shooting Still a Mystery|url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1931/04/16/96193033.pdf|quote = It took ten years and a lot of shooting to kill Giuseppe Masseria—he was Joe the Boss to the underworld—but his enemies found him with his back turned yesterday in a little Italian restaurant in Coney Island, and when they walked out into|access-date = November 23, 2011|newspaper = New York Times|date = April 16, 1931|archive-date = May 26, 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200526163201/https://timesmachine/1931/04/16/96193033.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="five families book">Raab, Selwyn. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=5nAt6N8iQnYC Five Families: The Rise, Decline, and Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empires] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130910091333/http://books.google.com/books?id=5nAt6N8iQnYC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0 |date=September 10, 2013 }}''. New York: St. Martin Press, 2005. {{ISBN|0-312-30094-8}}</ref> While they played cards, Luciano allegedly excused himself to the bathroom, with the gunmen reportedly being Genovese, [[Albert Anastasia]], [[Joe Adonis]], and [[Bugsy Siegel|Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel]];<ref>{{cite news|last=Pollak|first=Michael|title=Coney Island's Big Hit|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/01/nyregion/answer-to-a-question-about-a-mobsters-death-in-coney-island.html?_r=0|access-date=31 October 31, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=June 29, 2012|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116023517/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/01/nyregion/answer-to-a-question-about-a-mobsters-death-in-coney-island.html?_r=0|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ciro Terranova|Ciro "The Artichoke King" Terranova]] drove the getaway car, but legend has it that he was too shaken up to drive away and had to be shoved out of the driver's seat by Siegel.<ref>Sifakis, (2005). pp. 87–88</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Martin A. Gosch|author2=Richard Hammer|author3=Lucky Luciano|title=The Last Testament of Lucky Luciano|year=1975|publisher=Little, Brown|isbn=978-0-316-32140-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lasttestamentofl00gosc/page/130 130–132]|url=https://archive.org/details/lasttestamentofl00gosc/page/130}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Davis|first=John H.|title=Mafia dynasty : the rise and fall of the Gambino crime family|year=1994|publisher=HarperPaperbacks|location=New York, N.Y.|isbn=0-06-109184-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tw-Pd-CmoW0C&q=%22Albert+Anastasia%22&pg=PA56|edition=1st Harper paperbacks|page=40|access-date=November 22, 2020|archive-date=October 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017021807/https://books.google.com/books?id=Tw-Pd-CmoW0C&q=%22Albert+Anastasia%22&pg=PA56|url-status=live}}</ref> Luciano took over Masseria's family, with Genovese as his underboss.

In September 1931, Luciano and Genovese planned the murder of Salvatore Maranzano. Luciano had received word that Maranzano was planning to kill him and Genovese, and prepared a hit team to kill Maranzano first. On September 10, 1931, when Maranzano summoned Luciano, Genovese, and [[Frank Costello]] to a meeting at his office, they knew Maranzano would kill them there. Instead, Luciano sent to Maranzano's office four Jewish gangsters whose faces were unknown to Maranzano's people. They had been secured with the aid of [[Meyer Lansky]] and Siegel.<ref name="Dec. 7, 1998">"Lucky Luciano: Criminal Mastermind," ''Time'', [http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989779,00.html Dec. 7, 1998] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227034055/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989779,00.html |date=December 27, 2013 }}</ref><ref name=Cohen>{{cite book|last=Cohen|first=Rich|title=Tough Jews|year=1999|publisher=Vintage Books|location=New York|isbn=0-375-70547-3|pages=65–66|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oj1P520aEcoC&q=Genovese+maranzano&pg=PA65|edition=1st Vintage Books|access-date=November 22, 2020|archive-date=October 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017021808/https://books.google.com/books?id=Oj1P520aEcoC&q=Genovese+maranzano&pg=PA65|url-status=live}}</ref> Luciano subsequently created [[The Commission (mafia)|The Commission]] to serve as the governing body for organized crime.<ref name=origins>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/20/nyregion/the-commission-s-origins.html|title=The Commission's Origins|date=1986|work=The New York Times|access-date=22 February 22, 2017|archive-date=April 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413102922/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/20/nyregion/the-commission-s-origins.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On March 16, 1932, Vernotico was found strangled to death on a Manhattan rooftop, and on March 28, 1932, Genovese married his widow, Anna, who was Genovese's cousin via her mother, Concetta y Cassini Genovese.<ref name=Maas>{{cite book|last=Maas|first=Peter|title=The Valachi papers|year=2003|publisher=Perennial|location=New York|isbn=0-06-050742-X|pages=130|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mn_uRpQsfrsC&q=%22Genovese+married%22&pg=PA129|edition=1st Perennial|access-date=November 22, 2020|archive-date=October 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017021807/https://books.google.com/books?id=mn_uRpQsfrsC&q=%22Genovese+married%22&pg=PA129|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nj.com/inside-jersey/2012/04/the_gangsters_garden.html|title=The Gangster's Garden|first=Valerie|last=Sudol|date=April 23, 2012|website=nj|access-date=October 23, 2019|archive-date=October 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023180035/https://www.nj.com/inside-jersey/2012/04/the_gangsters_garden.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1934, Genovese allegedly ordered the murder of mobster [[Ferdinand Boccia]]. Genovese and Boccia had conspired to cheat a wealthy gambler out of $150,000 in a high-stakes card game. After the game, Boccia demanded a share of $35,000 because he had introduced the victim to Genovese. Rather than pay Boccia anything, Genovese decided to have him murdered. On September 19, 1934, Genovese and five associates allegedly shot and killed Boccia in a coffee shop in Brooklyn.<ref name="fugitive miranda">{{cite news|title=Fugitive Miranda Gives Up|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1946/09/17/102267077.pdf|access-date=13 January 13, 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=September 17, 1946}}</ref><ref name="AMG aide">{{cite news|title=AMG Aide in Italy Held in Murder Here.|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1944/11/25/84010077.pdf|access-date=13 January 13, 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=November 25, 1944}}</ref>

On June 18, 1936, Luciano was sentenced to 30 to 50 years in prison as a result of his conviction on [[Procuring (prostitution)|pandering]].<ref name="l_trial">{{cite web | url = http://www.lucianotrial1936.com/codef.html | title = Luciano Trial Website | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090131202519/http://www.lucianotrial1936.com/codef.html | archive-date = January 31, 2009 | df = mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="luciano sentence">{{cite news|title=Lucania Sentenced to 30 to 50 Years; Court Warns Ring|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1936/06/19/93521980.pdf|access-date=June 17, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=June 19, 1936}}</ref> With Luciano's imprisonment, Genovese became acting boss of the Luciano crime family.<ref name="lucania sentenced">{{cite news|title=Lucania Sentenced to 30 to 50 Years; Court Warns Ring|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1936/06/19/93521980.pdf|access-date=13 January 13, 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=June 19, 1936}}</ref>

After bribing some [[fascist]] party members, Genovese became a friend of [[Galeazzo Ciano]], [[Benito Mussolini]]'s son-in-law; it is believed Genovese provided Ciano with [[cocaine]].<ref name="genovese dies" /> Genovese donated nearly $4 million to Mussolini's fascist party by the end of [[World War II]]. He was also awarded the [[Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus]] and made a [[Commander (order)|''commendatore'']], after he participated in helping create a new fascist party headquarters in Nola.<ref>{{cite book|title = Italian Americans: The History and Culture of a People|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=MHJ1DQAAQBAJ&q=vito+genovese+benito+mussolini+donated&pg=PA96|isbn = 9781610699952|last1 = Martone|first1 = Eric|date = December 12, 2016| publisher=Abc-Clio |access-date = November 22, 2020|archive-date = October 17, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211017021808/https://books.google.com/books?id=MHJ1DQAAQBAJ&q=vito+genovese+benito+mussolini+donated&pg=PA96|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Mafia Summit|publisher=Gil Reavil|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ps_04cWxKz4C&q=italy%27s+highest+civilian+award+vito+genovese&pg=PA51|isbn=9781250021106|date=January 22, 2013|access-date=November 22, 2020|archive-date=October 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017021839/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ps_04cWxKz4C&q=italy%27s+highest+civilian+award+vito+genovese&pg=PA51|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Mafia at Apalachin, 1957|date=2012|publisher=Michael Newton|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JSht36wh7BkC&q=italy%27s+highest+civilian+award+vito+genovese&pg=PA60|access-date=3 October 3, 2017|isbn=9780786489862|archive-date=September 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925140239/https://books.google.com/books?id=JSht36wh7BkC&q=italy's+highest+civilian+award+vito+genovese&pg=PA60|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1943, Genovese allegedly ordered the murder of [[Carlo Tresca]], the publisher of an anarchist newspaper in New York and an enemy of Mussolini. Genovese allegedly facilitated the murder as a favor to the Italian government. On January 11, 1943, a gunman shot and killed Tresca outside his newspaper office in Manhattan.<ref name="slays tresca">{{cite news|title=Assassin Slays Tresca, Radical, In Fifth Avenue|newspaper=New York Times|date=January 12, 1943}}</ref> The shooter was later alleged to be [[Carmine Galante]], a member of the [[Bonanno crime family]]. No one was ever charged in the Tresca murder.<ref name="obscure gangster">{{cite news|last=Franks|first=Lucinda|title=Obscure Gangster Emerging as Mafia Chief in New York|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1977/02/20/356484032.pdf|access-date=13 January 13, 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=February 20, 1977}}</ref>

In the summer of 1944 in New York, Genovese was implicated in the Boccia murder by mobster [[Ernest Rupolo|Ernest "The Hawk" Rupolo]], a former Genovese associate. Facing a murder conviction, Rupolo had decided to become a government witness.<ref name="prisoner story">{{cite news|title=Prisoner's Story Breaks 4 Murders by Brooklyn Ring|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1944/08/09/87461501.pdf|access-date=14 January 14, 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=August 9, 1944|archive-date=May 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526163200/https://timesmachine/1944/08/09/87461501.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false|url-status=live}}</ref>

On June 2, 1945, after arriving in New York by ship the day before, Genovese was arraigned on murder charges for the 1934 Boccia killing. He pleaded not guilty.<ref name="denies guilt">{{cite news|title=Genovese Denies Guit.|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1945/06/03/305170302.pdf|access-date=13 January 13, 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=June 3, 1945}}</ref> On June 10, 1946, another prosecution witness, Jerry Esposito, was found shot to death beside a road in [[Norwood, New Jersey]].<ref name="gang ride">{{cite news|title=Gang-Ride Victim Thrown in Brush|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1946/06/10/93128831.pdf|access-date=13 January 13, 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=June 9, 1946}}</ref> Earlier, another witness, [[Peter LaTempa]], was found dead in a cell where he had been held in protective custody.

Genovese was now a capo of his former [[Greenwich Village Crew]]. However, on October 4, 1951, Moretti was assassinated by order of the [[The Commission (mafia)|Mafia Commission]]; the mob bosses were unhappy with his testimony during the [[Kefauver Hearings]], and were worried, with the [[syphilis]] now affecting his brain, he might start talking to the press. Costello appointed Genovese as the new underboss.<ref name="moretti buried">{{cite news|last=Conklin|first=William R.|title=Moretti is Buried in Gangster Style|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1951/10/09/87326536.pdf|access-date=14 January 14, 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=October 9, 1951}}</ref>

In December 1952, [[Anna Genovese]] sued her husband for financial support, and later divorce in 1953, as well as testifying to Vito's involvement in criminal rackets, an unheard-of action by the wife of a mob figure.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=25988311&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjE0MDEyMTg2NywiaWF0IjoxNTcxODU1NjA2LCJleHAiOjE1NzE5NDIwMDZ9.jUXByDfX773ZMKWSrYEtOS6J2nE3C7udXgO3pkBSyK4|title=1953-Anna Genovese testifies against husband Vito|date=February 23, 1969|pages=131|via=newspapers.com|access-date=October 23, 2019|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023110654/https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=25988311&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjE0MDEyMTg2NywiaWF0IjoxNTcxODU1NjA2LCJleHAiOjE1NzE5NDIwMDZ9.jUXByDfX773ZMKWSrYEtOS6J2nE3C7udXgO3pkBSyK4|url-status=live}}</ref> Two years earlier, she had moved out of the family home in New Jersey.<ref name="wife suing">{{cite news|title=Wife Suing Genovese|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1952/12/10/84376796.pdf|access-date=15 January 15, 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=December 10, 1952}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/8339647/1954vito_genovese_faces_divorce_and/|title=1954-Vito Genovese faces divorce and deportation case|newspaper=Asbury Park Press|date=January 28, 1954|pages=17|via=newspapers.com|access-date=October 23, 2019|archive-date=October 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023180038/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/8339647/1954vito_genovese_faces_divorce_and/|url-status=live}}</ref> She asked the judge for $350 per week.<ref name="newspapers3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/8339647/1954vito_genovese_faces_divorce_and/|title=Higher court upholds ruling on Genovese|work=Asbury Park Press|location=Asbury Park, New Jersey|date=January 28, 1954|page=17|via=newspapers.com|access-date=October 23, 2019|archive-date=October 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023180038/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/8339647/1954vito_genovese_faces_divorce_and/|url-status=live}}</ref> Vito filed a counter-suit for divorce on the grounds of desertion.<ref name="newspapers3"/> According to Anna Genovese, Vito Genovese ruled the [[Italian lottery]] in New York and New Jersey, bringing in over $1 million per year, owned four [[Greenwich Village]] night clubs, a dog track in Virginia, and other legitimate businesses.<ref name="Cook">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zyQiAAAAMAAJ&q=lottery|author=Fred J. Cook|author-link=Fred J. Cook|title=The secret rulers: criminal syndicates and how they control the U.S. underworld|publisher=Duell, Sloan & Pearce|year=1966|access-date=September 20, 2020|archive-date=October 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008222946/https://books.google.com/books?id=zyQiAAAAMAAJ&q=lottery|url-status=live}}</ref> Both claims were ultimately dismissed in the New Jersey Superior Court appellate division, in 1954.<ref name="newspapers3"/> In 1953, Genovese allegedly ordered the murder of mobster Steven Franse.<ref name="Sifakis pp. 172">Sifakis [https://books.google.com/books?id=jgCpxTpPCPcC&dq=Steven+Franse+mobster&pg=PA172 pp. 172] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017021810/https://books.google.com/books?id=jgCpxTpPCPcC&pg=PA172&lpg=PA172&dq=Steven+Franse+mobster&source=bl&ots=RDKTl7Z3dn&sig=Yb2bBVkR1fDJficjC2nmYBPQS5Q&hl=en&sa=X&ei=oKShT-29Hu3H6AGPxdjrCA&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Steven%20Franse%20mobster&f=false |date=October 17, 2021 }}</ref> Genovese had tasked Franse with supervising Anna while he hid in Italy.<ref name="Sifakis pp. 172"/> Outraged over Anna's potential love affairs and her lawsuit against him, Genovese ordered [[Joseph Valachi]] to set up Franse's murder.<ref name="Valachi pp.8">[https://web.archive.org/web/20030906071209/http://www.crimelibrary.com/gangsters_outlaws/mob_bosses/valachi/times_8.html The Dying of the Light: The Joseph Valachi Story] by Thomas L. Jones (TruTv Crime Library)</ref> On June 18, 1953, Valachi lured Franse to his restaurant in the Bronx, where Franse was strangled to death by Pasquale Pagano and Fiore Siano (Valachi's nephew).<ref name="Valachi pp.8"/>

During the mid-1950s, Genovese decided to move against Costello. However, Genovese needed to also remove Costello's strong ally on the Commission, [[Albert Anastasia]], the boss of the [[Gambino crime family|Anastasia crime family]]. Genovese was soon conspiring with [[Carlo Gambino]], Anastasia's underboss, to remove Anastasia.<ref>Davis, pp. 78-79</ref><ref name=Fights>{{cite news|last=McHugh|first=Ray|title=Federal Attack, Internal Fights Trouble Crime Clan|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=cjozAAAAIBAJ&pg=6806,4852987&dq=magaddino+blame+apalachin+meeting&hl=en|access-date=1 June 1, 2012|newspaper=Lodi News-Sentinel|date=August 26, 1963|archive-date=December 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226112845/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=cjozAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ozIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=6806,4852987&dq=magaddino+blame+apalachin+meeting&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref>

In early 1957, Genovese decided the time to move on Costello had come. Genovese ordered [[Vincent Gigante]] to murder Costello, and on May 2, 1957, Gigante shot and wounded Costello outside his apartment building.<ref name="costello shot">{{cite news|title=Costello is Shot Entering Home; Gunman Escapes Wound|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1957/05/03/317458602.pdf|access-date=31 December 31, 2011|newspaper=New York Times|date=May 3, 1957}}</ref> Although the wound was superficial, it persuaded Costello to relinquish power to Genovese and retire. A doorman identified Gigante as the gunman, however, in 1958, Costello testified that he was unable to recognize his assailant; Gigante was acquitted on charges of attempted murder.<ref name=nyt191205>[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/20/obituaries/vincent-gigante-mob-boss-who-feigned-incompetence-to-avoid-jail.html Vincent Gigante, Mob Boss Who Feigned Incompetence to Avoid Jail, Dies at 77] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220204449/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/20/obituaries/vincent-gigante-mob-boss-who-feigned-incompetence-to-avoid-jail.html |date=December 20, 2019 }}, by [[Selwyn Raab]], The New York Times, December 19, 2005</ref> Genovese now became boss of what is known as the [[Genovese crime family]] and promoted his longtime lieutenant, [[Anthony Strollo]], to underboss.

[[File:Vito_Genovese_1958.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=1958 mug shot of Vito Genovese.|Genovese at the time of his arrest August 2, 1958, in New York City]]

In November 1957, immediately after the Anastasia murder, after taking control of the [[Luciano crime family]] from Costello, Genovese wanted to legitimize his new power by holding a national Cosa Nostra meeting. Genovese selected [[Buffalo, New York]] boss and Commission member [[Stefano Magaddino|Stefano "The Undertaker" Magaddino]] to organize the meeting; he in turn chose northeastern Pennsylvania crime boss [[Joseph Barbara (mobster)|Joseph Barbara]] and his underboss [[Russell Bufalino]] to oversee all the arrangements for it.<ref name=Niagara>{{cite news|last=Glynn|first=Don|title=Glynn:Area delegates attended mob convention|url=http://niagara-gazette.com/opinion/x681291359/GLYNN-Area-delegates-attended-mob-convention|access-date=28 May 28, 2012|newspaper=Niagara Gazette|date=November 11, 2007|archive-date=February 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209164941/https://www.niagara-gazette.com/opinion/glynn-area-delegates-attended-mob-convention/article_0cdfd9bf-1777-5804-bde5-8434812bd35c.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cuba was one of the topics of discussion, particularly the gambling and narcotics smuggling interests of La Cosa Nostra on the island. The international narcotics trade was also an important topic on the agenda.<ref>{{cite news| title =Narcotic Traffic Called Topic In Apalachin Talks| newspaper =Toledo Blade| pages =1| publisher =Associated Press| date =February 28, 1960| url =https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wggwAAAAIBAJ&pg=6688,4469677&dq=apalachin+meeting&hl=en| access-date =27 May 27, 2012| archive-date =December 26, 2016| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20161226112839/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wggwAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_gAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6688,4469677&dq=apalachin+meeting&hl=en| url-status =live}}</ref> The New York garment industry interests and rackets, such as loansharking to the business owners and control of garment center trucking, were other important topics on the agenda.<ref>{{cite news| title =Narcotics Agent Calls Racketeers Black-Handers| newspaper =Toledo Blade| pages =2| date =July 1, 1958| url =https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DToxAAAAIBAJ&pg=7143,3653278&dq=apalachin+meeting&hl=en| access-date =27 May 27, 2012| archive-date =August 11, 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20210811073105/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DToxAAAAIBAJ&pg=7143,3653278&dq=apalachin+meeting&hl=en| url-status =live}}</ref>

On November 14, 1957, powerful mafiosi from the United States and Italy convened at Barbara's estate in [[Apalachin, New York]].<ref>{{Cite news| pages = 1| last1 = Fitchette| first1 = Woodie| first2 = Steve| last2 = Hambalek| title = Top U.S. Hoods Are Run Out of Area After 'Sick Call' on Barbara| work = Binghamton Press| location = Binghamton, NY| date = 1957-11-November 15, 1957| url = http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper4/Binghamton%20NY%20Press%20Grayscale/Binghamton%20NY%20Press%20Grayscale%201957.pdf/Binghamton%20NY%20Press%20Grayscale%201957%20a%20-%204247.pdf| access-date = December 14, 2019| archive-date = September 4, 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190904134055/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper4/Binghamton%20NY%20Press%20Grayscale/Binghamton%20NY%20Press%20Grayscale%201957.pdf/Binghamton%20NY%20Press%20Grayscale%201957%20a%20-%204247.pdf| url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| pages = 8| last1 = Fitchette| first1 = Woodie| first2 = Steve| last2 = Hambalek| title = Hoods Run Out of Area--| work = Binghamton Press| location = Binghamton, NY| date = 1957-11-November 15, 1957| url = http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper4/Binghamton%20NY%20Press%20Grayscale/Binghamton%20NY%20Press%20Grayscale%201957.pdf/Binghamton%20NY%20Press%20Grayscale%201957%20a%20-%204258.pdf| access-date = December 14, 2019| archive-date = October 17, 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211017021812/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper4/Binghamton%20NY%20Press%20Grayscale/Binghamton%20NY%20Press%20Grayscale%201957.pdf/Binghamton%20NY%20Press%20Grayscale%201957%20a%20-%204258.pdf| url-status = live}}</ref> The [[Agenda (meeting)|meeting agenda]] included the resolution of open questions on [[illegal gambling]] and [[narcotics]] dealing, particularly in the New York City area. State trooper Edgar D. Croswell had become aware that Barbara's son was reserving rooms in local hotels along with the delivery of a large quantity of meat from a local butcher to the Barbara home.<ref name=Ralph>{{cite news|last=Blumenthal|first=Ralph|title=For Sale, a House WithAcreage.Connections Extra;Site of 1957 Gangland Raid Is Part of Auction on Saturday|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/31/nyregion/for-sale-house-with-acreage-connections-extra-site-1957-gangland-raid-part.html?src=pm|access-date=2 June 2, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=July 31, 2002|archive-date=December 1, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201081613/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/31/nyregion/for-sale-house-with-acreage-connections-extra-site-1957-gangland-raid-part.html?src=pm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Croswell>{{cite news|last=Narvaez|first=Alfonso A.|title=Edgar D. Croswell, 77, Sergeant Who Upset '57 Mob Meeting, Dies|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/21/obituaries/edgar-d-croswell-77-sergeant-who-upset-57-mob-meeting-dies.html|access-date=28 May 28, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 21, 1990|archive-date=March 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315024332/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/21/obituaries/edgar-d-croswell-77-sergeant-who-upset-57-mob-meeting-dies.html|url-status=live}}</ref> That made Croswell suspicious, and he therefore decided to keep an eye on Barbara's house.<ref name=Host>{{cite news| title =Host To Hoodlum Meet Dies Of Heart Attack| newspaper =Ocala Star-Banner| pages =7| agency =Associated Press| date =June 18, 1959| url =https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OcswAAAAIBAJ&pg=4958,4554355&dq=apalachin+meeting| access-date =27 May 27, 2012| archive-date =August 11, 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20210811073059/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OcswAAAAIBAJ&pg=4958,4554355&dq=apalachin+meeting| url-status =live}}</ref> When the state police found many luxury cars parked at Barbara's home they began taking down license plate numbers. Having found that many of these cars were registered to known criminals, state police reinforcements came to the scene and began to set up a roadblock.<ref name=Croswell/> When the mobsters discovered the police presence, they started fleeing the gathering by car and by foot. Many Mafiosi escaped through the woods surrounding the Barbara estate.<ref name="mafia-news1">[http://www.mafia-news.com/apalachin-raid-on-mafia-reverberates-50-years-later/ "Apalachin Raid on Mafia Reverberates 50 Years Later"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100212065600/http://www.mafia-news.com/apalachin-raid-on-mafia-reverberates-50-years-later/ |date=2010-02-February 12, 2010 }} Mafia News</ref> The police stopped a car driven by Bufalino, whose passengers included Genovese and three other men, at a roadblock as they left the estate; Bufalino said that he had come to visit his sick friend, Barbara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/285/408/161203/|title=United States of America, Appellee, v. Russell A. Bufalino, Ignatius Cannone, Paul C. Castellano, Joseph F. Civello, Frank A. DeSimone, Natale Evola, Louis A. Larasso, Carmine Lombardozzi, Joseph Magliocco, Frank T. Majuri, Michele Miranda, John C. Montana, John Ormento, James Osticco, Joseph Profaci, Anthony P. Riela, John T. Scalish, Angelo J. Sciandra, Simone Scozzari and Pasquale Turrigiano, Defendants-appellants, 285 F.2d 408 (2d Cir. 1960)|website=Justia Law|access-date=December 14, 2019|archive-date=July 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715053459/https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/285/408/161203/|url-status=live}}</ref> Genovese said he was just there for a barbecue and to discuss business with Barbara. The police let him go.<ref name="apalachin visit">{{cite news|last=Perlmutter|first=Emanuel|title=Genovese Depicts Apalchin Visit|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1959/06/17/80584854.pdf|access-date=14 January 14, 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=June 17, 1959}}</ref>

On June 2, 1958, Genovese testified under subpoena in the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] [[McClellan Hearings]] on organized crime. Genovese refused to answer any questions, citing the [[Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution#Self-incrimination|Fifth Amendment rights]] under the [[U.S. Constitution]] 150 separate times.<ref name="150 times">{{cite news|last=Loftus|first=Joseph A.|title=Genovese Invokes the Fifth 150 Times in Mafia Study|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1958/07/03/83416225.pdf|access-date=15 January 15, 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=July 3, 1958}}</ref>

Luciano allegedly helped pay part of $100,000 to a [[Puerto Rico|Puerto Rican]] drug dealer to falsely implicate Genovese in a drug deal.<ref>Sifakis, p. 186</ref> On July 7, 1958, Genovese was indicted on charges of conspiring to import and sell narcotics.<ref name="narcotics plot">{{cite news|title=U.S. July Indicts Genovese, Gigante, in Narcotics Plot|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1958/07/08/83417186.pdf |access-date=13 January 13, 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=July 8, 1958}}</ref> The government's star witness was Nelson Cantellops, a Puerto Rican drug dealer who claimed Genovese met with him.<ref name="five families book"/> On April 4, 1959, Genovese was convicted in New York of [[conspiracy (crime)|conspiracy]] to violate federal narcotics laws.<ref name="genovese guilty">{{cite news|title=Genovese Guilty in Narcotics Plot|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1959/04/04/91418997.pdf|access-date=June 25, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=April 4, 1959}}</ref> On April 17, 1959, Genovese was sentenced to 15 years in the [[Atlanta Federal Penitentiary]] in [[Atlanta]], where he tried to run his crime family from prison.<ref name="15 years">{{cite news|last=Feinberg|first=Alexander|title=Genovese is Given 15 Years in Prison in Narcotics Case|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1959/04/18/80770381.pdf|access-date=15 January 15, 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=April 18, 1959}}</ref><ref name="jersey mafia">{{cite news|last=Grutzner|first=Charles|title=Jersey Mafia Guided From Prison by Genovese|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/12/25/76924531.pdf|access-date=June 25, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=December 25, 1968}}</ref> In his book, ''Five Families,'' longtime ''[[New York Times]]'' organized-crime reporter [[Selwyn Raab]] wrote that a number of detectives, lawyers and organized crime experts have questioned the legitimacy of Genovese's conviction. For instance, longtime NYPD detective Ralph Salerno argued that "anyone who understands the protocol and insulation procedures" of the Mafia would find it "almost unbelievable" that a crime boss would be directly involved in a drug operation.<ref name="five families book"/>

In September 1959, Genovese allegedly ordered the murder of mobster [[Anthony Carfano]]. Angered at the murder attempt on Costello, Carfano had skipped the Apalachin meeting in protest. In response, Genovese decided to murder him.<ref name="pisano witnesses">{{cite news|last=Grutzner|first=Charles|title=Pisano Witnesses Changing Stories|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1963/08/24/105226222.pdf|access-date=24 January 24, 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=August 24, 1963}}</ref> On September 25, 1959, Carfano and a female companion were found shot to death in his Cadillac automobile on a residential street in [[Jackson Heights, Queens]].<ref name="little augie">{{cite news|title=Little Augie Pisano is Slain With Woman in Auto Here|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1959/09/26/81502466.pdf|access-date=24 January 24, 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=September 26, 1959}}</ref>

In 1962, an alleged murder threat from Genovese propelled mobster [[Joseph Valachi]] into the public spotlight. In June, Genovese supposedly accused Valachi, also imprisoned in Atlanta, of being an informer and gave Valachi the [[Kiss of death (mafia)|kiss of death]].<ref name=Kelly>{{cite news|last=Kelly|first=G. Milton|title=Valachi To Tell Of Gang War For Power|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=U0tfAAAAIBAJ&pg=5954,3500619&dq=the+commission+vito+genovese&hl=en|access-date=28 May 28, 2012|newspaper=Warsaw Times-Union|date=October 1, 1963|archive-date=September 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924181836/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=U0tfAAAAIBAJ&pg=5954,3500619&dq=the+commission+vito+genovese&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Rudolf, Robert|year=1993|title=Mafia Wiseguys: The Mob That Took on the Feds|location=New York|publisher=SPI Books|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=WUlujIu-T2oC&pg=PA41 41]|isbn=978-1-56171-195-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Dietche, Scott M.|year=2009|title=The Everything Mafia Book: True-life accounts of legendary figures, infamous crime families, and nefarious deeds|location=Avon, Massachusetts|publisher=Adams Media|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=iNwIGHFhCQ8C&pg=PT201 188&ndash;189]|isbn=978-1-59869-779-7}}</ref> In July, Valachi supposedly mistook another inmate for a mob hitman and killed him. A $100,000 [[Bounty (reward)|bounty]] for Valachi's death had been placed by Genovese.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://buffalonews.com/2011/10/09/the-rat-who-started-it-all-for-40-years-joe-valachi-has-been-in-a-lewiston-cemetery-a-quiet-end-for-the-mobster-who-blew-the-lid-off-cosa-nostra-when-he-testified-before-congress-in-1963/|title=The rat who started it all; For 40 years, Joe Valachi has been in a Lewiston cemetery, a quiet end for the mobster who blew the lid off 'Cosa Nostra' when he testified before Congress in 1963|publisher=buffalonews.com|date=October 9, 2011|access-date=October 2, 2019|archive-date=October 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002211335/https://buffalonews.com/2011/10/09/the-rat-who-started-it-all-for-40-years-joe-valachi-has-been-in-a-lewiston-cemetery-a-quiet-end-for-the-mobster-who-blew-the-lid-off-cosa-nostra-when-he-testified-before-congress-in-1963/|url-status=live}}</ref> After receiving a life sentence for that murder, Valachi decided to become a government witness.<ref name="held nation">{{cite news|last=Litchtenstein|first=Grace|title=Held Nation in Thrall|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1971/04/04/93612438.pdf|access-date=14 January 14, 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=April 4, 1971}}</ref>

On August 24, 1964, [[Ernest Rupolo]]'s body was recovered from [[Jamaica Bay]], [[Queens]]. His killers had attached two concrete blocks to his legs and tied his hands. It was widely assumed that Genovese had ordered Rupolo's murder for testifying against him in the 1944 Boccia murder trial.<ref name="body informer">{{cite news|title=Body of Informer, Tied to Concrete, Pulled from Bay|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1964/08/25/106982170.pdf|access-date=14 January 14, 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=August 25, 1964}}</ref>

Genovese died of a [[heart attack]] at the [[United States Medical Center for Federal Prisoners]] in [[Springfield, Missouri]], on {{nowrap|February 14, 1969.<ref name=mfkpdwst>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pjVWAAAAIBAJ&pg=6534%2C2735688 |work=Eugene Register-Guard |location=(Oregon) |agency=Associated Press |title=Mafia kingpin dies while serving time |date=February 14, 1969 |page=4A |access-date=September 20, 2020 |archive-date=October 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017021847/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pjVWAAAAIBAJ&pg=6534%2C2735688 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="genovese dies">{{cite news|last=Grutzner|first=Charles|title=Ruled 'Family' of 450. Genovese Dies in Prison at 71. 'Boss of Bosses' of Mafia Here|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1969/02/15/archives/ruled-family-of-450-genovese-dies-in-prison-at-71-boss-of-bosses-of.html?sq=%2522Vito%2520Genovese%2522&scp=6&st=cse|access-date=30 November 30, 2011|newspaper=[[New York Times]]|quote=Vito Genovese's throne, from which he ruled as "Boss of All Bosses" of the Mafia in the New York area, rested on the coffins of several predecessors -- in whose murders he is believed to have conspired. ...|date=February 16, 1959|archive-date=June 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626193750/https://www.nytimes.com/1969/02/15/archives/ruled-family-of-450-genovese-dies-in-prison-at-71-boss-of-bosses-of.html?sq=%2522Vito%2520Genovese%2522&scp=6&st=cse|url-status=live}}</ref>}} He is buried in [[St. John Cemetery (Queens)|Saint John Cemetery]] in [[Middle Village, Queens]].

* Genovese is portrayed in the 1972 film ''[[The Valachi Papers (film)|The Valachi Papers]]'' by [[Lino Ventura]].<ref name="valachi papers">{{cite web|title=The Valachi Papers|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0068341/|work=Internet Movie Database|date=January 6, 1972|access-date=16 January 16, 2012|archive-date=November 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104004432/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0068341/|url-status=live}}</ref>

* Genovese is portrayed in the 1974 film ''[[crazy Joe (film)|Crazy Joe]]'' by [[Eli Wallach]].<ref name="crazy joe">{{cite web|title=Crazy Joe|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071369/|work=Internet Movie Database|date=February 8, 1974|access-date=16 January 16, 2012|archive-date=July 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723054505/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071369/|url-status=live}}</ref>

* Genovese is portrayed in the 2001 television movie ''[[Boss of Bosses]]'' by [[Steven Bauer]].<ref name="boss bosses">{{cite web|title=Boss of Bosses|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0205782/|work=Internet Movie Database|date=July 19, 2005|access-date=16 January 16, 2012|archive-date=April 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412204054/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0205782/|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Genovese crime family}}{{Murder, Incorporated}}{{American Mafia}}