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== Zambia ==
The White fathers were once the largest missionary society in [[Zambia]]. In 1891, the White Fathers established their first station among the [[Mambwe people|Mambwe]], an ethnic group from northeastern Zambia, in the Tanganyika-Malawi corridor. This establishment makes them the earliest to settle in the country, even before the effective inception of British rule after the [[Berlin Conference|Berlin Conference in 1885]] which gave the Zambia territory to the British power.<ref name="Hinfelaar 2003 439–445">{{Cite journal|last=Hinfelaar|first=Marja|date=2003|title=The White Fathers' Archive in Zambia|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0361541300003314/type/journal_article|journal=History in Africa|language=en|volume=30|pages=439–445|doi=10.1017/S0361541300003314|s2cid=161953296|issn=0361-5413}}</ref>  
 
In 1895 [[Joseph Dupont (bishop)|Joseph Dupont]] took over the Mambwe mission. He directed his effort toward the dominant ethnic group in Northern Zambia, [[Bemba people|the Bemba]].  
 
Joseph Dupont then contacted the Bemba royalty. This action was in line with [[Charles Lavigerie|Lavigerie]]’s instructions. The founding Cardinal believed in the ‘Clovis Model’: this model was a strategy of conversion in order to Christianise the indigenous people from Zambia. The strategy consisted of the idea that you needed to persuade the King to convert first and then the population will follow and convert to Christianism as well.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hinfelaar|first=Marja|date=2003|title=Remembering Bishop Joseph Dupont (1850-1930) in Present-Day Zambia|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1581748|journal=Journal of Religion in Africa|volume=33|issue=4|pages=365–376|doi=10.1163/157006603322665314|jstor=1581748|issn=0022-4200}}</ref>
 
The White Fathers claimed to be successful in converting at least some of the Bemba to [[Christianity]]. However, Britain, which wanted to exercise indirect colonial power in this area, refused to allow the French White Fathers to set up missions before 1900.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Carey|first=Margret|date=2003|title=Missionaries in Zambia|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40793706|journal=Journal of Museum Ethnography|issue=15|pages=1–7|jstor=40793706|issn=0954-7169}}</ref> But, by the 1930s, the White Fathers oversaw twenty missions located in the eastern provinces of Zambia.<ref name="Hinfelaar 2003 439–445"/>
 
Following the request of Zambia authorities for the bones of Joseph Dupont, the bishop's bones were reburied at Chilubula mission on the 15th of December 2000. This event was, rather unusual, in that it happened 88 years after the members of the ‘White Fathers’ had left Zambia. It shows the influence the White Fathers had at the time and still have in Zambia to this day.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hinfelaar|first=Marja|date=2003|title=Remembering Bishop Joseph Dupont (1850-1930) in Present-Day Zambia|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1581748|journal=Journal of Religion in Africa|volume=33|issue=4|pages=365–376|doi=10.1163/157006603322665314|jstor=1581748|issn=0022-4200}}</ref>  
 
Even today, [[Lusaka]], is home to the ‘White Fathers’ headquarters, where the archivale collection remains, and was updated in 2001 by Father Hugo Hinfelaar.<ref name="Hinfelaar 2003 439–445"/>