White Fathers: Difference between revisions

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The '''White Fathers''' ({{lang-fr|Pères Blancs}}), officially known as the '''Missionaries of Africa''' ({{lang-la|Missionarii Africae}}) and abbreviated '''MAfr'''),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Missionaries of Africa (M. Afr.)|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/orders/030.htm|access-date=2021-12-12|website=GCatholic}}</ref> are a [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[society of apostolic life]] of Pontifical Right (for Men) founded in 1868 by then [[Archbishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Algiers|Algiers]] [[Charles Lavigerie|Charles-Martial Allemand-Lavigerie]].<ref>{{cite web|work=Gcatholic|title= Missionaries of Africa (M.AFR) White Fathers |year=2021|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/orders/030.htm|accessdate=15 November 2021}}</ref>
 
The society focuses on [[evangelism]] and [[education]], mostly in [[Africa]]. In 2021, there were 14281,428 members of the Missionaries of Africa of 36 nationalities, working in 42 countries, in 217 communities.<ref name="blanc" />
 
==History==
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* 1,712 in 2007.
 
At present, in 2021, the Society is repartedconstituted as follows:  
 
-1,144 Missionaries of Africa – fully professed [[priest]]s, [[deacon]]s and brothers:
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=== Formation ===
BecomingPresently, athe Whiteprocess Fatherto inbecome thea presentWhite Father is much longer than before. To complete the process of preparation, the candidates must first spend one year in a preparatory centre. Then comes the study of [[Philosophy]] for 3 or 4 years. The next step is the Spiritual Year which takes place in one of 3 centres in Africa. Two are English-speaking, one is French-speaking. The final period of study of 4 years takes place in [[Africa]] or [[Jerusalem]].<ref name="Preparation"/>
 
==Aims==
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| 1894-11 November 1922 || Archbishop Léon Livinhac
|-
| 1922-1936 || Fr. [[Paul Ulrich Villard|Paul Voillard]]
|-
| 22 April 1936 – 30 April 1947 || Bishop [[Joseph-Marie Birraux]]
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Photographic archives related to the ‘White Fathers missionary work from throughout the 20th century can be found in various archives such as in the [[Smithsonian Institution|Smithsonian]], which provide images of the missions and the Africans living near them in [[Rwanda]] and [[Burundi]]. Similar photographs exist in the [[University of Birmingham]] archives and detail a variety of missionary work in several African countries.<ref name="calmview.bham.ac.uk"/>
 
==Publications==
*''Proche-Orient Chrétien'', a journal published in Jerusalem
 
==See also==