William Stukeley: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Rollright Stones (part), Oxfordshire - geograph.org.uk - 605684.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Rollright Stones]] in [[Oxfordshire]], which Stukeley visited, describing it as "the greatest Antiquity we have yet seen... a very noble, rustic, sight" which could "strike an odd terror upon the spectators".{{sfn|Piggott|1985|p=38}}]]
 
In August 1709, Stukeley moved to London to further pursue medicine under doctor [[Richard Mead]] at [[St Thomas' Hospital]].{{sfnm|1a1=Piggott|1y=1985|1p=32|2a1=Haycock|2y=2002|2pp=43–44}} In March 1710, he left the city to practicepractise medicine in the countryside, establishing a practice in [[Boston, Lincolnshire|Boston]], Lincolnshire.{{sfnm|1a1=Piggott|1y=1985|1p=34|2a1=Haycock|2y=2002|2p=44}} He took with him a [[Black British people|black]] servant, which would have been a status symbol at the time.{{sfn|Haycock|2002|p=44}} Little is known of the time that he spent in the town,{{sfnm|1a1=Piggott|1y=1985|1p=39|2a1=Haycock|2y=2002|2p=44}} although in 1713 he was accorded [[Freedom of the City|Freedom of the Town]].{{sfn|Piggott|1985|p=34}} His brother, Adlard, moved in with him and in Boston was [[Apprenticeships in the United Kingdom|apprenticed]] to a local apothecary.{{sfn|Haycock|2002|p=45}} Stukeley also formed a local botanic society that went on weekly plant-collecting trips in the local area.{{sfn|Haycock|2002|p=45}} In 1715 he produced a print of Boston's [[St Botolph's Church, Boston|St Botolph's Church]], which he dedicated to the Marquis of Lindsey.{{sfn|Piggott|1985|p=34}} Many of his travels around Lincolnshire were written up in what appears to be his first book, ''Iter Domesticum'', although the year of its publication is not known.{{sfn|Piggott|1985|p=39}}
 
From 1710 until 1725, Stukeley embarked on a horseback expedition through the countryside at least once a year, taking notes on the things that he observed.{{sfnm|1a1=Piggott|1y=1985|1p=32|2a1=Haycock|2y=2002|2p=46}} In 1710, for example, he first visited the prehistoric ceremonial complex, the [[Rollright Stones]].{{sfn|Haycock|2002|p=129}} At the time, his interests were not purely antiquarian, for he also took notes on [[landscape gardens]] and other more recent constructions that he encountered.{{sfn|Piggott|1985|p=37}} In 1712, Stukeley embarked on an extensive tour of western Britain, taking in [[Wales]] before returning to [[England]] to visit [[Grantham]], [[Derby]], [[Buxton]], [[Chatsworth, DerbyshireHouse|Chatsworth]] and [[Manchester]].{{sfn|Piggott|1985|pp=38–39}} He later published an account of these travels in Western Britain as ''Iter Cimbricum''.{{sfn|Piggott|1985|p=39}} Stukeley's later biographer [[Stuart Piggott]] related that this book was "not yet the characteristic product of a field archaeologist" but rather "differs little from that which could be written by any intelligent gentleman of the period".{{sfn|Piggott|1985|p=39}}
 
Stukeley befriended the antiquary [[Maurice Johnson (antiquary)|Maurice Johnson]] and joined Johnson's [[learned society]], the [[Spalding Gentlemen's Society]], which is still based in [[Spalding, Lincolnshire|Spalding]], Lincolnshire.{{sfnm|1a1=Piggott|1y=1985|1p=34|2a1=Haycock|2y=2002|2p=45}} A 1714 letter indicates that Johnson recommended several books on British history to Stukeley, apparently at the latter's request; the suggested titles included [[Julius Caesar]]'s ''[[De Bello Gallico]]'', [[John Milton]]'s ''[[The History of Britain (Milton)|The History of Britain]]'', [[Robert Brady (writer)|Robert Brady]]'s ''An Introduction to the Old English History'', [[Peter Heylin]]'s ''Help to English History'', and [[Richard Rowlands]]' ''A Restitution of Decayed Intelligence in Antiquities concerning the most noble and renowned English Nation''.{{sfnm|1a1=Piggott|1y=1985|1p=35|2a1=Haycock|2y=2002|2p=110}} Another letter to Johnson, this time from May 1714, reveals that Stukeley was assembling a series of chronological tables of all British kings since [[Brutus of Troy]]; following the medieval historian [[Geoffrey of Monmouth]], Stukeley believed that the legendary Brutus was a real historical figure.{{sfn|Piggott|1985|p=40}} In September 1716, he wrote an account of [[Richborough Castle]], a Roman [[Saxon Shore]] fort in Kent.{{sfn|Piggott|1985|p=34}} That same year, he described having made a model of the Neolithic/Bronze Age stone circle of [[Stonehenge]].{{sfn|Piggott|1985|p=40}}