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{{Short description|Arabic letter}}
{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}
{{Phoenician glyph|previousletter=Ḫāʾ|previouslink=Ḫāʾ|nextletter=Ḍād|nextlink=Ḍād|letname=Ḏāl|archar=ذ|ipa=ð, d|num=25|gem=700}}
[[File:The_main_Pronunciations_of_written_ذ_in_Arabic_dialects.png|thumb|The main Pronunciations of written <ذ> in Arabic dialects.|500x500px]]'''''{{Transl|ar|DIN|Ḏāl}}''''' ({{lang|ar|ذ}}, also be transcribed as ''{{transl|ar|ALA|dhāl}}'') is one of the six letters the [[Arabic alphabet]] added to the twenty-two inherited from the [[Phoenician alphabet]] (the others being {{Transl|ar|DIN|[[ṯāʾ]]}}, {{Transl|ar|DIN|[[ḫāʾ]]}}, {{Transl|ar|DIN|[[ḍād]]}}, {{Transl|ar|DIN|[[ẓāʾ]]}}, {{Transl|ar|DIN|[[ġayn]]}}). In [[Modern Standard Arabic]] it represents {{IPAslink|ð}}. In name and shape, it is a variant of {{Transl|ar|DIN|[[dāl]]}} ({{Lang|ar|د}}). Its numerical value is 700 (see [[abjad numerals]]).{{Arabic-script sidebar|Persian}}The Arabic letter ذ is named ذال ''{{Transl|ar|DIN|ḏāl}}''. It is written is several ways depending in its position in the word:{{Arabic alphabet shapes|ذ}}▼
{{Infobox grapheme
The [[South Arabian alphabet]] retained a symbol for {{Transl|sem|ḏ}}, [[Image:himjar dhal.PNG|14px]].▼
|name=Ḏāl
|letter=ذ
|script=[[Arabic script]]
|type=[[Abjad]]
|language=[[Arabic language]]
|phonemes={{IPAlink|ð}}, {{IPAlink|d}}
|alphanumber=9
|direction=Right-to-left}}
[[File:Pronunciación de ذ.png|thumb|The main pronunciations of written {{angbr|{{lang|ar|ذ}}}} in Arabic dialects.|500x500px]]
▲
When representing this sound in transliteration of Arabic into Hebrew, it is written as {{lang|he|ד׳}}.▼
▲The [[South Arabian alphabet]] retained a symbol for {{
▲When representing this sound in transliteration of Arabic into Hebrew, it is written as {{
This sound is found in English, as in the words "'''th'''ose" or "'''th'''en". In English the sound is normally rendered "[[Pronunciation respelling for English|dh]]" when transliterated from foreign languages, but when it occurs in English words it is one of the pronunciations occurring for the letters "[[Th (digraph)|th]]".▼
▲This sound is found in English, as in the words "'''th'''ose" or "'''th'''en". In English the sound is
== Pronunciations ==
Between and within contemporary [[varieties of Arabic]], pronunciation of cognates with the letter ''{{
* The [[Gulf Arabic|Gulf]], [[Iraqi Arabic|Iraqi]], [[Tunisian Arabic|Tunisian]] dialects use the [[Classical Arabic|Classical]] and [[Modern Standard Arabic|Modern Standard]] sound of {{IPAblink|ð}}.
* In [[Maghrebi Arabic]], it is consistently pronounced as the [[voiced dental plosive]] {{IPAblink|d̪}}.
* In [[Hejazi Arabic]], it merges with {{IPAslink|d}} or {{IPAslink|z}} depending on the word. Furthermore it keeps its classical value {{IPAslink|ð}} in some Classical Arabic words.
* In the [[Mashriq]] (in the broad sense, including [[Egyptian Arabic phonology|Egyptian]], [[Sudanese Arabic|Sudanese]] and [[Levantine Arabic|Levantine]] dialects), it becomes a [[sibilant]] [[voiced alveolar fricative]] {{IPAblink|z}}. Furthermore, in words fully assimilated into a Mashriq dialect, the sound has merged with {{IPAslink|d}} (
Regardless of these regional differences, the pattern of the speaker's variety of Arabic frequently intrudes into otherwise Modern Standard speech; this is widely accepted, and is the norm when speaking the [[mesolect]] known alternately as ''lugha wusṭā'' ("middling/compromise language") or ''ʿAmmiyyat/Dārijat al-Muṯaqqafīn'' ("Educated/Cultured Colloquial") used in the informal speech of educated Arabs of different countries. (cf. [[Arabic dialect#Formal
▲* In the [[Mashriq]] (in the broad sense, including [[Egyptian Arabic phonology|Egyptian]], [[Sudanese Arabic|Sudanese]] and [[Levantine Arabic|Levantine]] dialects), it becomes a [[sibilant]] [[voiced alveolar fricative]] {{IPAblink|z}}. Furthermore, in words fully assimilated into a Mashriq dialect, the sound has merged with {{IPAslink|d}} (<big>{{lang|ar|[[د]]}}</big>).
▲Regardless of these regional differences, the pattern of the speaker's variety of Arabic frequently intrudes into otherwise Modern Standard speech; this is widely accepted, and is the norm when speaking the [[mesolect]] known alternately as ''lugha wusṭā'' ("middling/compromise language") or ''ʿAmmiyyat/Dārijat al-Muṯaqqafīn'' ("Educated/Cultured Colloquial") used in the informal speech of educated Arabs of different countries. (cf. [[Arabic dialect#Formal vs. vernacular speech]])
== See also ==
*[[Arabic phonology]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Arabic language}}
{{Northwest Semitic abjad}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dal}}
[[Category:Arabic letters]]
[[Category:Urdu letters]]
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