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*[[Lane Smith]], actor{{Citation needed|date= December 2012}}
*[[Lane Smith]], actor{{Citation needed|date= December 2012}}
*[[Malcolm Smith (American football)]], professional football<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.usctrojans.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/smith_malcolm00.html|title= Malcolm Smith |publisher=The Official Site of USC Trojan Athletics|accessdate= November 26, 2012}}</ref>
*[[Malcolm Smith (American football)]], professional football<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.usctrojans.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/smith_malcolm00.html|title= Malcolm Smith |publisher=The Official Site of USC Trojan Athletics|accessdate= November 26, 2012}}</ref>
*[[Duffy Waldorf]] – professional golfer<ref>{{citeweb|urlhttp://www.pgatour.com/golfers/002246/duffy-waldorf/title =Duffy Waldorf
*[[Duffy Waldorf]] – professional golfer<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.pgatour.com/golfers/002246/duffy-waldorf/title =Duffy Waldorf
| publisher= PGA Tour|accessdate= December 10, 2012}}</ref>
| publisher= PGA Tour|accessdate= December 10, 2012}}</ref>
*[[Jeff Weaver]], retired [[right-handed]] [[Major League Baseball]] [[pitcher]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=weaveje01|title = Jeff Weaver Stats| publisher= Baseball Almanac|accessdate= December 3, 2012}}</ref>
*[[Jeff Weaver]], retired [[right-handed]] [[Major League Baseball]] [[pitcher]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=weaveje01|title = Jeff Weaver Stats| publisher= Baseball Almanac|accessdate= December 3, 2012}}</ref>

Revision as of 20:34, 10 December 2012

Northridge
Neighborhood of Los Angeles
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
CountyLos Angeles
CityLos Angeles
Elevation
797 ft (242 m)
Population
 (2000)[1]
 • Total68,469
Time zoneUTC-8 (PST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-7 (PDT)
ZIP code
91324, 91325
Area code818

Northridge is a neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California. It was formerly named North Los Angeles.

Location and geography

Northridge is 17 square miles (44 km2) in area and is approximately 807 feet (246 m) above sea level. Located in the northwest part of the San Fernando Valley, adjacent neighborhoods with Northridge include Granada Hills, Chatsworth, North Hills, Reseda, Porter Ranch, and Winnetka. Major streets in the area include Roscoe Boulevard, Devonshire Street, Nordhoff Street, Corbin Avenue, Tampa Avenue, and Reseda Boulevard. The community is partially bounded by the Santa Susana Mountains. The Ronald Reagan Freeway (State Route 118) runs along the northern edge of Northridge, and provides access to the rest of the Los Angeles area freeway system. The area code is 818 and zip codes are 91324 through 91330 and part of 91343.

History

Indigenous peoples

The area now called Northridge was first inhabited about 2,000 years ago by the Native American Gabrielino (or Tongva) people. Totonga was their tribal village and where Northridge eventually became located.[2] The Gabrielino-Tongva people, who lived in dome-shaped houses, are sometimes referred to as the "people of the earth."[3] They spoke a Takic Uto-Aztecan (Shoshonean) language.[4]

European exploration and settlement

It wasn't until 1769 when the area known as Northridge was descriptively first reported by Father Juan Crespi, the prolific diarist who accompanied the exploration party of Spanish explorer Gaspar de Portolà on its arduous trek through California, including the Sepulveda Pass leading to the San Fernando Valley. Having traversed more than their share of dry and arid land, the discovery of water, wherever it was, merited rejoicing. And so it was with Zelzah, an unexpected oasis and one of the meeting places of the Gabrielino, native to the area.[5] The explorers bathed and rested at the watering hole, fed by underground streams which still run deep beneath the intersection of Parthenia Street and Reseda Boulevard.[6]

By 1797, the Mission San Fernando Rey de España became established nearby and served as a catalyst to change the native population, which inhabited the area around Northridge for centuries. The Gabrielino ended their nomadic freedom when they were pressed into service by the mission or fled to escape slave-labor conditions.

American conquest

When American and naval military forces decided to occupy California in the late-1840s, representatives of the Mexican Governor Pio Pico broke with the tradition of "granting" land and, instead, sold it, without the usual area limitations to Eulogio de Celis, a native of Spain. By 1850, de Celis was listed in the Los Angeles Census as an agriculturist, 42 years old, and the owner of a real estate worth $20,000.[7] He returned to Spain in 1853, and he was to never return. He had, however, appointed Edward Fischer as his attorney to handle his affairs in America. After his death in Spain in 1869, de Celis's widow and children returned to California, and his eldest son, Eulogio, was appointed administrator of his estate. Although de Celis's claim had been filed in October 1852, two years after California had been admitted into the Union as a state, it was not until January 8, 1873 that a formal U.S. survey showed the Rancho Ex-Mission de San Fernando area as 116,858 acres (472.91 km2), the largest area of any single grant in California.

Land division

A few years later, the land was split up. The heirs of Eulogio de Celis sold the northernly half - 56,000 acres (230 km2) - to Senator George K. Porter, who had called it the "Valley of the Cumberland" and Senator Charles Maclay, who exclaimed: "This is the Garden of Eden." Porter was interested in ranching; Maclay in subdivision and colonization. Francis Marion ("Bud") Wright, an Iowa farm boy who migrated to California as a young man, became a ranch hand for Senator Porter and later co-developer of the 1,100-acre (4.5 km2) Hawk Ranch, which is now Northridge land.[8] Wright continued to farm the land with Colonel Henry Hubbard from 1887 until 1910, when it was sold for subdivision to the Valley Farms Company. Before the first small farm homes had been sold, Bud Wright's wife, Emily Vose Wright, a deeply religious woman, had christened the development Zelzah, a Biblical name for "oasis," or "watering place in the desert." Zelzah became a Southern Pacific depot town at the Henry Hubbard & "Bud" Wright Hawk Ranch north of Los Angeles. The "Zelzah" name would stick until 1929.

Water

Shortly after the Los Angeles Aqueduct opened in 1913, Henry Hubbard became a member of Aqueduct Board. The following year, Zelzah Grammar School opened and citizens formally voted for annexation to the City of Los Angeles and Owens River water rights in 1915. William Mulholland, engineer of the mammoth project, lived nearby and maintained one of many large rancho tracts remaining from the Spanish, Mexican, and Californio land grant days.

Zelzah Acres became the name of one of those early housing tracts carved from the former enormous Rancho Ex-Mission San Fernando lands joining nearby towns of Chatsworth Park, Lankershim, Owensmouth, San Fernando and Van Nuys. Through the 1920s, Zelzah grew up, linked to Los Angeles by annexation, water, city government taxes, and transportation. A group of citizens joined forces and on July 1, 1929, christened this post office and train depot North Los Angeles, a name they considered more suitable and more memorable.

Change of name

At the suggestion of Carl Dentzel, a local resident and director of the Southwest Museum in Los Angeles, North Los Angeles became "Northridge Village" and was promptly shortened to Northridge. The sign on the depot was changed again, and the new name became permanently affixed, amid cheers from the crowd, on Oct. 1, 1938.[8]

Devonshire Downs

In the mid-1940s, Devonshire Downs opened at Devonshire and Zelzah boulevards in Northridge. It featured horse racing, carnivals and other activities. In 1948, the state bought the 40-acre (160,000 m2) facility and used it for the San Fernando Valley Fair for the next three decades. In the late 1960s, it was the site of two major rock music festivals: the little-known two-day 1967 Fantasy Faire and Magic Music Festival (see Entertainment section) and the better-known but confusingly named 1969 Newport Pop Festival, a massive three-day event that featured Jimi Hendrix and many other top acts. Ronald Reagan would later visit Devonshire Downs for a political rally when he was running for his first term as President.

Growth and metamorphosis

In 1951, a local reporter reported that Northridge's population had reached 5,500 residents, an increase of 1,000 people from 1950. In addition, it was around this time that Reseda Boulevard had been paved at its full width and become the main business street of boulevard proportions. The need also arose for Northridge to accommodate the new population, so in 1954 the first middle school opened in the rapidly growing town. Northridge Junior High School, later known as Northridge Middle School, opened with 1,000 students who had been brought all the way from Fulton Middle School in Van Nuys.[9]

The 1960s saw a period of rapid growth in Northridge, with new housing develops and freeways bringing in new families from around the country. The Valley's first freeway, the Ventura, opened to traffic in April 1960, giving motorists what was then thought to be uninterrupted passage through the Valley from the Hollywood Freeway at Cahuenga Pass to and beyond Calabasas.

By the 1970s, Northridge steadily metamorphosed into a thriving modern community it is today. Fed by industrial parks, a new shopping center, paved roads, and an educated population, Northridge attracted new employers. By 1975, the population had zoomed to 86,686, nearly 2,000 more than official 1974 projections. The Northridge Fashion Center, built at a cost of $60 million and located at Tampa and Nordhoff, opened in 1971 with Bullock's, Sears, The Broadway, and JC Penney's as anchor tenants.

Entertainment

During the 1930s and 1940s, when the film industry spent thousands of dollars building stars and making movies on location, Northridge became a residential magnet for celebrities and horse lovers. Its spacious fertile lands were investments for these stars, who were relatively isolated from the hassle that was Hollywood for these fan-plagued people, some of whom genuinely wanted to live private lives away from Tinseltown.

Clark Gable and Carole Lombard once owned a ranch where Devonshire and Etiwanda are today. In its place is the Devonshire Police Station, the LAPD Division that handles the Northridge area. Comedy writer Jack Douglas was the owner of what is now Northridge Park.

Silent star Janet Gaynor and her costume-designer husband Adrian were the first owners of a spacious estate in Northridge, which was later sold to Barbara Stanwyck and Robert Taylor. Later, actor Jack Oakie owned the property and lived on it. The Oakie house was set for the wrecking ball, but in 2010 the city agreed to buy the Tudor-style stone landmark and its 10-acre (40,000 m2) ranch estate.[10]

Mrs. Zeppo Marx and Barbara Stanwyck started Marwyck Ranch as a horse breeding farm. In 1942, it was purchased by R.H. Ryan, who converted it into Northridge Farms, a nationally recognized horse breeding farm. For years, Northridge was known as the "Horse Capital of the West," with regular Sunday horse shows, annual stampedes, and country fairs.[10]

Over the years, Northridge has been a popular place for the film and television business to shoot location productions due to its close proximity to the major studios. The movies Legally Blonde 2 (2003) and Superbad (2007) filmed scenes on the California State University, Northridge campus. Elliot's neighborhood in E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) was set in a neighborhood above Northridge known as Porter Ranch. The movie's chase scenes were filmed in the Porter Ranch area as well. Several of the actors and extras from Bad News Bears (1976) were from Northridge, but the field where they played is in Mason Park on Mason Avenue in Chatsworth.

One of the music industry's biggest festivals in the Valley was held in Northridge. The Fantasy Faire & Magic Festival was held at Devonshire Downs (sometimes known as Devonshire Meadows) in 1967, featuring music acts such as The Doors, Jefferson Airplane, Country Joe & the Fish, The Grassroots, Canned Heat, and Iron Butterfly.[11]

Since 2010, Northridge has been mentioned on various episodes of Victorious, as well as the iCarly crossover episode iParty with Victorious. The show describes teenage girls from Northridge as overtly flirtatious party animals.

Demographics

As of the 2000 census, and according to the Los Angeles Almanac there were 68,469 people residing in 24,172 households in Northridge. The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 78.14% White, 4.89% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, 2.45% African American, 0.47% Native American, 11.48% from other races, and 5.41% from two or more races. 24.77% of the population were Hispanic of any race.

Median household income in 2000 was $60,108.

In 2009, the Los Angeles Times's "Mapping L.A." project supplied these Northridge neighborhood statistics: population: 57,561; median household income: $67,906.[12]

Economy

Agriculture, mostly citrus, corn, wheat, apricots, tomatoes and beans, was the main industry in Northridge until the early 1940s. The area also had a thriving livestock trade in cattle and chicken ranches. Northridge Hospital is located where there was once bean and tomato fields. The Northridge Fashion Center sits on what was once orange groves, and much of what is now the university was farmland.

Orange groves starting making way for housing developments in the 1950s, and farmhouses soon were replaced by rows of houses. A portion of the CSUN campus continues to have one of the last remaining orange groves, which was planted in the roaring 1920s. Some residential yards also have the original trees still growing oranges.

By the 1980s, CSUN was the largest employer in Northridge with more than 3,000 employees. Other major employers were the Northridge Fashion Center and the Northridge Hospital. During the 1990s, several major home lenders, such as Countrywide and Washington Mutual, began opening service facilities in Northridge. But the housing downturn resulted in those jobs being eliminated.

In 2000, insulin pump maker MiniMed announced plans to open a facility in Northridge as part of a collaboration with CSUN to build a biotechnology center. MiniMed located on a 65-acre (260,000 m2) parcel of land once known as Devonshire Downs. The property, now referred to as North Campus, is owned by CSUN. MiniMed's initial plans called for locating 4,5000 workers at the Northridge site.[13] In 2001, Minnesota-based Medtronic Inc. completed the $3.7 billion acquisition of MiniMed.

By 2011, MiniMed's new owner decided to downsize the Northridge facility and relocate 300 customer service positions to Texas. Medtronic also announced the layoff of more than 400 workers at the Northridge offices. Today, about 1,800 employees continue to work at the MiniMed complex, located at Devonshire Street and Zelzah Avenue. The division is now known as Medtronic Diabetes, and the Northridge operations focus on research and development, as well as manufacturing.[14]

Earthquakes

The 1994 Northridge earthquake was named for Northridge based on early estimates of the location of the quake's epicenter; however, further refinements showed it to be technically in neighboring Reseda.[citation needed] The earthquake, which occurred on a blind thrust fault, was one of the strongest ground motions ever recorded in North America. Freeways collapsed, and many buildings suffered irreparable damages. Vertical and horizontal accelerations lifted structures off their foundations.[15] During the 1994 quake, the Northridge Hospital Medical Center remained open and treated more than 1,000 patients who came to the facility during the first few days after the 6.7-magnitude quake.[16]

Northridge was heavily damaged in the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. The Northridge Fashion Center suffered serious damage.[citation needed]

Points of interest

Faith Bible Church, built in 1917

The U.S. Metric Association is based in Northridge.

Government and infrastructure

Local government

Northridge Hospital Medical Center

Los Angeles Fire Department Station 70[19] (Northridge) and Station 103[20] (Northridge/CSUN) serve the community.

City of Los Angeles Neighborhood Councils that cover Northridge:

  • Northridge East Neighborhood Council[21]
  • Northridge West Neighborhood Council[22]
  • Northridge South Neighborhood Council[23]

The Los Angeles Police Department operates two police stations that serve Northridge:[24]

  • Devonshire Community Police Station serves residents north of Roscoe Boulevard.[25]
  • West Valley Community Police Station serves residents south of Roscoe Boulevard.[26]

County, state, and federal representation

The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Pacoima Health Center in Pacoima, serving Northridge.[27]

The United States Postal Service Northridge Post Office is located at 9534 Reseda Boulevard.[28]

The U.S. Census Bureau operates the Los Angeles Regional Census Center in Chatsworth, adjacent to Northridge.[29][30]

Education

Primary and secondary schools

Public schools

Children attend public schools in the Los Angeles Unified School District.

Public middle schools include Alfred B. Nobel Middle School, Oliver Wendell Holmes International Middle School, Northridge Middle School, and William Mulholland Middle School.

Public high schools serving Northridge include Northridge Academy High School in Northridge, Monroe High School in North Hills, Birmingham High School in Van Nuys, Reseda High School and Grover Cleveland High School in Reseda, John F. Kennedy High School in Granada Hills, various LAUSD magnet schools, and Granada Hills Charter High School.

In 1962, Nobel Junior High School in Northridge became the first air-conditioned school in the Los Angeles school district.[31]

The area is also served by several private and parochial schools, including Chatsworth Hills Academy, L.A. Baptist, Our Lady of Lourdes, St Genevieve, and Chaminade.

In 1982 the board considered closing Prairie Street Elementary School in Northridge.[32] It was located on the California State University, Northridge campus, and that university used Prairie as a laboratory school.[33] In April 1983 an advisory committee of the LAUSD recommended closing eight LAUSD schools, including Prairie Street School.[32] In August 1983 the board publicly considered closing Prairie, which had 280 students at the time.[34] In 1984 the board voted to close the Prairie Street School.[33] In 1985 some parents were trying to have Prairie Street School re-opened.[35]

Colleges and universities

California State University, Northridge (CSUN).

Community colleges that serve the area include Los Angeles Valley College, Pierce College, and Los Angeles Mission College. They are part of the nine campus Los Angeles Community College District.

California State University, Northridge, part of the CSU system, offers bachelors and masters degrees in a number of disciplines. The school is a major producer of K12 teachers in the region and the nation as a whole. CSUN also boasts a leading engineering, business, and film program.

Like Northridge itself, which emerged from a trio of community names to its present day entity, CSUN had its beginnings as a college on Nordhoff Street and Etiwanda Avenue and official opened in 1956 as "San Fernando Valley Campus of Los Angeles State College of Applied Arts and Sciences." It was a tough name to cope with, so two years later in 1958 it separated from its parent and became "San Fernando Valley State College." By the early 1970s, however, this institution became known as "California State University, Northridge." By fall of 2006, CSUN had reached enrollment surpassing 34,500 students.

A 2004 study revealed that CSUN is a major contributor to the local economy: between $663 million and $686 million annually. Additionally, CSUN employs 5,800 people directly through the university and adds another 5,700 to 6,000 jobs into the local economy.[36]

Other educational facilities

West Valley Occupational Center provides learning opportunities and employment training to adults and in-and out-of-school youth.

Parks, recreation and sports

In 1994, the Northridge Little League Baseball team won the United States Little League Championship game, but lost the World Series game to the international team from Zulia-Maracaibo, Venezuela.[citation needed]

The Recreation Center is located in Northridge. It has an indoor gymnasium, without weights, which may also be used as an auditorium. Its capacity is 400. Doc Green is the commissioner of the youth sports leagues at Northridge Recreation Center. The park also has barbecue pits, a lighted baseball diamond, lighted indoor basketball courts, lighted outdoor basketball courts, a children's play area, a community room, picnic tables, a lighted soccer field, and lighted tennis courts.[37] The Northridge Pool, on the recreation center grounds, is an outdoor heated seasonal pool.[37][38] Northridge Park is also home to the Northridge Knights football, Mascot, and Cheer youth teams. These teams are members of the non-profit Northridge Athletic Club, which has provided children ages 6 – 14 and parents the opportunity to participate in local organized sports for over 40 years. In addition, the park also offers young children and teens summer camp programs which include outdoor athletic, art, and swimming activities. Campers take part in weekly field trips to places like Six Flags Magic Mountain, Disneyland, Los Angeles Zoo, Zuma Beach, and Universal Studios.

Dearborn Park is located in Northridge. The unstaffed, unlocked park has lighted outdoor basketball courts, a children's play area, picnic tables, and lighted tennis courts.[39] Vanalden Park, an unstaffed pocket park, has a horseshoe pit, a jogging path, and picnic tables.[40]

Hospital

The idea for a medical center in Northridge actually dates back to the late 1940s, when Dr. Frederick Gruneck conceived of the hospital. Long before groundbreaking, the Northridge Hospital Development Association had carefully plotted out precisely what was to be included in the $30 million program for construction of Northridge Hospital and Medical Center. This master plan, initiated in 1955, started out as a 49-bed facility with a one-room emergency room.

Today, Northridge Hospital Medical Center consists of a 411-bed hospital and serves 2 million residents of the Valley. The hospital is one of only two facilities in the Valley certified as a trauma center for treating life-threatening injuries. [16] Northridge Hospital, a non-profit medical facility, is operated by Catholic Healthcare West.

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ^ "Los Angeles Almanac: City of Los Angeles Population by Community & Race 2000 Census". Retrieved April 4, 2010.
  2. ^ http://www.tongvapeople.com/villages.html
  3. ^ http://cd12.lacity.org/Neighborhoods/Northridge/LACITYDV_008959
  4. ^ http://www.sinay.com/rockart/rock/rock-9.htm
  5. ^ Johnson, John (September 5, 1991). "Naming a Town Just Isn't What It Used to Be". Los Angeles Times.
  6. ^ http://northridgevision.org/
  7. ^ http://www.laokay.com/halac/AndresPicoAdobe.htm
  8. ^ a b http://www.northridge100.org/about/history/
  9. ^ http://www.northridgems.org/about/history.jsp
  10. ^ a b http://www.dailynews.com/ci_14304048
  11. ^ http://www.idafan.com/PriorNews-Reviews.htm
  12. ^ "Northridge" entry on the Los Angeles Times "Mapping L.A." website
  13. ^ Lucas, Michael P. (May 9, 2000). "CSUN and MiniMed Seek Synergy on Campus". Los Angeles Times.
  14. ^ http://www.dailynews.com/ci_18281215
  15. ^ [1] Southern California Earthquake Center
  16. ^ a b http://www.northridgehospital.org/Who_We_Are/History/index.htm
  17. ^ Donald E. Bianchi Planetarium at California State University, Northridge
  18. ^ Northridge United Methodist Church
  19. ^ Station 70
  20. ^ Station 103
  21. ^ Northridge East Neighborhood Council
  22. ^ Northridge West Neighborhood Council
  23. ^ Northridge South Neighborhood Council
  24. ^ West Hills Police Stations lapdonline.org
  25. ^ Devonshire Community Police Station lapdonline.org
  26. ^ West Valley Community Police Station lapdonline.org
  27. ^ "Pacoima Health Center". Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. Retrieved on March 17, 2010.
  28. ^ "Post Office Location – NORTHRIDGE". United States Postal Service. Retrieved on December 6, 2008.
  29. ^ "The Los Angeles Region". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on January 17, 2010.
  30. ^ "Boundary Map". Chatsworth Neighborhood Council. Retrieved on January 17, 2010.
  31. ^ http://photos.lapl.org/carlweb/jsp/FullRecord?databaseID=968&record=30&controlNumber=48077
  32. ^ a b Faris, Gerald. "Closing of 8 Schools Recommended, One Near Airport." Los Angeles Times. April 17, 1983. South Bay SB2. Retrieved on January 16, 2012.
  33. ^ a b Savage, David G. "L.A. Board to Close 5 More Schools." Los Angeles Times. February 7, 1984. Part II C2. Retrieved on January 16, 2012.
  34. ^ Pool. Bob. "Board to Consider Closing 4 More Valley Schools." August 7, 1983. Valley V2. Retrieved on January 16, 2012.
  35. ^ Jalon, Allan and Elaine Woo. "Hope Emerges for Reopening of School in Northridge." Los Angeles Times. July 26, 1985. Retrieved on January 17, 2012.
  36. ^ http://www.csun.edu/images/impact.pdf
  37. ^ a b "Northridge Recreation Center." City of Los Angeles. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.
  38. ^ "Northridge Pool." City of Los Angeles. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.
  39. ^ "Dearborn Park." City of Los Angeles. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.
  40. ^ "Vanalden Park." City of Los Angeles. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.
  41. ^ "Bob Brunner, 'Happy Days' writer, dies". Variety Magazine. 2012-11-08. Retrieved 2012-11-27.
  42. ^ Barnes, Mike (2012-11-07). "'Happy Days' Writer-Producer Bob Brunner Dies at 78". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2012-11-27.
  43. ^ "Matt Cassel". databaseFootball.com. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  44. ^ "Jarron Thomas Collins". Basketball-Reference.Com. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  45. ^ "Jason Collins". Basketball-Reference.Com. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  46. ^ "Michael Christopher Houghton". Pro-Football.com. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  47. ^ "Ryan Kalish Stats". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  48. ^ "Casey Matthews 50". FoxSports.com. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  49. ^ Age of Secrets: The Conspiracy that Toppled Richard Nixon and the Hidden Death of Howard Hughes written by Gerald Bellett, 1995, Voyageur North America, ISBN 0-921842-42-2
  50. ^ "Bob Skube Stats". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  51. ^ "Malcolm Smith". The Official Site of USC Trojan Athletics. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
  52. ^ . PGA Tour =Duffy Waldorf http://www.pgatour.com/golfers/002246/duffy-waldorf/title =Duffy Waldorf. Retrieved December 10, 2012. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  53. ^ "Jeff Weaver Stats". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  54. ^ "Jered Weaver Stats". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  55. ^ "Danny Worth Stats". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  56. ^ "Brian Vranesh". PGA Tour. Retrieved December 3, 2012.


34°13′42″N 118°32′09″W / 34.22833°N 118.53583°W / 34.22833; -118.53583

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