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| background = #C2E0FF
| background = #C2E0FF
| image =
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| caption =
| discovery_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="MPEC2010-G49" /><ref name="MPC-445473" />
| discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" />
| discovered = 11 November 2010
| discovered = 11 November 2010
| discoverer = [[David L. Rabinowitz|D. L. Rabinowitz]]<br />[[Megan E. Schwamb|M. E. Schwamb]]<br />[[Suzanne W. Tourtellotte|S. Tourtellotte]]
| discoverer = [[David L. Rabinowitz|D. L. Rabinowitz]]<br />[[Megan E. Schwamb|M. E. Schwamb]]<br />[[Suzanne W. Tourtellotte|S. Tourtellotte]]
| discovery_site = [[La Silla Observatory|La Silla Obs.]]
| discovery_site = [[La Silla Observatory|La Silla Obs.]]
| mp_name = {{mp|(445473) 2010 VZ|98}}
| mpc_name = {{mp|(445473) 2010 VZ|98}}
| alt_names = {{mp|2010 VZ|98}}
| alt_names = {{mp|2010 VZ|98}}
| pronounced =
| pronounced =
| named_after =
| named_after =
| mp_category = [[Trans-Neptunian object|TNO]]<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}[[Scattered disc|SDO]]<ref name=MPC-TNO-list />
| mp_category = {{nowrap|[[Trans-Neptunian object|TNO]]<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}[[Scattered disc|SDO]]<ref name="johnstonsarchive-TNO-list" />}}
| orbit_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 31 July 2016 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2457600.5)
| epoch = 4 September 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458000.5)
| uncertainty = 2
| uncertainty = 2
| observation_arc = 16.90 yr (6,171 days)
| observation_arc = 16.90 yr (6,171 days)
| aphelion = 269.36 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| aphelion = 266.63 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion = 34.323 AU
| perihelion = 34.333 AU
| time_periastron = ≈ 3 December 2027<ref name=perihelion>[http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=2010VZ98 JPL Horizons] Observer Location: @sun (Perihelion occurs when deldot changes from negative to positive. Uncertainty in time of perihelion is [[3-sigma]].)</ref>
| semimajor = 151.84 AU
| eccentricity = 0.7740
| semimajor = 150.48 AU
| eccentricity = 0.7719
| period = {{nowrap|1871.06 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (683,405 days)}}
| mean_anomaly = 357.81[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| period = 1846.03 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (674,262 [[Day|d]])
| mean_anomaly = 358.00[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.0005|sup=ms}} / day
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.0005|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 4.5099°
| inclination = 4.5110°
| asc_node = 117.43°
| asc_node = 117.39°
| arg_peri = 313.91°
| arg_peri = 313.88°
| satellites =
| satellites =
| dimensions = 401.33 [[Kilometre|km]] {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />461 km {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name=Brown-dplist />
| mean_diameter = 401.33 [[Kilometre|km]] {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|443|u=km}} {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="johnstonsarchive-TNO-list" /><br />471 km {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="Brown-dplist" />
| rotation = {{val|9.72|0.05}} [[Hour|h]]<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Benecchi-2013" />
| rotation = {{val|9.72|0.05}} [[Hour|h]]<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Benecchi-2013" />
| albedo = 0.07 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name=Brown-dplist/><br />0.10 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
| albedo = 0.07 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="Brown-dplist" /><br />0.09 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="johnstonsarchive-TNO-list" /><br />0.10 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
| spectral_type = [[C-type asteroid|C]]&thinsp;<ref name="lcdb" />
| spectral_type = [[C-type asteroid|C]]<ref name="lcdb" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|B–V]] {{=}} {{val|1.100|0.040}}<ref name="Tegler-2016" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|V–R]] {{=}} {{val|0.670|0.020}}<ref name="Tegler-2016" />
| abs_magnitude = {{val|4.81|0.04}} {{small|(S)}}<ref name="Benecchi-2013" /><br />5.1<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" />
| abs_magnitude = {{val|4.81|0.04}} {{small|(S)}}<ref name="Benecchi-2013" />{{·}}5.0<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" /><br />5.1<ref name="lcdb" />{{·}}5.27<ref name="Tegler-2016" />{{·}}5.3<ref name="Brown-dplist" />
}}
}}


'''{{mp|(445473) 2010 VZ|98}}''' is a [[trans-Neptunian object]] (TNO) orbiting the [[Sun]] in the [[scattered disc]]. It was discovered on 11 November 2010, by American astronomers [[David L. Rabinowitz]], [[Megan E. Schwamb]] and [[Suzanne W. Tourtellotte]] at [[La Silla]] in northern Chile,<ref name="MPC-445473" /> when it was 38&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] from the Sun. With an absolute [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] of approximately 5.0 and a calculated diameter above 400 kilometers, it is [[List of possible dwarf planets|possibly a dwarf planet]].<ref name=Brown-dplist />
'''{{mp|(445473) 2010 VZ|98}}''' ([[Minor planet provisional designation|provisional designation]] '''{{mp|2010 VZ|98}}''') is a [[trans-Neptunian object]] of the [[scattered disc]], orbiting the Sun in the outermost region of the [[Solar System]]. It has a diameter of approximately 400 kilometers.<ref name="lcdb" />


It was discovered on 11 November 2010, by American astronomers [[David L. Rabinowitz|David Rabinowitz]], [[Megan E. Schwamb|Megan Schwamb]] and [[Suzanne W. Tourtellotte|Suzanne Tourtellotte]] at ESO's [[La Silla Observatory]] site in northern Chile,<ref name="MPC-object" /> when it was 38&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] from the Sun.
⚫
The carbonaceous TNO orbits the Sun at a distance of 34.3–269.4&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 1871 years and 1 month (683,405 days). Its orbit has a high [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.77 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 5[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> [[Small number statistics]] suggest that this body may be trapped in a 3:2 [[orbital resonance]] with an unseen [[planet beyond Neptune]] with a [[semi-major axis]] of 195–215&nbsp;AU.<ref name="Marcos-2014" /> The first [[precovery]] was taken by the [[Sloan Digital Sky Survey]] at the [[Apache Point Observatory]] in 1998, extending the body's [[observation arc]] by 12 years prior to its discovery. The precoveries were found in May 2015 ({{small|MPS 604632}}).<ref name="MPC-445473" />


== Orbit and classification ==
⚫
Published in 2013, a rotational [[light-curve]] was obtained for this object from [[Photometry (astronomy)|photometric]] observation by members of the [[Carnegie Institution for Science]] at [[Las Campanas Observatory]], Chile. The light-curve gave a [[rotation period]] of {{val|9.72|0.05}} hours with a brightness variation of 0.18 magnitude ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=n.a.]]}}).<ref name="Benecchi-2013" /> While American astronomer [[Michael E. Brown]] assumes a diameter of 461 kilometers and an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] of 0.07,<ref name=Brown-dplist /> the ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes an albedo of 0.10 and calculates a diameter of 401 kilometers.<ref name="lcdb" />
⚫
{{mp|2010 VZ|98}} orbits the Sun at a distance of 34.3–266.6&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 1846 years (674,262 days; [[semi-major axis]] of 150.5&nbsp;AU). Its orbit has a high [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.77 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 5[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> [[Small number statistics]] suggest that this body may be trapped in a 3:2 [[orbital resonance]] with an unseen [[planet beyond Neptune]] with a [[semi-major axis]] of 195–215&nbsp;AU.<ref name="Marcos-2014" /> The first [[precovery]] was taken by the [[Sloan Digital Sky Survey]] at the [[Apache Point Observatory]] in 1998, extending the body's [[observation arc]] by 12 years prior to its discovery. The precoveries were found in May 2015 ({{small|MPS 604632}}).<ref name="MPC-object" />

== Physical characteristics ==
⚫
A rotational [[lightcurve]] of {{mp|2010 VZ|98}} was obtained from [[Photometry (astronomy)|photometric]] observation by members of the [[Carnegie Institution for Science]] at [[Las Campanas Observatory]], Chile. The light-curve gave a [[rotation period]] of {{val|9.72|0.05}} hours with a brightness variation of 0.18 magnitude ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=n.a.]]}}).<ref name="Benecchi-2013" />

=== Diameter and albedo ===
While American astronomer [[Michael E. Brown]] assumes a diameter of 471 kilometers and an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] of 0.07,<ref name="Brown-dplist" /> the ''Johnston{{'s}} Archive'' estimates a diameter of 443 kilometers with generic albedo of 0.09.<ref name="johnstonsarchive-TNO-list" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes an albedo of 0.10 and calculates a diameter of 401 kilometers.<ref name="lcdb" /> These estimates are based on an [[absolute magnitude]] between 5.0 and 5.3.<ref name="Brown-dplist" /><ref name="lcdb" />

== Naming ==
As of 2018, this [[minor planet]] remains unnamed.<ref name="MPC-object" />


== See also ==
== See also ==
Line 47: Line 59:


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist
{{reflist|30em|refs=
|refs=


<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2015-10-12 last obs.
|type = 2015-10-12 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 445473 (2010 VZ98)
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 445473 (2010 VZ98)
|url = http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2445473
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2445473
|publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|accessdate = 7 September 2016}}</ref>
|accessdate = 2 June 2017}}</ref>

⚫
<ref name="MPEC2010-G49">{{cite web
|title=MPEC 2011-Q57 : 2010 VZ98
|publisher=IAU Minor Planet Center
|date=2011-08-31
⚫
|url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K11/K11Q57.html
⚫
|accessdate=2012-08-31}}</ref>


<ref name="MPC-445473">{{cite web
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
|title = 445473 (2010 VZ98)
|title = 445473 (2010 VZ98)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=445473
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=445473
|accessdate = 7 September 2016}}</ref>
|accessdate = 7 September 2016}}</ref>


<ref name=MPC-TNO-list>{{cite web
<ref name="johnstonsarchive-TNO-list">{{cite web
|title=List Of Centaurs and Scattered-Disk Objects
|title = List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects
|work = Johnston's Archive
|publisher=Minor Planet Center
|date = 30 December 2017
|url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/iau/lists/Centaurs.html
|author = Johnston, Wm. Robert
|accessdate=2012-08-31}}</ref>
⚫
|url = http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/tnoslist.html
⚫
|accessdate = 9 February 2018}}</ref>


<ref name=Brown-dplist>{{cite web
<ref name="Brown-dplist">{{cite web
|title = How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system?
|title = How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system?
|publisher = California Institute of Technology
|publisher = [[California Institute of Technology]]
|author = Michael E. Brown
|author = Michael E. Brown
|url = http://web.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/dps.html
|url = http://web.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/dps.html
|accessdate = 7 September 2016}}</ref>
|accessdate = 9 February 2018}}</ref>


<ref name="Marcos-2014">{{Cite journal
<ref name="Marcos-2014">{{Cite journal
Line 88: Line 94:
|date = September 2014
|date = September 2014
|title = Extreme trans-Neptunian objects and the Kozai mechanism: signalling the presence of trans-Plutonian planets
|title = Extreme trans-Neptunian objects and the Kozai mechanism: signalling the presence of trans-Plutonian planets
|url = http://mnrasl.oxfordjournals.org/content/443/1/L59
|journal = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
|journal = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
|volume = 443
|volume = 443
Line 96: Line 101:
|doi = 10.1093/mnrasl/slu084
|doi = 10.1093/mnrasl/slu084
|arxiv = 1406.0715
|arxiv = 1406.0715
|s2cid = 118622180
|access-date= 7 September 2016}}</ref>
}}</ref>


<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (445473)
|title = LCDB Data for (445473)
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=445473%7C
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=445473%7C
|accessdate = 7 September 2016}}</ref>
|accessdate = 7 September 2016}}</ref>


Line 109: Line 115:
|date = May 2013
|date = May 2013
|title = Light Curves of 32 Large Transneptunian Objects
|title = Light Curves of 32 Large Transneptunian Objects
|url = http://arxiv.org/pdf/1301.5791v2.pdf
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 145
|volume = 145
Line 116: Line 121:
|bibcode = 2013AJ....145..124B
|bibcode = 2013AJ....145..124B
|doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/145/5/124
|doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/145/5/124
|arxiv = 1301.5791
|arxiv = 1301.5791|s2cid = 54183985
}}</ref>
|access-date= 7 September 2016}}</ref>

⚫
<ref name="Tegler-2016">{{Cite journal
|first1 = S. C. |last1 = Tegler
|first2 = W. |last2 = Romanishin
|first3 = G. J. |last3 = Consolmagno
|first4 = S. |last4 = J.
|date = December 2016
|title = Two Color Populations of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects and the Smaller Orbital Inclinations of Red Centaur Objects
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 152
|issue = 6
|page = 13
|bibcode = 2016AJ....152..210T
|doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/6/210|s2cid = 125183388
|doi-access= free
}}</ref>


}} <!-- end of reflist -->
}} <!-- end of reflist -->


== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2010+VZ98 Minor Planet Center 2010 VZ98]
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/t_centaurs.html List Of Centaurs and Scattered-Disk Objects], ''Minor Planet Center''
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=2017-12-16 }})
⚫
* {{JPL small body|id=445473}}
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs445001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (445001)-(450000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|445473}}
⚫
* {{JPL small body|id=2445473}}


{{Trans-Neptunian objects}}
{{Trans-Neptunian objects}}
{{Trans-Neptunian dwarf planets}}
{{Dwarf planets}}
{{Minor planets navigator |number=445473 |PageName={{mp|(445473) 2010 VZ|98}} }}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Minor planets navigator|(445472) 2010 VA89 |(445474) 2010 VF101}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:2010 VZ98}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:2010 VZ98}}
[[Category:Scattered disc and detached objects|445473]]
[[Category:Scattered disc and detached objects|445473]]
[[Category:Numbered minor planets|445473]]
[[Category:Extreme trans-Neptunian objects|445473]]
[[Category:Discoveries by David L. Rabinowitz]]
[[Category:Discoveries by David L. Rabinowitz]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Megan E. Schwamb]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Megan E. Schwamb]]

Revision as of 21:35, 18 January 2024

(445473) 2010 VZ98
Discovery[1]
Discovered byD. L. Rabinowitz
M. E. Schwamb
S. Tourtellotte
Discovery siteLa Silla Obs.
Discovery date11 November 2010
Designations
(445473) 2010 VZ98
2010 VZ98
TNO[2] · SDO[3]
Orbital characteristics[2]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 2
Observation arc16.90 yr (6,171 days)
Aphelion266.63 AU
Perihelion34.333 AU
150.48 AU
Eccentricity0.7719
1846.03 yr (674,262 d)
358.00°
0° 0m 1.8s / day
Inclination4.5110°
117.39°
≈ 3 December 2027[4]
313.88°
Physical characteristics
401.33 km (calculated)[5]
443 km (calculated)[3]
471 km (calculated)[6]
9.72±0.05 h[5][7]
0.07 (assumed)[6]
0.09 (assumed)[3]
0.10 (assumed)[5]
C[5]
B–V = 1.100±0.040[8]
V–R = 0.670±0.020[8]
4.81±0.04 (S)[7] · 5.0[1][2]
5.1[5] · 5.27[8] · 5.3[6]

(445473) 2010 VZ98 (provisional designation 2010 VZ98) is a trans-Neptunian object of the scattered disc, orbiting the Sun in the outermost region of the Solar System. It has a diameter of approximately 400 kilometers.[5]

It was discovered on 11 November 2010, by American astronomers David Rabinowitz, Megan Schwamb and Suzanne Tourtellotte at ESO's La Silla Observatory site in northern Chile,[1] when it was 38 AU from the Sun.

Orbit and classification

2010 VZ98 orbits the Sun at a distance of 34.3–266.6 AU once every 1846 years (674,262 days; semi-major axis of 150.5 AU). Its orbit has a high eccentricity of 0.77 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.[2] Small number statistics suggest that this body may be trapped in a 3:2 orbital resonance with an unseen planet beyond Neptune with a semi-major axis of 195–215 AU.[9] The first precovery was taken by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey at the Apache Point Observatory in 1998, extending the body's observation arc by 12 years prior to its discovery. The precoveries were found in May 2015 (MPS 604632).[1]

Physical characteristics

A rotational lightcurve of 2010 VZ98 was obtained from photometric observation by members of the Carnegie Institution for Science at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile. The light-curve gave a rotation period of 9.72±0.05 hours with a brightness variation of 0.18 magnitude (U=n.a.).[7]

Diameter and albedo

While American astronomer Michael E. Brown assumes a diameter of 471 kilometers and an albedo of 0.07,[6] the Johnston's Archive estimates a diameter of 443 kilometers with generic albedo of 0.09.[3] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.10 and calculates a diameter of 401 kilometers.[5] These estimates are based on an absolute magnitude between 5.0 and 5.3.[6][5]

Naming

As of 2018, this minor planet remains unnamed.[1]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "445473 (2010 VZ98)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
  2. ^ a b c d "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 445473 (2010 VZ98)" (2015-10-12 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d Johnston, Wm. Robert (30 December 2017). "List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
  4. ^ JPL Horizons Observer Location: @sun (Perihelion occurs when deldot changes from negative to positive. Uncertainty in time of perihelion is 3-sigma.)
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h "LCDB Data for (445473)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 7 September 2016.
  6. ^ a b c d e Michael E. Brown. "How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system?". California Institute of Technology. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
  7. ^ a b c Benecchi, Susan D.; Sheppard, Scott S. (May 2013). "Light Curves of 32 Large Transneptunian Objects". The Astronomical Journal. 145 (5): 19. arXiv:1301.5791. Bibcode:2013AJ....145..124B. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/145/5/124. S2CID 54183985.
  8. ^ a b c Tegler, S. C.; Romanishin, W.; Consolmagno, G. J.; J., S. (December 2016). "Two Color Populations of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects and the Smaller Orbital Inclinations of Red Centaur Objects". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (6): 13. Bibcode:2016AJ....152..210T. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/6/210. S2CID 125183388.
  9. ^ de la Fuente Marcos, C.; de la Fuente Marcos, R. (September 2014). "Extreme trans-Neptunian objects and the Kozai mechanism: signalling the presence of trans-Plutonian planets". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 443 (1): L59–L63. arXiv:1406.0715. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.443L..59D. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slu084. S2CID 118622180.
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