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{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{mp|(445473) 2010 VZ|98}}}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{mp|(445473) 2010 VZ|98}}}}
{{Infobox planet
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| minorplanet = yes
| name = {{mp|(445473) 2010 VZ|98}}
| background = #FFFFC0
| background = #C2E0FF
| name = {{mp|2010 VZ|98}}
| image =
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discovery_ref = <ref name="MPEC2010-G49">{{cite web
| discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" />
|title=MPEC 2011-Q57 : 2010 VZ98
| discovered = 11 November 2010
|publisher=IAU Minor Planet Center
| discoverer = [[David L. Rabinowitz|D. L. Rabinowitz]]<br />[[Megan E. Schwamb|M. E. Schwamb]]<br />[[Suzanne W. Tourtellotte|S. Tourtellotte]]
|date=2011-08-31
| discovery_site = [[La Silla Observatory|La Silla Obs.]]
|url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K11/K11Q57.html
| mpc_name = {{mp|(445473) 2010 VZ|98}}
|accessdate=2012-08-31}}</ref>
| alt_names = {{mp|2010 VZ|98}}
| discoverer =
| pronounced =
| discovered = 11 November 2010
| named_after =
| mp_name = {{mp|2010 VZ|98}}
| mp_category = [[Trans-Neptunian object|TNO]] ([[Scattered disc|SDO]])<ref name=MPC>{{cite web
| mp_category = {{nowrap|[[Trans-Neptunian object|TNO]]<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}[[Scattered disc|SDO]]<ref name="johnstonsarchive-TNO-list" />}}
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
|title=List Of Centaurs and Scattered-Disk Objects
| epoch = 4 September 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458000.5)
|publisher=Minor Planet Center
| uncertainty = 2
|url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/iau/lists/Centaurs.html
| observation_arc = 16.90 yr (6,171 days)
|accessdate=2012-08-31}}</ref>
| aphelion = 266.63 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| orbit_ref = <ref name="mpcdata">{{cite web
| perihelion = 34.333 AU
|type=last observation: 2015-10-12; [[Observation arc|arc]]: 17 years years
| time_periastron = ≈ 3 December 2027<ref name=perihelion>[http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=2010VZ98 JPL Horizons] Observer Location: @sun (Perihelion occurs when deldot changes from negative to positive. Uncertainty in time of perihelion is [[3-sigma]].)</ref>
|title=IAU Minor Planet Center: (445473) 2010 VZ98
| semimajor = 150.48 AU
|url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=445473
| eccentricity = 0.7719
|accessdate=2015-11-11}}</ref><ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 13 January 2016 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2457400.5)
| period = 1846.03 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (674,262 [[Day|d]])
| mean_anomaly = 358.00[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| uncertainty = 3
| aphelion = {{Convert|271.239|AU|Tm|abbr=on|lk=on}} (Q)
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.0005|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 4.5110°
| perihelion = {{Convert|34.3198|AU|Tm|abbr=on}} (q)
| asc_node = 117.39°
| semimajor = {{Convert|152.7794|AU|Tm|abbr=on}} (a)
| arg_peri = 313.88°
| eccentricity = 0.77536 (e)
| satellites =
| period = 1888.45 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (689756.1 [[Julian year (astronomy)|d]])
| mean_diameter = 401.33 [[Kilometre|km]] {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|443|u=km}} {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="johnstonsarchive-TNO-list" /><br />471 km {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="Brown-dplist" />
| avg_speed =
| rotation = {{val|9.72|0.05}} [[Hour|h]]<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Benecchi-2013" />
| inclination = 4.50950° (i)
| albedo = 0.07 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="Brown-dplist" /><br />0.09 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="johnstonsarchive-TNO-list" /><br />0.10 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
| asc_node = 117.4524° (Ω)
| spectral_type = [[C-type asteroid|C]]<ref name="lcdb" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|B–V]] {{=}} {{val|1.100|0.040}}<ref name="Tegler-2016" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|V–R]] {{=}} {{val|0.670|0.020}}<ref name="Tegler-2016" />
| mean_anomaly = 357.72980[[Degree (angle)|°]] (M)
| abs_magnitude = {{val|4.81|0.04}} {{small|(S)}}<ref name="Benecchi-2013" />{{·}}5.0<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" /><br />5.1<ref name="lcdb" />{{·}}5.27<ref name="Tegler-2016" />{{·}}5.3<ref name="Brown-dplist" />
| arg_peri = 313.8953° (ω)
| satellites =
| dimensions = 461 km (assumed)<ref name=Brown-dplist/>
| sidereal_day = 9.72 h?<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type=last observation: 2013-11-04; [[Observation arc|arc]]: 2.98 years
|title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2010 VZ98)
|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2010VZ98
|accessdate=20 April 2016}}</ref>
| albedo = 0.07 (assumed)<ref name=Brown-dplist/>
| spectral_type =
| magnitude =
| abs_magnitude = 5.1<ref name=mpcdata/><ref name="jpldata"/>
| observation_arc = 16.90 yr (6171 days)
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.000521924|sup=ms}} / day (n)
| rotation = {{Convert|9.72|h|d|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| moid = {{Convert|33.3354|AU|Tm|abbr=on}}
| jupiter_moid = {{Convert|29.2608|AU|Tm|abbr=on}}
| tisserand = 6.857
}}
}}


'''{{mp|(445473) 2010 VZ|98}}''' is a [[trans-Neptunian object]] (TNO) orbiting the [[Sun]] in the [[scattered disc]]. It was discovered in November 2010 when it was 38&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] from the Sun. With an [[absolute magnitude]] of 5.0,<ref name=jpldata/> it is likely a [[dwarf planet]] and might be around {{convert|500|km|mi}} in diameter.<ref name=Brown-dplist>{{cite web
'''{{mp|(445473) 2010 VZ|98}}''' ([[Minor planet provisional designation|provisional designation]] '''{{mp|2010 VZ|98}}''') is a [[trans-Neptunian object]] of the [[scattered disc]], orbiting the Sun in the outermost region of the [[Solar System]]. It has a diameter of approximately 400 kilometers.<ref name="lcdb" />
|title=How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system? (updates daily)
|publisher=California Institute of Technology
|author=Michael E. Brown
|author-link=Michael E. Brown
|url=http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/dps.html
|accessdate=2012-08-31}}</ref>


It was discovered on 11 November 2010, by American astronomers [[David L. Rabinowitz|David Rabinowitz]], [[Megan E. Schwamb|Megan Schwamb]] and [[Suzanne W. Tourtellotte|Suzanne Tourtellotte]] at ESO's [[La Silla Observatory]] site in northern Chile,<ref name="MPC-object" /> when it was 38&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] from the Sun.
[[Small number statistics]] suggest {{mp|(445473) 2010 VZ|98}} may be trapped in a 3:2 [[orbital resonance]] with an unseen [[planet beyond Neptune]] with a [[semi-major axis]] of 195–215&nbsp;AU.<ref name="Marcos2014">{{cite journal|title=Extreme trans-Neptunian objects and the Kozai mechanism: signalling the presence of trans-Plutonian planets |first=Carlos |last=de la Fuente Marcos |last2=de la Fuente Marcos |first2=Raúl |date=1 September 2014|journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]]: Letters|volume=443|issue=1|pages=L59-L63|arxiv=1406.0715|bibcode=2014MNRAS.443L..59D |doi=10.1093/mnrasl/slu084|url=http://mnrasl.oxfordjournals.org/content/443/1/L59 }}</ref>


== Orbit and classification ==
In May 2015, precovery images of 2010 VZ98 from 1998 were found, and have been accepted by the Minor Planet Center but not the JPL. Therefore, the JPL orbit for the asteroid is less accurate.
{{mp|2010 VZ|98}} orbits the Sun at a distance of 34.3–266.6&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 1846 years (674,262 days; [[semi-major axis]] of 150.5&nbsp;AU). Its orbit has a high [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.77 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 5[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> [[Small number statistics]] suggest that this body may be trapped in a 3:2 [[orbital resonance]] with an unseen [[planet beyond Neptune]] with a [[semi-major axis]] of 195–215&nbsp;AU.<ref name="Marcos-2014" /> The first [[precovery]] was taken by the [[Sloan Digital Sky Survey]] at the [[Apache Point Observatory]] in 1998, extending the body's [[observation arc]] by 12 years prior to its discovery. The precoveries were found in May 2015 ({{small|MPS 604632}}).<ref name="MPC-object" />


== Physical characteristics ==
==See also==
A rotational [[lightcurve]] of {{mp|2010 VZ|98}} was obtained from [[Photometry (astronomy)|photometric]] observation by members of the [[Carnegie Institution for Science]] at [[Las Campanas Observatory]], Chile. The light-curve gave a [[rotation period]] of {{val|9.72|0.05}} hours with a brightness variation of 0.18 magnitude ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=n.a.]]}}).<ref name="Benecchi-2013" />
*[[List of Solar System objects by greatest aphelion]]


=== Diameter and albedo ===
==References==
While American astronomer [[Michael E. Brown]] assumes a diameter of 471 kilometers and an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] of 0.07,<ref name="Brown-dplist" /> the ''Johnston{{'s}} Archive'' estimates a diameter of 443 kilometers with generic albedo of 0.09.<ref name="johnstonsarchive-TNO-list" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes an albedo of 0.10 and calculates a diameter of 401 kilometers.<ref name="lcdb" /> These estimates are based on an [[absolute magnitude]] between 5.0 and 5.3.<ref name="Brown-dplist" /><ref name="lcdb" />
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
== Naming ==
As of 2018, this [[minor planet]] remains unnamed.<ref name="MPC-object" />
* [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2010+VZ98 Minor Planet Center 2010 VZ98]

* {{JPL small body|id=445473}}
== See also ==
* [[List of Solar System objects by greatest aphelion]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2015-10-12 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 445473 (2010 VZ98)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2445473
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|accessdate = 2 June 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
|title = 445473 (2010 VZ98)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=445473
|accessdate = 7 September 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="johnstonsarchive-TNO-list">{{cite web
|title = List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects
|work = Johnston's Archive
|date = 30 December 2017
|author = Johnston, Wm. Robert
|url = http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/tnoslist.html
|accessdate = 9 February 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Brown-dplist">{{cite web
|title = How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system?
|publisher = [[California Institute of Technology]]
|author = Michael E. Brown
|url = http://web.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/dps.html
|accessdate = 9 February 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Marcos-2014">{{Cite journal
|first1 = C. |last1 = de la Fuente Marcos
|first2 = R. |last2 = de la Fuente Marcos
|date = September 2014
|title = Extreme trans-Neptunian objects and the Kozai mechanism: signalling the presence of trans-Plutonian planets
|journal = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
|volume = 443
|issue = 1
|pages = L59–L63
|bibcode = 2014MNRAS.443L..59D
|doi = 10.1093/mnrasl/slu084
|arxiv = 1406.0715
|s2cid = 118622180
}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (445473)
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=445473%7C
|accessdate = 7 September 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="Benecchi-2013">{{Cite journal
|first1 = Susan D. |last1 = Benecchi
|first2 = Scott S. |last2 = Sheppard
|date = May 2013
|title = Light Curves of 32 Large Transneptunian Objects
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 145
|issue = 5
|page = 19
|bibcode = 2013AJ....145..124B
|doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/145/5/124
|arxiv = 1301.5791|s2cid = 54183985
}}</ref>

<ref name="Tegler-2016">{{Cite journal
|first1 = S. C. |last1 = Tegler
|first2 = W. |last2 = Romanishin
|first3 = G. J. |last3 = Consolmagno
|first4 = S. |last4 = J.
|date = December 2016
|title = Two Color Populations of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects and the Smaller Orbital Inclinations of Red Centaur Objects
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 152
|issue = 6
|page = 13
|bibcode = 2016AJ....152..210T
|doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/6/210|s2cid = 125183388
|doi-access= free
}}</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->

== External links ==
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/t_centaurs.html List Of Centaurs and Scattered-Disk Objects], ''Minor Planet Center''
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=2017-12-16 }})
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs445001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (445001)-(450000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|445473}}
* {{JPL small body|id=2445473}}


{{Trans-Neptunian objects}}
{{Trans-Neptunian objects}}
{{Trans-Neptunian dwarf planets}}
{{Dwarf planets}}
{{Minor planets navigator |number=445473 |PageName={{mp|(445473) 2010 VZ|98}} }}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:445473}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:2010 VZ98}}
[[Category:Scattered disc and detached objects]]
[[Category:Scattered disc and detached objects|445473]]
[[Category:Possible dwarf planets]]
[[Category:Extreme trans-Neptunian objects|445473]]
[[Category:Discoveries by David L. Rabinowitz]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Megan E. Schwamb]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Suzanne W. Tourtellotte]]
[[Category:Possible dwarf planets|445473]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 2010|20101111]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 2010|20101111]]
[[Category:Numbered minor planets|445473]]
[[Category:Discoveries by David L. Rabinowitz|2010 VZ98]]


{{CentaurTNO-stub}}

Revision as of 21:35, 18 January 2024

(445473) 2010 VZ98
Discovery[1]
Discovered byD. L. Rabinowitz
M. E. Schwamb
S. Tourtellotte
Discovery siteLa Silla Obs.
Discovery date11 November 2010
Designations
(445473) 2010 VZ98
2010 VZ98
TNO[2] · SDO[3]
Orbital characteristics[2]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 2
Observation arc16.90 yr (6,171 days)
Aphelion266.63 AU
Perihelion34.333 AU
150.48 AU
Eccentricity0.7719
1846.03 yr (674,262 d)
358.00°
0° 0m 1.8s / day
Inclination4.5110°
117.39°
≈ 3 December 2027[4]
313.88°
Physical characteristics
401.33 km (calculated)[5]
443 km (calculated)[3]
471 km (calculated)[6]
9.72±0.05 h[5][7]
0.07 (assumed)[6]
0.09 (assumed)[3]
0.10 (assumed)[5]
C[5]
B–V = 1.100±0.040[8]
V–R = 0.670±0.020[8]
4.81±0.04 (S)[7] · 5.0[1][2]
5.1[5] · 5.27[8] · 5.3[6]

(445473) 2010 VZ98 (provisional designation 2010 VZ98) is a trans-Neptunian object of the scattered disc, orbiting the Sun in the outermost region of the Solar System. It has a diameter of approximately 400 kilometers.[5]

It was discovered on 11 November 2010, by American astronomers David Rabinowitz, Megan Schwamb and Suzanne Tourtellotte at ESO's La Silla Observatory site in northern Chile,[1] when it was 38 AU from the Sun.

Orbit and classification

2010 VZ98 orbits the Sun at a distance of 34.3–266.6 AU once every 1846 years (674,262 days; semi-major axis of 150.5 AU). Its orbit has a high eccentricity of 0.77 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.[2] Small number statistics suggest that this body may be trapped in a 3:2 orbital resonance with an unseen planet beyond Neptune with a semi-major axis of 195–215 AU.[9] The first precovery was taken by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey at the Apache Point Observatory in 1998, extending the body's observation arc by 12 years prior to its discovery. The precoveries were found in May 2015 (MPS 604632).[1]

Physical characteristics

A rotational lightcurve of 2010 VZ98 was obtained from photometric observation by members of the Carnegie Institution for Science at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile. The light-curve gave a rotation period of 9.72±0.05 hours with a brightness variation of 0.18 magnitude (U=n.a.).[7]

Diameter and albedo

While American astronomer Michael E. Brown assumes a diameter of 471 kilometers and an albedo of 0.07,[6] the Johnston's Archive estimates a diameter of 443 kilometers with generic albedo of 0.09.[3] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.10 and calculates a diameter of 401 kilometers.[5] These estimates are based on an absolute magnitude between 5.0 and 5.3.[6][5]

Naming

As of 2018, this minor planet remains unnamed.[1]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "445473 (2010 VZ98)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
  2. ^ a b c d "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 445473 (2010 VZ98)" (2015-10-12 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d Johnston, Wm. Robert (30 December 2017). "List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
  4. ^ JPL Horizons Observer Location: @sun (Perihelion occurs when deldot changes from negative to positive. Uncertainty in time of perihelion is 3-sigma.)
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h "LCDB Data for (445473)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 7 September 2016.
  6. ^ a b c d e Michael E. Brown. "How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system?". California Institute of Technology. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
  7. ^ a b c Benecchi, Susan D.; Sheppard, Scott S. (May 2013). "Light Curves of 32 Large Transneptunian Objects". The Astronomical Journal. 145 (5): 19. arXiv:1301.5791. Bibcode:2013AJ....145..124B. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/145/5/124. S2CID 54183985.
  8. ^ a b c Tegler, S. C.; Romanishin, W.; Consolmagno, G. J.; J., S. (December 2016). "Two Color Populations of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects and the Smaller Orbital Inclinations of Red Centaur Objects". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (6): 13. Bibcode:2016AJ....152..210T. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/6/210. S2CID 125183388.
  9. ^ de la Fuente Marcos, C.; de la Fuente Marcos, R. (September 2014). "Extreme trans-Neptunian objects and the Kozai mechanism: signalling the presence of trans-Plutonian planets". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 443 (1): L59–L63. arXiv:1406.0715. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.443L..59D. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slu084. S2CID 118622180.
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